Clint Lalonde TEC, Victoria, BC, May 2013Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license

Image: Into the Great Wide Open by Maarten van Maanen used under Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license

Photo: Governors Island Alliance Harbor Map by Jeff Ferzoco used under CC-BY-NC license

Day of the MOOC by Michael Branson Smith used under CC-BY-BC license

O

Why OPEN?

Photo: Fina Underwater by Dave Foster used under Creative Commons license

Open (free) Culture

“social movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works in the form of free content by using the Internet and other forms of media.

Free Culture Movement Wikipedia

“citizens have the right to access the documents and proceedings of the government to allow for effective public oversight”

Open Government

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_governmentPhoto: Peace Tower by Ken Lewis used under CC-BY-NC-SA license

Open Data

Open Source Software

open.royalroads.ca

open.ubc.ca

Open Access Publishing“As a society, we are paying for science, and then we’re paying to read about it.”

http://ubyssey.ca/author/gordanapanicgoldischami/

Open Access Publishing

The Development of Open Access Journal Publishing from 1993 to 2009 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3113847/

Photo: Fina Underwater by Dave Foster used under Creative Commons license

Photo: Fina Underwater by Dave Foster used under Creative Commons license

Good or Bad?

…“openness” has become a dangerously vague term, with lots of sex appeal but barely any analytical content.

For many institutions, “open” has become the new “green.” And in the same way that companies will “greenwash” their initiatives by invoking eco-friendly window dressing to hide less-palatable practices, there has also emerged a term to describe similar efforts to read “openness” into situations and environments where it doesn’t exist: “openwashing.”

Evgeny Morozov March, 2013, New York Times

Open as Business Model

Anya Kamenetz, http://www.fastcompany.com/1790122/pearson-blackboard-and-educations-new-openwashing

http://www.blackboard.com/about-bb/news-center/Press-Releases.aspx?releaseid=1676740

“…openness is the sole means by which education is effected. If a teacher is not sharing what he or she knows, there is no education happening.

In fact, those educators who share the most thoroughly of themselves with the greatest proportion of their students are the ones we deem successful. Does every single student come out of a class in possession of the knowledge and skills the teacher tried to share? In other words, is the teacher a successful sharer? If so, then the teacher is a successful educator. If attempts at sharing fail, then the teacher is a poor educator.

Education is sharing.

Education is about being open.”

Openness as Catalyst for an Educational Reformation, David Wiley, EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 45, no. 4 (July/August 2010): 14–20

The web - open by design

The amazing expansion of websites globally from 1994 to about 2000—was driven by open access and individuals learning by reading other people's HTML code. The web growth over those six years is probably the most significant distance learning program the world has ever seen. One could say it was perhaps the first “massive open online” learning phenomenon, occurring nearly two decades before anyone ever heard of the idea of a MOOC (massive open online course).

Open Educational Resources as Learning Materials: Prospects & Strategies for Libraries, Research Libraries Issues, Sept 2012http://publications.arl.org/rli280/1

“OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others.”

William & Flora Hewlett Foundation http://www.hewlett.org/programs/education-program/open-educational-resources

“Open Educational Resources (OERs) are any type of educational materials that are in the public domain or introduced with an open license. The nature of these open materials means that anyone can legally and freely copy, use, adapt and re-share them.”UNESCOhttp://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/access-to-knowledge/open-educational-resources/what-are-open-educational-resources-oers/

• Educational resources (text, images, simulations, multimedia, textbooks)

• Accessible by anyone (usually via internet)

• Free• Can be modified & adapted

©

Image from Copyright in Education & Internet in South African Lawhttp://education-copyright.org/creative-commons/Used under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 South Africa license

solr.bccampus.ca

“A textbook licensed under an open copyright license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public.

They are available as low-cost printed versions, should students opt for these.”

BCcampushttp://open.bccampus.ca/open-textbooks/open-textbook-faq/#1

• Students spend $1200/yr on textbooks• 4x rate of inflation over past 20 years• 70% students have not purchased textbook

for a course because of price

What students think of textbooks“The price of textbooks has influenced my decision to take classes. When the same class is offered by three different instructors, I check which book is the cheapest, and even though the professor might not be good, I’m forced to take that class because the textbook is the cheapest.”

“For my ‘Intro to Stats’ class, the usual cost of the textbook is like $120. But then I got a copy from India for like $29. And it’s the exact same copy.”

“I was in lab one day and the guy sitting next to me had the PDF version of the book opened on his computer. And I was like, Oh, can I have a copy? And he sent it over to me.”

“I have a friend who actually didn’t spend any money last year for books because he went to the library at the beginning of the quarter, borrowed books, scanned everything, and had the PDF file.”

“My most expensive class was clinical psych, because she writes the textbook herself, and it has a new edition every semester or something ridiculous. So it was like almost $200. And the thing is that you can’t use the previous edition, because she changes it herself because she knows the textbooks sell well. It’s like so manipulative.”

Students Get Savvier about Textbook Buying, The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 2013http://chronicle.com/article/Students-Get-Savvier-About/136827

Visual notes of John Yap announcement, Giulia Forsythe http://www.flickr.com/photos/gforsythe/8094691691/Used under Creative Commons attribution share-alike license

Goal: 40 free and open textbooks available for the highest enrolled 1st & 2nd year post-secondary subjects in BC.

Source: OpenStax College http://openstaxcollege.org/

June 2012160 school adoptions$2.3 million savings

Utah Open Textbook Project1 year pilot10 high school science teachers adapt CK12 textbooks2000 studentsCost US $4.99/book printed & delivered (US $80)

Result: 5.9% gain in standardized test scores

Internet Map World City to City connections by Chris Harrison

Working on the open web• Real. Authentic. It Matters.• Make connections possible

• Larger community• Experts in field

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Murder_Madness_and_Mayhem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa

“Jonathan Worth's classes live on blogs and on Twitter (hashtag #phonar), and are proving a popular resource amongst photography enthusiasts and professionals alike.”

“Worth can see comments from students both in the room and online via Twitter or Facebook in real time, as well as allowing others to drop in, or suggest links to relevant material. It's a fluid learning experience”

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-20495489

“Through my work with #phonar I have learnt the world is filled with lots of different people and we all think and learn differently. “

“The skills I have learned and developed from the open classes have given me the confidence in my work to distribute it and enter it into national and international competitions. “

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-20495489

Network Mentors

Help with a Bow Drill

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=JuFsDN8dsJU

Open Registration

+Open Educational Resources

+ Open Learning

=?

Open Registration

+Open Educational Resources

+ Open Learning

=Photo: THE MOOC! The movie by Gulia Forsythe used under CC-BY-NC license

cMOOC

xMOOC

cMOOC xMOOCOpen Access (Participation) InstructivistAutonomous (peer grading)Instructor as expert (Sage on Stage)

Proprietary resourcesClosed restricted platformLearner does not have access

Open Access (Participation)Connectivist/Social ConstructivistLearning Community Instructor as active participant

Open Educational ResourcesOpen platforms (the web)Learner has access

“All content or other materials available on the Sites, including but not limited to code, images, text, layouts, arrangements, displays, illustrations, audio and video clips, HTML files and other content are the property of Coursera and/or its affiliates or licensors and are protected by copyright, patent and/or other proprietary intellectual property rights under the United States and foreign laws”

But is this open? Coursera content….

https://www.coursera.org/about/terms

But is this open? Student content….

“With respect to User Content you submit or otherwise make available in connection with your use of the Site, and subject to the Privacy Policy, you grant Coursera and the Participating Institutions a fully transferable, worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free and non-exclusive license to use, distribute, sublicense, reproduce, modify, adapt, publicly perform and publicly display such User Content.”

https://www.coursera.org/about/terms

“You may not take any Online Course offered by Coursera or use any Statement of Accomplishment as part of any tuition-based or for-credit certification or program for any college, university, or other academic institution without the express written permission from Coursera. Such use of an Online Course or Statement of Accomplishment is a violation of these Terms of Use”

https://www.coursera.org/about/terms

Take the obsession with massive open online courses. In what sense are they open? Well, they are available online for free. But to celebrate this as a triumph of openness is premature. A more ambitious openness agenda would not just expand access to courses but also give users the ability to reuse, remix and repurpose their content. I could take somebody’s lecture notes, add a few paragraphs and distribute them further as part of my own course. This is not what most MOOCs currently offer: their terms of use often ban such repurposing.

Evgeny Morozov March, 2013, New York Times

Thank YouSlides at Clintlalonde.net

Released under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license