Interview Quest Final 1 Satyam

7/29/2019 Interview Quest Final 1 Satyam

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ABAP FAQ

SAP QUESTIONAIRE

1. Name the reports, interfaces, transactions, sap script programs written? Explain the

Functionality?

2. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program?Ans. = Declarative elements, Operational, control, events.

3. What are field symbols and field groups? Have you used “component idx of structure”clause with fields groups?Ans.: place holder for existing fields similar to fields point to point

Groups. : Common several fields under one Name.

4. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?Ans.: 1. Analysis the Data. 2. Generate SAP structure. 3. Develop transfer program

4. Create sequential file. 5. Create batch input program. 6. Process batch input data

5. What is the alternative to batch input session?Ans. : Call transaction & call dialog

6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it? (up to 3.1H)Ans.: Run the session by RSBDCSUB explicitly by providing batch input session name Go

to batch input, Double click on session name. It gives a pop up screen for run mode enter it

and run.

7. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input processdifferent from processing on line?Ans.: Sessions cannot be run in parallel and not fast.

8. Name as many SAP Transactions as possible you are familiar with?Ans. : SE38 - ABAP editor , SE80 – Object Browser , SE36 – logical databases

SE11 – ABAP data dictionary & SE16 SE37 – Function Module

9. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?Ans : Tables – Data Elements – Domains - Structure – Foreign Keys

10. How many types of tables exist and What are they in data dictionary?Ans : Transparent Tables - Pooled Tables – Cluster Tables

11. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?Ans : Create Domain – Create Data elements – Create fields – Create Tables

12. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database physically?Ans : Yes. (Tables in database have different structures, different names and total no. of

tables in oracle database is smaller than transparent tables)

13. What are the domains and data elements?Ans : domain describes Technical Characteristics of a table fields e.g. value range

Elements describe role played by a fields in technical contains e.g. Form of field text.

14. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?Ans : yes

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15. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?Ans: structure is used to define the construction of data produced when calculations are

carried out within programs or when data is transferred between programs. Contain data at

runtime only.

16. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?Ans: Fills the fields groups with values.

17. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?Ans: Collect – does not allow duplicate keys and append adds a line even if it exists

already.

18. What is open SQL v/s Native SQL?Ans : Native SQL – used to include SQL stmt of RDBMS in ABAP/4 programs

Open SQL - subset of standard SQL with enhancements that are specific to SAP.

19. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?Ans: it allows us to execute a SQL stmt relevant to a particular database attached to SAP.

It is not transparent. (disadvantage)

20. What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated with ABAP/4 Data dictionary?Ans: the Graphical programming environment. We can write ABAP/4 code, control access

to objects under development, create new or access predefined database information.

21. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?Ans: Interactive reports - At line selection – At user-command – At PF-status

Classical reports - Top of page – end of page – start of selection – end of selection.

22. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious different of such report compared withHTML type report?Ans : Features – Screen oriented – short basic lists – compressed data in basic list

Detailed information in secondary lists or windows.

23. What is drill down report?Ans: A list which you create by selecting on characteristic value of a report and which

contains detailed information about that value.

24. How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.Ans : using function < fname> function library : parameters , importing changing tablesexporting

…. Exceptions.End function

25. What are the exceptions in a function module?

Ans: error situations that can occur within function modules EXCEPTION - return codes.

26. What is a function group?Ans : A function group is the main program for the function modules it contains. Functions

that use the same data are normally assigned to the same function group.

27. How are the date and time fields values stored in SAP?Ans: As character fields of length 8 and 8 as NUMC.

28. What is a Julian date format?



ABAP FAQ

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29. Name a few data dictionary objects? Ans: Tables – Views – Structure – Domains – Data

elements – Match codes – Lock objects – type groups.

30. What happens when a table is activated in DD?-A table definition is generated - Map to the database system

-For each table, a table of the same name with the same fields and corresponding data type

is created in database. – Primary index is generated

automatically

31. What is a check table and what is a value table?- When we define a foreign key in a table (A). If this key refers to primary key of

another table (B). Table B is check table- Fields referring to a domain may assume values contained in the corresponding fields

of the value table. Field referring to the domain should have a foreign key

32. What are match codes? Describe.- Tool that helps us to search data records in the system.

33. What transactions do you use for data analysis?-

34. What is table maintenance generator?- used to maintain tables and providing authorization for particular objects

1. One step maintenance2. Two step maintenance

35. What are ranges? What are number ranges?- A range of numbers that can be laid down for assignment of document numbers.

• Internal

•

External

36. What are select options and what is the different from parameters?- Select options are used to select a range of values where as in Parameters only one

value can be given- Select option generates a line on selection screen, the first part of which contains a text,

followed by a range for input possibilities.

37. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initialvalues in a selection screen?- Validation - AT LINE SELECTION Screen event- Initial Values – by default statement in select options / parameters

38. What are selection texts?- Texts that appear on the selection screen for a particular field. Default – fields name.

39. What is CTS and What do you know about it? [ CTS is Correction and TransportSystems ]- Correction system manages the internal system components like objects like only

original version of the object exists. It stores all changes made to the object.- Transport system allows to transports the object from on SAP system to another

(Development system to Production system). It allows to over write or delete existing

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object in target system and import new objects to target systems.- During development work we start by opening a task (correction) to which we can

assign new and changed objects. Once changes have been made, transport new or

changed objects to other SAP system by means of transport (Change) request.

40. When a program is created and need to be transported to production does selection textsalways go with it? If no how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How doyou do it?

-

41. What is client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?- Client - A client is self contain unit in an R/3 system with separate master records in

common tables(MANDT).- Client independent – records and tables can be accessed from any client.

42. Are program clients dependent?- No

43. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP program?- SY-TEXT SY-TVARD SY-TVAR1 SY-TVAR2

44. What are internal tables? How do you get number of lines in an internal table? How to usea specific numbers occur statement?- Data structure that exists only at program runtime. Internal tables are one of two

structured data types in ABAP. They can contain any number of identically structuredrows, with or without a header line.

- Internal Tables are temporary tables which used to store values at run time no. of linesin Internal tables DESCRIBE TABLE ITAB LINES LIN.

- Use a Specific nos. OCCURS statement.

45. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?- Runtime Analysis

46. What are data sets?- Sequential files in ABAP.

47. How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?- SY-SUBRC

48. What are interface / Conversion programs in SAP?- BDC

49. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?- SAP supplied BDC programs – RM06BBI0 (Purchase requisitions)- RMDATIND (Material master) RFBIKR00 (Vendor Masters)- RFBIDE00 (Customer Master) RVINVB00 (Sales Order)

50. What are the Techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer towrite your own programs to load master data? Why?- Identify relevant fields- Maintain transfer structure ( Predefined – first one is always session record)- Session record structure , Header Data, Item ( STYPE – record type )- Fields in session structure – STYPE, GROUP , MANDT, USERNAME , NO DATA- Fields in header structure – consists of transaction code also – STYPE, BMM00,



ABAP FAQ

TCODE,MATNR and Fields in Item - ITEMS …- Maintain transfer file – sample data set creation- Transfer data by direct input.

51. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?Ans :- A Logical Database is a hierarchical structure of tables. Use the GET statement to process Logical Databases.

- LDB consists of logically related tables grouped together – used for reading and processing data.

- Advantages = 1. No need of programming for retrieval , meaning for data selection- 2. Easy to use standard user interface, have check completeness of user

input.- Disadvantages = 1. Fast in case of lesser no. of tables But if the table is in the lowest

level of hierarchy, all upper level tables should be read so performance is slower.

52. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report?- GET CURSOR - AT LINE SELECTION- AT USER COMMAND

- HIDE- SY-LISEL

53. What are different Tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?- ABAP QUERY

54. What are the Advantage and disadvantages of ABAP query tool?- Advantages = no lengthy code- Disadv. = Interactive lists drill reports are not possible and conditional reporting not

possible.

55. What are the functional areas? User groups? And how does ABAP/4 query work in relation

to these?- Functional areas = provide the user with a framework for defining a query quickly.- Select a logical database from application system.User groups = used to set up appropriate environment for the user or authorization for

using query. By creating fun. Areas and assigning them to user groups. System

administrator determines the range of reports the individual application depts. Or end users

can generate using ABAP query.

56. Is a logical database a requirement / must to write an abap/4 query?- Logical database is not a must for ABAP/4 query.

57. Have you created / maintained functional areas?- No.

58. What are Change header / detail tables? Have you used them?- The change header contains both fields that define and describe the change and

administrative data on the change master. The administrative data is updated by the system.

59. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?-Check no. of records already updated and delete them from input file and run BDC again.

60. What do you do with errors in BDC batch session?

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-Analysis and correct input file format and entries in internal table BDCDATA.

61. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are events driven batch jobs?- Create a job using function module JOB-OPEN- Collect the job specifications.- Add a job step to the job with the function module JOB-SUBMIT.- Close the job and pass it to Background processing system for execution with the

function module JOB-CLOSE- EVENT DRIVEN BATCH JOBS :-- Types = System events – triggered when activation of new operation mode takes place- User events - Triggered from ABAP/4 or external program.- Triggering an event notifies the background processing that named condition has been

reached. The Background system reacts by starting any jobs that were waiting for theevent.

Transaction codes related to background jobs creation and processing are :-SM36(Job creation)SM37(Job selection and execution).

62. Is It possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?

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63. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant Table for that?-NA.

64. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple Languages?- Yes

65. What is currency factoring technique?-NA.

66. How do you document ABAP/4 programs? Do you use program documentation menuoption?

Ans -Headings under which documentation is created are TITLE, PURPOSE,INTEGRATION, PREREQUISITES, FEATURES, SELECTION, STANDARDVARIANTS, OUTPUT, ACTIVITIES, EXAMPLE.-Yes.

67. What is sap script and layout set?Ans - SAPscript is the integrated text management system of the SAP R/3 System.SAPscript is tightly integrated into the SAP System. It is used for many different word- processing tasks all over the SAP System.- A layout set in SAPscript is used for page layout. The layout set contains various

elements, which are used for layout control of the individual pages and also contain layout

information for texts which are to be output on the individual pages.

68. What are the ABAP/4 Commands that link to a layout set?- Call function OPEN-form.- Call function WRITE-from.- Call function CLOSE-from

69. What is output determination?-



ABAP FAQ

70. What are IDOC’S (Intermediate Documents)?Ans -1. SAP standard format for electronic data interchange between systems. Differentmessage types (for example, delivery notes or purchase orders) usually have specificformats, the SAP IDoc types. However, several related message types can be assigned toone IDoc type. For example, the IDoc type ORDERS01 transfers the "logical" messagetype ORDERS (purchase orders) and ORDRSP (purchase order confirmation).- 2. Features of an IDoc type, that is a business message with IDoc format (for example theconfirmation XYZ).IDocs can be used in the following business scenarios:

♦ ALE: communication between logical systems. Logical systems can be R/3, R/2 or non-SAP system. ALE distribution models are based on message types that indicate theappropriate IDoc types.

♦ EDI: communication between an R/3 or R/2 system and a non-SAP system.

71. What are Screen Painters? Menu Painter? GUI Status? …etc- Screen Painters: - Arranging or creating elements of the screen.- Menu Painters: - Designing and creating menu bar.- GUI Status: - Interface between user and SAP program (PF STATUS).

72. What is screen flow logic? What are the selections in it? Explain PAI and PBO?Ans - Screen flow logic contains the procedural part of a screen. The screen flow logic islike an ABAP program in that it serves as a container for processing blocks. There are four event blocks, each of which is introduced with the screen keyword PROCESS:PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT....PROCESS AFTER INPUT....PROCESS ON HELP-REQUEST....PROCESS ON VALUE-REQUEST....

- Selections are performed in PAI.

- PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT (PBO) is automatically triggered after the PAI processing of the previous screen and before the current screen is displayed. You can program the PBO processing of the screen in this block. At the end of the PBO processing, the screen is displayed.

- PROCESS AFTER INPUT (PAI) is triggered when the user chooses a function on thescreen. You can program the PAI processing of the screen in this block. At the end of the PAI processing, the system either calls the next screen or carries on processing atthe point from which the screen was called.

- PROCESS ON HELP-REQUEST (POH) and PROCESS ON VALUE-REQUEST

(POV) are triggered when the user requests field help (F1) or possible values help (F4)

respectively. You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event

blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.

73. Overall how do you write transaction program in SAP?- Create the transaction using object browser (SE80)- Define the objects e.g. screen, Transactions. – Modules – PBO, PAI.

74. Does SAP has a GUI screen painter? If yes What operating systems is it available on?What is the other type of screen painter called?

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- Yes- On what OS is it available – Window based.- Other type of screen painter – alpha numeric screen painter.

75. What are step loops? How do you program page down page up in step loop?- Step loops: Method of displaying a set of records.- Page down & Page up: decrement / increment base counter - Index = base + sy-step1 – 1

76. Is ABAP a GUI language?- Yes

77. Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written?What is top XXXXXXTOP program?- Main program with A Includes- I ) TOP INCLUDE – GLOBAL DATA- II ) Include for PBO- III) Include for PAI- IV) include for Forms

78. What are Include Programs?

- Set of code which are included into the main program at runtime.

79. Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program?- Yes

80. What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precautions are needed?- User defined functionality included to predefined SAP standards. Point in an SAP

program where a customer's own program can be called. In contrast to customer exits,user exits allow developers to access and modify program components and data objectsin the standard system. On upgrade, each user exit must be checked to ensure that itconforms to the standard system.

♦ There are two types of user exit:

• User exits that use INCLUDEs.These are customer enhancements that are called directly in the program.

• User exits that use tables.These are used and managed using Customizing.- Should find the customer enhancements belonging to particular development class.

81. What are RFC’S? How do you write RFC on SAP side?Ans - weRemote Function Calls. RFC is an SAP interface protocol. Based on CPI-C, itconsiderably simplifies the programming of communication processes between systems.RFCs enable you to call and execute predefined functions in a remote system - or even inthe same system. RFCs manage the communication process, parameter transfer and error handling.

- Any ABAP program can call a remote function using the CALLFUNCTION...DESTINATION statement. The DESTINATION parameter tells the SAP

System that the called function runs in a system other than the caller's. RFC

communication with the remote system happens as part of the CALL FUNCTION

statement.

82. What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?- Start with Z or Y followed by Char or Nos.



ABAP FAQ

- 8 Letters long / 20 letters (4.0b onwards).

83. How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requirements?Ans- Get table command- Table name – where used list – logical database- Attribute

84. How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction heuses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structure?- Go to transaction. F1 and go to technical information.

85. How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP?- Go to dynamic menu, Give the search term i.e. transaction name- SAP std menu – ABAP/4 workbench – Development / utilities.

86. What are the Different Modules of SAP?- PP PM MM FI SD HR

87. What is IMG in SAP?- Implementation guide containing all IMG, activities arranged by business application

components.

88. How do you get help in ABAP?- Place cursor on required field and press F1 or H keyword in command mode.

89. What are different ABAP/4 Editors? What are the differences?- Command mode Editor (Not available in 4.6)- PC Mode with line numbering- PC Mode without Line numbering

90. What are different elements in layout sets?- Paragraphs- Character String- Page- Windows- Page Windows- Header Data

91. Can you use if then else, perform etc. statements in SAP Script?- YES.

92. What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data?- & Tables name- fields &.

93. How do you number pages in sap script layout outputs?- & page &- &next Page &

94. What takes most time in SAP script programming?- Defining layout set up / sets.

95. How do you use tab sets in layout sets?

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- Define paragraph with defined tabs.

96. How do you backup sap script layout sets? Can you download and upload? How?- SAP script backup :- In transaction SE71 goto Utilities -> Copy from client -> Give

source form name, source client (000 default), Target form name.- Download :- SE71, type form name -> Display -> Utilities -> form info -> List -> Save

to PC file.- Upload :- Create form with page, window, pagewindow with the help of downloaded

PC file. Text elements for Page windows to be copied from PC file.

97. What are presentation and application servers in SAP?-A presentation server is actually a program named Sapgui.exe. It is usually installed on auser’s workstation.- Application server is a set of executables that collectively interpret the ABAP/4 programs

and manage the input & output for them.

98. In an ABAP/4 program how do you access data that exists on a presentation server v/s onan application server?- For presentation server use UPLOAD or WS_UPLOAD function modules.- For application server use OPEN DATASET, READ DATASET and CLOSE

DATASET commands.

99. What are different data type in ABAP/4?-There are eight predefined types in ABAP with fixed length:Four character types:Character (C), Numeric character (N), Date (D), and Time (T).One hexadecimal type:Byte field (X).Three numeric types:Integer (I), Floating-point number (F) and Packed number (P).

Memory Management

1. How to use the new two-part roll area?- Some data must be held in roll area and must be rolled into and out of work processes.

Roll area must not drop below a minimum size. In two part roll area implementation, you

can limit amount of data in roll area before extended memory is used remaining portion of

roll area is used only if no further extended memory can be allocated to a user context.

DICTIONARY

1. What is a dictionary?- Dictionary contains Meta data or information for the data in data management system.- It supports redundancy free data storage and data integrity.

2. Primary Key – field or combination of fields used to uniquely identify a row of the table

3. Foreign Key - Combination of fields in a table acting as a primary key in another table.

4. Difference between structure and a Table ?Ans - Using tables, data can be stored permanently in Database, and Structures contain no

data.

5. Define Structures ?



ABAP FAQ

Ans - Structures are used for example in ABAP programs to define internal tables or to

define the type of the interface parameters of function modules.

6. Table attributes – Determine who is responsible for maintaining the table and which type of access is allowed for the table e.g.: Delivery class – table maintained by sap or customer.Table maintenance allowed – Table entries accessed using std table maintenance.Activation Type – Whether table can be activated directly from ABAP/4 dictionary or

whether the runtime object must first be generated by c program.

7. Database Utility – Interface between ABAP/4 Dictionary and the database.

8. Data Elements – Describe the role played by a field in technical context. Fields of same

semantic meaning refer same data elements.

9. Domain – describe technical characteristics of a table field. It specifies the value range,

which describes allowed values for a field.

10. Index – Copy of database table reduced to specific fieldsFunction – speed up scanning of table for data records satisfying a given search criteria.

11. Foreign key Table – Table which contains the foreign key. E.g. ZEMP table.

12. Check Table – Table which has foreign key of another table as its primary key e.g. DEPT.

13. Cardinality – N: M indicates how many dependent record or referenced records.

14. View :- used to summarize data distributed among different tables type of views

15. Types of Views – 1 Database – created in database (read only) – 2 Projection - used to suppress the display of table fields (all operations possible) – 3 Help views – Display information in online help system

- 4 Maintenance views – used to realize commercially relevant views on datacustomizing vies business oriented approach to looking at data

16. Views that cannot be used to create new views- Structure views – used to generate a structure from several logically connected tables- Entity views – used to represent entity type of Data Modular on tables of ABAP/4

dictionary

17. Maintain Status – Determine if records can only be read or if it is also possible to change

them.

18. Match codes – tool to help you search for data records in the system

19. Match codes object – describes the set of all possible search paths for the search term.

20. Match codes Id – describes a special search path for a search term.

21. Match codes- fields from several tables- built on the basis of transparent tables, clusters and pools- restricted by stipulating selection conditions- use as entry aids

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Database index- fields from only table

22. Lock Objects – simultaneous access of records by two users synchronized by lock objects.

23. Activation – During activation, the runtime object of aggregate object or tables is created.The runtime object is buffered so that the application program can access it quickly.Runtime object has information about the following objects of table

- domain – data elements – field definition – table definition

24. Time stamp – whenever the table is activated, a time stamp is created and stored activationof table in ABAP/4 dictionary affects time stamp of all reports using it. When the programis called we can determine whether to execute it or regenerate it by comparing the timestampsType of stamp – CRSTAMP – most recent activation of table- ABSTAMP – comparison of reports- DYSTAMP – comparison with screens.

25. Runtime object – of a table collects the information about the data elements, domain field

definition in a form optimal for program access. It is created when the table is generated for

first time.

26. Mass activation program – Activate large sets of objects Simultaneously.ADV – 1 – large no of tables are affected by the change of domains or data elements at atime, so reactivated only once.2 – related objects and its associated value table could be activated together else we shouldmaintain sequence correctly.Activation Procedure – Step 1 – internal and external characteristics check (naming convention. Relation betweencheck table and value table.Step 2 – partially active objects are checked whether external characteristics are arranged

in order

27. Changing the structure – deleting the table in database. Activate the revised table in thedictionary. Table in database is created. Data in table is lost.Changing the database catalog by ALTER TABLE. Data is preserved indexes – recreated.Converting of tables – original table is renamed and temporarily buffered, revised table is

activated in ABAP/4 dictionary and created in database Data from temporary table is

reconstructed.

28. Conversion procedure – - 1 Generating a program- 2 Renaming the database table Prefix of QCM is added to table name- 3 Activating revised version- 4 reloading data

- 5 secondary index- we need at least 16 MB RAM for conversion

29. Lock Mechanism – prevents a new database operation being started an existing one has been correctly completed. When conversion is done, lock is created automatically andreleased only when conversion is successful.Clearing of locks – restart adjustment – attempt is made to continue conversion at the point of termination



ABAP FAQ

– Cancel adjustment – lock entry is simply deleted from table

30. Restart log – progress of each step of conversion is noted in restart log,

31. Adjust structures – - A – structured adjustment is activated by changing database catalog- U – structured adjustment is activated by converting tables

32. Type of versions – - Versions in ABAP Dictionary – active or partially active / revised- Temporary versions- Historical versions

33. Type of status- New – newly created , not activated- Activated – activated version of object used by other components during runtime- Partially active – not yet been fully activated- Revised – version changed after activation, but not yet re-activated- Deactivated – match code Id is not proposed for selection by F4 help function

34. Version Management functions – - Canceling changes – reset revised version to active version- Storing changes – active version will be temporarily stored in version- Switching changes – switch between active and revised versions

35. Version catalog – list of all existing versions of an object- Revised version – produced when we edit an existing object- Active version – produced when we activate an object- Temporary version – produced when we copy the active version temporarily to the

database with store version functions- Historical versions – created when 1. Correction is created 2 correction is released

36. Function provided- Display old versions- Retrieving historical or temporary versions- Comparing versions in same system- Comparing versions in different systems

37. Buffering – created locally on application server, changes in buffer are loaded in log table.Synchronization mechanism runs (1 –2 min) log table is read and buffer contents changed by other servers are invalid.Synchronization of all buffers in application servers is by asynchronous procedure

38. Tables that can be buffered – transparent and pooled tables

39. Possible buffering types- full buffering – either, whole table or none of the table is located in the buffer (Tables

up to 30 kb done in client dependent fully buffered tables)- Generic buffering – generic areas of the table are fully buffered.- - Generic key – left justified section of primary key of a table.- - generic area – all records for which fields of generic key correspond- Single record buffering – records actually being accessed are loaded to buffers, large

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records where few records are accessed.

40. When to reset a buffer?A) If consistencies occurred between the buffer contents and the database.

41. What is Database Utility?A) Interface between ABAP/4 dictionary and relational database in SAP system. It allows

to create, delete and convert objects from ABAP/4 dictionary in the database.

42. Processing types :-Direct – Changes carried out immediately.Background – background job is scheduled.Enter mass processing - entries are generated with relevant function in system table

TBATG.

43. Repository Information System: - tool that makes data stored in ABAP/4 dictionaryavailable.Find - search for objects from a specific object class that meets certain search criteria.Where-used list: -used to determine the use of an object in other objects.

44. Layers for data and data descriptions:

• External layer – plane at which user sees and interacts with the data

• ABAP/4 layer – data formats used by ABAP/4 processor.

• Database layer – data formats used in the database.

45. Table spaces and extents: -

• Table space - physical storage area in the database.

• Database – determines in which table space the table is stored when it is created in thedatabase.

• Size category – describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.

46. Transport system: -

• Allows you to transport changes made to a particular development object.

• Allows transporting objects from one SAP sys to another.

47. Table pool: - used to combine several logical tables in ABAP/4 dictionary, created for each

match code object.

48. Table clusters: -

• Combine several logical tables in ABAP/4 dictionary. Several logical rows fromdifferent cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record.

• Used to store control data, temporary data or texts e.g. documentation.

49. Work bench organiser: - provides assistance for organizing development projects by

allowing you to distribute project work for individual developers or teams among different

change requests.

50. Request: - Objects from the areas of customizing and ABAP/4 development workbench are

managed and recorded in separate requests.

51. Request overview: - When we start the workbench organizer, we are presented with a

request overview that shows all change requests available and allows us to access several



ABAP FAQ

levels of detail, right down to the level of the object list itself.

52. Task: - Developments, correction and repairs recorded in tasks.

53. Change request: - Tasks are transported using change requests.

54. Development class: - Indicates which area the object belongs to. (Set of repository objects,

which are mutually different.)

55. Production system: - Development projects are carried out here.

56. Transport log: - Enables you to immediately find out which objects were transported, by

whom and why.

57. Transport system: -Used for moving objects from SAP development system to production

system or between different systems.

58. System types: -

Development system (development work).

Quality assurance system: - Development and customizing settings are tested here.

Production system: - After successful testing, cust. Setting released here.

Training or demo systems: - For presentation of completed developments.

Relationship between system types.

Special development Integration ConsolidationRecipient

System ⇔ System ⇒ System ⇒

SystemTransports of Transportable AutomaticOriginals change requests Delivery

59. Special development system: - used for programming critical paths of development

projects.

60. Integration system: - developing applications and testing systems.

61. Consolidated (production) system: - receives transports from integration system. It contains

released versions.

62. Recipient system: - receive transportable change requests as soon as they are imported

successfully into consolidation system.

63. Transport layer: - describes the transport route for distributing the developer class objects

among various systems in the group. All development classes are distributed via same route

belong to same transport layer.

64. Correction system: - prevents parallel, uncoordinated changes to the same object, even if

many copies of the objects exists, connected by SAP system. It saves all changes to

repository and customizing objects in original system on a version database. It is activated

each time the user edits Repository object.

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65. Request category: -

CUST – client-specific customizing.

SYST – SAP Repository and customizing for all clients.

66. Request Types: -

Transport request – List of objects to be transported.

Repair request – List of changed objects, which are not original.

Local change request – List of local objects.

Correction request – List of all changed original objects.

Object list – List of all transport objects.

Customizing request – List of all changed client specific-customizing objects.

67. Request source client: - Client in which requests and all assigned tasks are edited.

68. Request target client: - Client where request is imported.

69. Private object: - Exempt from the correction system.

70. Local object: - Exempt from both correction and transport systems.

71. Restrictions on transport system: - Cannot overwrite, add to or delete original objects that are under repairs.

Can transport to consolidation system only with transport type K.

Can transport to recipient systems only from consolidation system to which recipient

systems have subscribed.

72. Protecting a Transport Request: - Lock the objects listed in requests so prevents users from

correcting it.

73. Task & Request Status: -

DOCUMENT – still editing a task or request and have not protected or released yet(not locked).

LOCKED – shows that you have tried to lock a task or request, but not all objects arelocked.

LOCKED ALL – objects in task or transport layer-locked successfully.

RELEASED – task or request released.

OPEN – released but not yet transported.

74. Tables associated with CTS: -

TSYST – list of available systems.

DEVL – ABAP/4 Development Workbench transport layers.

TWSYS – consolidation routes for change requests.

TASYS – recipient system.

Memory

1. SAP memory (Global Memory): - is available to a user during the entire duration of a

terminal session. Its contents are retained across transaction boundaries as well as external

and internal sessions.

2. External session: - when user logs on to R/3 system, the system creates a new terminal

session called external session. E.g. System à Create Session.



ABAP FAQ

3. Internal session: - created by calling a transaction (with CALL TRANSACTION), a dialog

module (with CALL DIALOG) or a report (with SUBMIT or RETURN).

4. For external session: - internal sessions are allowed.

5. Roll area: - Data areas of used programs are created in roll areas for each internal session.

6. Posting data between internal sessions: - EXPORT TO MEMORY and IMPORT FROMMEMORY.

7. Main program group: - Created when exporting an internal session.

8. Additional program group: - If a function module belonging to a function group not so far

loaded, additional program group is created.

9. Main program: - First program of program group.

10. Subroutine call: - When external subroutine is called, system loads the relevant program

and adds it to the program group of calling program.

11. Work areas: - Both table & common workareas with the same name are created once for

each program group and then shared by all programs in the group.

12. List system: - Consists of basic list and all details list belonging to basic list assigned to

exactly one screen level.

13. User interface: - Only program has its own user interface. Internal sessions interface is

initially empty. Special user interface has to be activated using SET PF-STATUS

statement.

14. ABAP/4 memory: - Retained only during the lifetime of an external session.

15. Data cluster: - Group of several data objects.

16. Data objects: - Units of data, which a program processes at runtime.

1. What is ABAP?Ans :- Advanced Business Application Programming is a 4th generation programming

language created by SAP for the interactive development of application programs.

2. What is ABAP/4 Development workbench?Ans :- An SAP CASE tool to develop standard application software or your own

application software that can process both tables and your own tables.

3. Describe interactive reporting?Ans :-

♦ Interactive reporting is a totally screen-orientated evaluation technique.

♦ >From a highly aggregated form the user can select detailed information for therequired items using the menu and function keys. Such information could, for example, be:

- subitems of totals items.

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- company shares.- comparison values for user-defined comparison periods.- standardizing and consolidation entries .

4. What are the functions in the editor command line?Press F1 or F4Examples include:I(nsert)-Insert new lines at end of text

FIND string -Multiple text search N(ext)string-On/Off text searchR(eplace)string 1 string 2 -Replace String 1 by String 2IC abc –Insert StructurePP-Call Pretty Printer Etc…

5. What are chain statements?Ans :- A way to join together successive statements starting the same wayExample: WRITE:/ 'xyz', X, COUNTER.

6. Correct the syntax: data: wf_name(25) type C,wf_age(3) type C,

Move myname to wf_nameAnswer: data: wf_name (25) type C.

wf_ age (3) type n.move 'myname' to wf_name.

7. What is program attributes type?Ans :- Executable program, INCLUDE program, Module pool, Function group, Subroutine

pool, Interface pool, Class pool.

8. What is the program application field used for?Ans :- This field is used to select the module in SAP to which the program belongs.

9. What is the syntax of the WRITE statement?Ans :- WRITE <format> <value><options>

Format = 3D/p(l)/- line feedp-column positionl-output lengthvalue=3D output value field or literaloptions-format optionsExample: Write: /5(3)'CAPPY'.output starting at position 5 3D CAP

10. Where are text elements maintained?

Ans :- ABAP/4 >>Development>>Text Elements>>(headers, columns titles etc.)SE38 >> Text Elements >> (headers, column, titles etc.)

11. What functions do the ULINE and SKIP commands serve?Ans :- ULINE- ULINE statement creates a line feed first and then draws horizontal line.

SKIP-generates a blank line.

12. What are the data types within SAP?Ans :- P-Packed number



ABAP FAQ

I-Integer F-Floating point number N-Numeric textC-TextD-DateT-Time

X-Hexadecimal.

13. What purpose does LIKE serving?Ans :- To define variables that are similar to those you previously defined or those thatexist in theData Dictionary.

14. What is the syntax of the COMPUTE statement?Ans :- COMPUTE X=3D A + B (COMPUTE is optional.)

15. How is the PARAMETERS statement defined? What does it do?Ans :- PARAMETERS : PAR1 TYPE P,

PAR2 DEFAULT 'X'.

Allows a selection screen to appear for user-input when report is executed.

16. How do the field-symbol and assign statements work with each other?Ans :- Field-symbol statement inherits technical attributes of data objects.

- Assign statement assigns attributes of ITAB to FS.

17. Name 3 ways to activate the debugger.Ans :- Via menu navigation.

Set breakpoints in the program.Type '/h' in the command field when executing the program.

18. Describe the functions of the debugger screen.Ans :-

- Single step(F5) - Use this option to step through the program statement by statement.This allows you to branch into subroutines and function modules, and to execute theseroutines step by step as well. Once a subroutine or function module has been processed, control returns to the statement following the CALL FUNCTION or PERFORM statement.

- Execute(F6)- Use this option to process a program line by line. All of the statementson the current line are processed in a single step. If you are positioned on a line thatcalls a subroutine and you choose Execute, the Debugger processes the wholesubroutine and then moves on to the line following the subroutine call. This allows youto jump through the statements within the subroutine.

- Return(F7) - The Debugger returns from a routine to the point at which controlreturns to the main program. Use this option to return from a subroutine, function

module, or called program to the calling program.- Continue(F8)- Use this option to process the program up to the next dynamic or static

breakpoint or up to the cursor position. If there are no more breakpoints in the programand no cursor has been set, the system exits debugging mode and executes the rest of the program normally.

- Table - Display the contents of internal tables.

19. What is the basic format of the SELECT statement?Select * from <table-name> where <logical expression>

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EX:SELECT * from TABNAWHERE COUNTRY=3D 'USA'

20. How do you limit the data retrieved by a SELECT statement?Ans :- WHERE clause.

21. Where and where do you use a goto command?Ans :- NEVER.

22. Are the following logical expressions true or false?T a) value1 LT value3T b) value3 > value1T c) value2 between value1 and value 3F d) value2 LE value1T e) value3 <> value1F f) value3 CS '+5'T g) value2 CA '0A9GB'

**NOTE wildcards +,*, # only work with CP

23. What is the output of the following:Given TABA:

Country CityA NewYorkNewsA JohannesvilleA MartinMariettaA RockvilleB LittletonB Sr.Charles

Ans :- PROGRAM ProgramTABLES: TABA.

SELECT * FROM TABA.ON CHANGE OF TABA-COUNTRY.WRITE: /TABA-COUNTRY, TABA_CITY.

ENDON.ENDSELECT.

B Littleton.

24. What do CHECK, EXITS do in a program?- CHECK<logical expression> terminates the current loop or subroutine if logical

expression is not fulfilled;Outside of a loop structure , subsequent statements in thecurrent processing block are not executed (Syntax CHECK FLAG NE SPACE)

- EXIT-terminates the current loop or subroutine; outside of a loop structure, subsequent

statements in the current processing block are not executed.

25. What is the difference between a field string and an internal table?

Ans :- The declaration of an internal table includes an OCCURS parameter (the number of entries in the main storage roll area)field string-corresponds to one recordinternal table-corresponds to many records

26. T or F: Move corresponding is an effective way to move fields with like names from a DBtable record to an internal table header line?Ans :- T.



ABAP FAQ

27. T or F: An append will add a record to a database table?Ans :- (F).You can only append to an internal table.

28. What is the effect of an include structure statement?Ans :- Allows you to quickly declare field strings and /or internal tables that are similar in

structure to R/3 Repository Tables defined in the Data Dictionary.

29. T or F:The COLLECT statement will total up all P,I,F fields in database tableAns :- If non-numeric entries in the header line match those in the internal table,

COLLECT will add all numeric entries in the internal table header line to table entries

where match was found. When no match is found the contents of the header line is added to

the end of the table as a new line.

30. T or F: The SELECT statement allows the processing in internal table.Ans :- (F).Use the LOOP AT … ENDLOOP instead.

31. T or F: The LOOP at command allows you to use the where clause.Ans :- (T). If there is no table entry satisfying the 'where' logical expression ,the loop

cannot be executed and the system field SY_SUBRC is set to a value not equal to zero .In

any case the entire table is read.

32. T or F: The read table command using the key clause is similar to the select single.Ans :- (T). Yes in that they both return only one entry from table But the READ is

associated with an internal table and SELECT is associated with a database table.

33. How does the READ with KEY statement work?Ans :- READ TABLE <tab> WITH KEY <'string' or FIELD-NAME>

The search argument is compared character by character with the start of the 'tab'

internal table lines and returns one entry that matches

34. What field within the SY table contains the table index/

Ans :- The SY_TABIX system field holds the index value of the table line which has been placed in the header line of an internal table.

35. T or F: An internal table can be deleted, modified, or inserted without the use of an index?Ans :- (T).Within a LOOP you can make changes to an internal table. The line affected is

always the current line. If you don’t use the LOOP command an index must be used to

change and internal table.

36. What does the CLEAR and REFRESH commands do?Ans :- CLEAR : Initializes the header line

REFRESH : Deletes all table lines .Paging is released does not clear the header FREE : Deletes all table lines ,Memory is released does not clear the header

**CLEAR and REFRESH are typically used together.

37. Why would you use describe table command?Ans :- To gather information about an internal table (i.e. OCCURS value ,LINES existing

table entries).

38. What are the subroutines used for?Ans :- Subroutines are used in two different ways;

1) Subroutines and its call are in the same ABAP/4 program(internal call )

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2) The subroutine is an external program.

39. When should you use an include versus a perform versus a function module?Ans :- All are modularization techniques but typically the INCLUDE is for data structures,

the PERFORM is for ABAP/4 subroutines and function modules are for non-ABAP/4

subroutines.

40. What is the difference between internal and external calls?

Ans :- INTERNAL-within program.EXTERNAL-outside program.

41. Explain pass by value, reference and changing value?Ans :- By Value:When the subroutine is called ,the formal parameters are copies of theactual parameters(with their own storage location)

By Value and Result : the formal parameters have a separate storage location .At theend of subroutine the value of the formal parameter is passed to the storage location of theactual parameter Assigned

By Reference: when called the formal parameters are not allocated separate storage

locations. Instead the address of the actual parameter is passed. Changes to the values of

the formal parameters therefore have a direct effect on the assigned main program fields.

42. What is the syntax of perform, include and function modules?Perform:PERFORM <name> USING <a1> <a2> <a3> <a4>FORM <name > [TABLES <table name>] USING VALUE (<f1>) CHANGING VALUE(<f2>)Include:INCLUDE <name>Function modules:CALL FUNCTION ‘function name’

EXPORTING …

IMPORTING …

43. How is data passed to a function module?Ans :- Using the EXPORTING clause.

44. What are exceptions?Ans :- The EXCEPTIONS parameter is a section in the CALL FUNCTION statement

where exceptional situations can be processed.

45. How are they called and handled in the code?CALL FUNCTION ‘function name’

EXPORTING…IMPORTING…

EXCEPTIONS NOT_FOUND = 3D1NOT_VALID = 3D2OTHERS = 3D3

CASE SY-SUBRCWHEN 1WHEN 2

46. How can internal tables be passed to forms and function modules?Ans :- Internal tables are passed by reference in function modules and forms.



ABAP FAQ

(For PERFORM –FORM statements use the TABLES parameter.)Valid for old

version only.

47. What is global Vs local data?Ans :- Local data – data relevant only within a subroutine

Global data – data relevant within the entire program.

48. What is ABAP workbench?Ans :- Integrated graphical development environment of the R/3 System.The ABAP Workbench allows you to develop, maintain, and manage client/ server applications written in ABAP.You can use the tools of the ABAP Workbench to:

• Write ABAP code

• Design screens

• Create user interfaces

• Test applications for efficiency

• Check applications for errors

• Use predefined functions

• Access development objects• Access database information

49. What are three the three categories of DATA in the SAPAns :-

• Master Data – changes relatively rarely

• Transaction Data – kept for only a limited time in the system together with anyassociated index tables.

• System-specific Data – data, texts, ABAP/4 programs and so on.

50. What are the table types in SAP?Ans :- Three types :-

• Transparent table :- In DDIC has one-to-one relationship with a table in the database.For each TT definition in the dictionary, there is one associated table in database withsame no. of fields.

• Pooled table :- In R/3 has many-to-one relationship in the database. The table indatabase has a different name and fields than the tables in DDIC.

• Cluster table :- A cluster is similar to table pool. It holds tables within it. Table clusters

contain fewer tables than table pools and unlike table pools, the primary key of each

table within the table cluster begins with the same field or fields. Cluster table are

combined into a single row in the table cluster based on primary key.

51. What event is executed when START OF SELECTION event exits?Ans :- The statement END-OF-SELECTION is executed. This is different from STOP

statement, which terminates report processing all together .

52. How is the GET LATE command utilized?Ans : - It occurs when all subordinate segments have been processed and before the system

requests the next table entry of the same table (hierarchy)

53. How do you use the STOP command?Ans :- The STOP is specified within the processing block END-OF-SELECTION, report

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processing is terminated immediately and the list is displayed.

54. Explain the select-options statement.Ans :- It generates a line on the selection screen, the first part of which contains a text,followed by a range for the input possibilities. Parameter name specified in select optionsdefines as Internal table with same name having structure(seltab) as follows :-Sign,option,low,high. Syntex -SELECT-OPTIONS <seltab> FOR <f>.

55. What is the syntax to declare default values?Ans : - SELECT-OPTIONS

Variable_name FOR table_ element DEFAULT ‘range’ TO ‘range’

56. Does SELECT statement perform an authorization check?Ans :- SELECT statement does not carry out any authorization checks.

57. Why is it important to know this?Ans :- To remind the programmer that he/she should do this checks.

58. What are the attributes associated with SAPSQL?Ans :- SAP-SQL has the following attributes:

1) SAP-SQL syntax corresponds to that of standard SQL’s2) SAP-SQL is a subset of standard SQL3) SAP-SQL contains SAP short forms.

59. The most important thing to remember about the SELECT SINGLE is?There are several things to remember:1) It retrieves only one row2) It does not need an ENDSELECT statement3) THE FULL KEY OF THE TABLE MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE WHERE

CLAUSE OF THE SELECT STATEMENT

60. How do the BETWEEN, LIKE and IN comparisons work?

Ans :- BETWEEN <f1> AND <f2> is inclusiveLIKE <with ‘%’ and ‘_’ masked literal> - string and character wild charactersIN (<field1> , <field2> , ……. ,<field3>)

61. Can Meta Characters be used in a where clause?Ans :- Meta characters are wild characters , i.e. ‘%’, and ‘_’ Yes they can be used in where

clause

62. How do the command RANGES work?Ans :- It is similar to the DATA statement for an internal table with the columns ,SIGN,OPTIONLOW and HIGH (It replaces the need to define a data structure with above statement)

63. Can you select a database record and place it directly into an internal table?Ans :- Yes, using the SELECT * from tablename INTO TABLE itab.

64. Describe the syntax and function of the AUTHORITY CHECK command?Ans :- AUTHORITY – CHECK OBJECT <object name>

ID <name1> FIELD <f1>ID <name2> FIELD <f2>

…IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.



ABAP FAQ

The AUTHORITY-CHECK checks whether a user has the appropriate authorization to

execute a particular activity. 65. How does the MESSAGE statement work?

Ans :- Displays a message at the lower right-hand corner of the screen instead of a user note with WRITE.

MESSAGE-ID <class>A message has a class, id and Qualifier

66. What is Data cluster?Ans :- Grouping of complex internal data objects from an ABAP program.It is divided

according to various points of view into work areas comprising data clusters.

67. Explain the EXPORT and IMPORT commands? How can you pass more than one group of data by using IMPORT commands?Ans :-EXPORT :-

To read data objects from an ABAP program into ABAP memory, use the followingstatement:

SyntaxEXPORT <f1> [FROM <g 1>] <f 2> [FROM <g 2>] ... TO MEMORY ID <key>.

This statement stores the data objects specified in the list as a cluster in memory. If you donot use the option FROM <f i >, the data object <f i > is saved under its own name. If youuse the FROM <g i > option, the data objet <g i > is saved under the name <f i >. The name<key> identifies the cluster in memory. It may be up to 32 characters long.The EXPORT statement always completely overwrites the contents of any existing datacluster with the same name <key>.IMPORT :-

To read data objects from ABAP memory into an ABAP program, use the followingstatement:

SyntaxIMPORT <f1> [TO <g 1>] <f 2> [TO <g 2>] ... FROM MEMORY ID <key>.

This statement reads the data objects specified in the list from a cluster in memory. If youdo not use the TO <g i > option, the data object <f i > in memory is assigned to the dataobject in the program with the same name. If you do use the option, the data object <f i > isread from memory into the field <g i >. The name <key> identifies the cluster in memory.It may be up to 32 characters long.You do not have to read all of the objects stored under a particular name <key>. You can

restrict the number of objects by specifying their names. If the memory does not contain

any objects under the name <key>, SY-SUBRC is set to 4. If, on the other hand, there is a

data cluster in memory with the name <key>, SY-SUBRC is always 0, regardless of

whether it contained the data object <f i >. If the cluster does not contain the data object <f

i >, the target field remains unchanged.

68. What is an event? And how (in what order) do they get processed in SAP?Ans :- An action within the SAP system beginning with a key word that introduces a new

processing block.

69. Describe the activities of the TOP-OF-PAGE event.

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Ans :- If you want to improve layout of the report output, you can use the keywords TOP-

OF-PAGE and END-OF-PAGE, HEADING.

70. How many detail lists can exist on top of the originally generated list? How can you keeptrack of the number of lists?Ans :- Nine detail lists can exist in 3.1h and 19 in 4.6. The system field SY-LSIND

contains the index of the list, which is currently being generated by the report.

71. What is contained in the field SY-LISEL? How and when is it loaded?Ans :- You often want to select a line in the current list and have additional information

displayed interactively for this line .For this purpose, you need to provide the appropriate

data for the selected line. The selected line is automatically transported to SY-LISEL.

72. Explain the HIDE command.Ans :- The HIDE statement is one of the fundamental statements for interactive reporting.

You use the HIDE technique when creating a basic list. It defines the information that can

be passed to subsequent detail lists.

73. What is the syntax to call a specific status, titlebar?Ans :- Place the cursor on the status name with the statement SET PF-STATUS <status>

and double click or press F2 (similar for SET TITLEBAR <code>.

74. How does the system interpret pull down menu’s push buttons, PF-keys etc in the ABAP/4code? Ans :- OK-code

A GUI interface is associated with an ABAP/4 program. The different GUI interfacesare classified according to their status .You can assign menus to each status:

- function key menu for defining the function key- Pushbutton menu for defining the pushbutton sequence- Menu bar for defining the pull-own menus.

75. What are the components of the status or menu?Ans :- Pushbuttons, menu lists, function keys and OK codes.

76. What are the advantages of using AT USER-COMMAND (SY-UCOMM) Vs AT PF-KEY?

- A function can be assigned to another function key without programchange required

- If a function key can be used in different lists or list levels you assignspecific function texts to the different status of this key

- An event triggered by a command Vs a pf-key

Explain the READ LINE and MODIFY LINE commands.Ans :-READ LINE :- Use the statements READ LINE and READ CURRENT LINE to read data

from the lines of existing list levels. These statements are closely connected to the HIDEtechnique.MODIFY LINE :- To modify the lines of a completed list from within the program, use the

MODIFY LINE statement.

77. What does a command window do?Ans :- Allows you to enter commands, such as transaction codes.

78. Do you know the syntax of the SCROLL functions?



ABAP FAQ

Ans :- You can scroll in a detail list using the SCROLL statement. From within the

program, you can scroll through lists vertically and horizontally. Scrolling from within the

program makes sense, for example, if you want to scroll to certain pages as a reaction to

user input.

79. Explain the GET CURSOR command?

Ans :-GET CURSOR FIELD <f> [OFFSET <off>][LINE <lin>][VALUE <val>][LENGTH <len>].This statement transfers the name of the screen element on which the cursor is positioned

during a user action into the variable <f>. If the cursor is on a field, the system sets SY-

SUBRC to 0, otherwise to 4.

80. What are the differences between calling a program, transaction ‘with return’ and ‘withoutreturn’ and how can each be accomplished?Ans :-

• Program-SUBMIT <rep>|(<field>) [AND RETURN] [<options>].If you use AND RETURN, the system stores the data of the calling executable programand returns to the calling after processing the called program. The system resumesexecuting the calling program at the statement following the call.If you omit the AND RETURN addition, all data and list levels of the calling program (theentire internal session) are deleted. After the called executable program has finished,control returns to the level from which you started the calling program.

• Transaction-CALL TRANSACTION <tcod> [AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN] [USING <itab>].This statement saves the data of the calling program, and starts transaction <tcod>. At the

end of the transaction, the system returns to the statement following the call in the callingreport.-LEAVE TO TRANSACTION <tcod> [AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN].This statement ends the calling program and starts transaction <tcod>. This deletes the call

stack (internal sessions) of all previous programs. At the end of the transaction, the system

returns to the area menu from which the original program in the call stack was started.

81. What are the differences between the parameter SET and GET?Ans :-SET PARAMETER ID <pid> FIELD <f>.This statement saves the contents of field <f> under the ID <pid> in the SAP memory. Thecode <pid> can be up to 20 characters long. If there was already a value stored under

<pid>, this statement overwrites it. If the ID <pid> does not exist, double-click <pid> in theABAP Editor to create a new parameter object.GET PARAMETER ID <pid> FIELD <f>.This statement fills the value stored under the ID <pid> into the variable <f>. If the system

does not find a value for <pid> in the SAP memory, it sets SY-SUBRC to 4, otherwise to 0.

82. How can you exit out of a submitted program and return to the original program?Ans :- SUBMIT <rep>|(<field>) [AND RETURN] [<options>].

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83. How the spool list is used?

Ans :- To list jobs during the scheduling process.

84. Can data be transferred from one job step of background job to another?Ans :- You can use ABAP/4 global memory to pass on the contents of fields, records, and

internal tables to subsequent steps, IMPORT/EXPORT statements.

85. What are the function modules for generating jobs?

Ans :- JOB_OPEN , JOB_CLOSE , JOB_SUBMIT.

86. WHAT are the commands that allow you to process sequential file? And what is their syntax?Ans :-

• READ DATASET (reading) and TRANSFER (writing)

• OPEN DTASET <dataset name> for <input output appending> in <binary text > modeat POSITION <position> MESSAGE <field>

• READ DATASET <dataset name > INTO <field>

• CLOSE DATASET <dataset name>

• DELETE DATASET <dataset name>

• TRANSFER <field> to <dataset name>

87. What is the process for transferring data from legacy system to SAP?

Ans :- FTP file transfer, Manufacturer –specific field transfer NFS(network file

system)/BDC.

88. What is the difference between opening a dataset for input, output, appending?Ans :-

• FOR OUTPUTOpens the file for writing if exists it is overwritten if not then it is created.

• FOR INPUTOpens an existing file for reading.

• FOR APPENDINGOpens the file for writing at the end of the file .If it does not exist, it is created, if

opened, you return to the end.

89. What is binary mode?Ans :- The content of the data is not interpreted by the reading and writing operations. Data

are entered or displayed directly. Does not interpret carriage returns.

90. Explain the process to transfer a record to a dataset?Ans :- TRANSFER <field> to <dataset name>.

91. Why batch input?Ans :- To input a large amount of information at off peak times.

92. Can data be put directly into the database?Ans :- No, only after the data has been entered via transaction.

93. Explain at high level, the batch input process?Ans :- Batch data is placed into queues called batch input sessions , then placed into the

application programs for maintenance into the database.

94. What are the function modules associated with batch input?



ABAP FAQ

Ans :- BDC_OPEN_GROUP , BDC_CLOSE_GROUP , BDC_INSERT

95. What is the structure of the BDC table?Ans :- Program/Dynpro/start/field name/ field content.

96. How do you find the transaction number, program number and field names?Ans :-

• Transaction no.,program no. – System -> status• Field names - F1, Technical help

97. Write out a coding example for filling a BDC Table.Ans :-FORM <NAME>REFEESH <bdc table>CLEAR <bdc table>MOVE <program name > to <bdc table>-PROGRAM<number1> TO <bdc table>-DYNPRO‘X’ TO <bdc table>-DYNBEGINAPPEND <bdc table>

CLEAR <bdc table>MOVE: <field1> TO <bdc table>-FNAM<field2> TO <bdc table>-FVALAPPEND <bdc table>

98. What are the processing modes for Batch Input?Ans :- Process on screen(foreground) , Display errors only and process in the background

99. What are the available OK Codes that can be utilized during batch input processing?Ans :-

• /n – terminates current batch input transaction and marks as incorrect.

• /bdel – delete current batch input transaction from session.

• /bend – terminate batch input processing and mark session as incorrect.• /bda – change display mode to process the session on screen instead of displaying only

errors.

• /bde – change display mode to display only errors instead of processing the session on

the screen.

100.

What is the effect of the BDC_CURSOR field name in the BDC table?Ans :- You can set the cursor and enter as a corresponding field value the name of the field

on which the cursor is to be positioned .

Dialog Program

1. Where is processing logic located in an on-line program?Ans :- ABAP/4 program (module pool)

2. Describe the online processor. What is its function?Ans :- Controls the flow of online program.

3. How are screen names defined? Do you create a screen first or define your program first?Ans :- Define the program first and then create a screen.

4. What does PBO stands for? When is the PBO logic performed?

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Ans :- PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT –Processed before the screen is displayed.

5. What does PAI stands for? When is the PAI logic performed?Ans :- PROCESS AFTER INPUT –Processed after the user has pressed ENTER.

6. How is data passed from the screen fields to the ABAP/4 program?

Ans :- Through the flow logic.

7. What does the TOP Include do for you as a programmer?

8. What are the steps in creating screen?

9. Where are the module statement declared? Where is the logic within each module?Ans :- Module statements are in the flow logic within each module is in the ABAP/4module poolProgram.

10. What is the significance of the word ‘OUTPUT’ in the declarationMODULE TEST_KNOWLEDGE OUTPUT

ENDMODULE.

Ans :- Then we know that it is part of the PBO, therefore is processed before the screen is

presented.

11. Describe the fields on the screen ?Ans :- Attributes screen , Screen types ,follow up screens , cursor position etc. After you

have entered the screen number, the screen branches to the screen attribute maintenance.

Enter a short description , select the type NORMAL and specify the number of the follow-

up screen.

12. What are the three components of ON-LINE program?

Ans :- Screen , ABAP/4 program and transaction code.

13. What is gained by using the Dictionary Fields menu option when creating your screen?Ans :- The fields you have created inherits the same attributes as those in the Data

Dictionary.

14. Create a checkbox , frame, pushbuttons and radio buttons on a screen?Ans :- Just type a name and go to graphic element push button.

15. How do you assign an OK_CODE for a push button? How it is used in your ABAP?Ans :- In the field list ,name the element and give it the value that it will represent when

pushed You must make sure that you clear the field that represents the pushbutton after

every check.

16. What automatic checks does the screen perform? (should be four)Describe all four and how they are used?Ans :- The field format, required input, a foreign key table ,parameters.

17. What are the two methods to declare input field as mandatory?

• If you set required field as program attribute, the user must enter a value in the field.Required fields appear on the screen containing a question mark (?).



ABAP FAQ

•

18. How does foreign key work? What you have to put in your screen to identify the foreignkey? No? Then where is the foreign key identified?Ans :- You have defined a screen field by referring to a Data Dictionary, which has a check

table. When the foreign key is checked the system compares the values of the fields to be

checked with the contents of the key fields of the corresponding table.

19. What are the two effects of the foreign key from a user standpoint?Ans :- Possible entries & a check against the key field contents.

20. What is user defined validation checks in the flow logic?Ans :- FIELD…SELECT FIELD…VALUES or in the module pool FIELD…MODULE.

21. Does the value command in the flow logic go in the PAI or the PBO event?Ans :- PAI.

22. If an error occurs in the module pool, which fields are available for entry and which aredisplay only fields?Ans :- Only those fields defined with the FIELD statement before MODULE & relevant

checks in a chain.

23. When is the chain command used in the PBO event?Ans :- If you want to make more than one field ready for input after an error.

24. What table stores the online messages? What is the message class and what is itssignificance?Ans :- Table T100. The message class is a specific class of messages for a group of

transactions.

25. What are the 5 different message types and how are they handled by the system? What isthen difference between the Warning and Error messages?Ans :-

• A : Abend Message displayed on the current screen and subsequent task terminated

• I : Information Message displayed on the current screen , but user can continue program by pressing ENTER

• E: Error Message displayed on the current screen. With FIELD statements , the fieldsconcerned become ready again for input and user is required to make the entry /entriesagain

• W : Warning As E message , but correcting input is optional

• S: Success Message displayed on the follow-up screen as an I message.

26. What does WITH statement add to a message?Ans :- In the place of the & or $ the fields or values are placed in the error message.

27. What effect does the FIELD statement have within the flow logic?Ans :- The field statement resets the fields so those fields are ready for input again.

28. Where are the messages displayed on the screen?Ans :- At the bottom.

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29. Is the SET PARAMETER statement to be issued in PBO or PAI module? Why?Ans :- PAI, the value must be input into the fields first before it can be placed in the buffer.

30. Where does the GET PARAMETER statement get its values? Which field gets populatedwith the new value?Ans :- From the buffer.

31. Where can the SET CURSOR command be executed? What is its effect?

Ans :-

32. What are the matchcodes and how do they affect the screen field? Where are they specifiedin the online program?Ans :-

33. What is the effect of an ON CHAIN-REQUEST command in your flow logic?Ans :-

34. What commands are used to change database table entries?Ans :-

35. How can you check if the changes to the database were successful?

Ans :-

36. What is the difference between the Long form and the short form of making databasechanges?Ans :-

37. What is the advantages using the SAP long form over the short form of database changes?Ans :-

38. Can ‘where’ clause be used when updating database entries?Ans :-

39. Describe array operations and their advantages?

Ans :-

40. What is logical unit of work? How is it defined?Ans :-

41. What function is performed by the commit work command?Ans :-

42. Why is it so important for a programmer to check the lock entries?Ans :- To find out if record is locked and also to maintain data integrity.

43. How can you find a lock entry for a database table?Ans :- The function module ‘ENQUEUE <lock object>’ checks whether a lock was

triggered for the same object. Otherwise an exception FOREIGN_LOCK is carried out. If

the object is not locked the function module sets the lock.

44. What steps are necessary to set a lock on a record within a database table?Ans :-

Execute CALL FUNCTION statementCALL FUNCTION “ENQUEUE <lock object’>

EXPORTING…EXCEPTIONS…



ABAP FAQ

CASE SY-SUBRC...ENDCASE.

45. How do you unlock the entry? Why is this necessary?Ans :-

Execute the CALL FUNCTION statementCALL FUNCTION ‘DEQUEUE <lock object>’EXPORTING…It is important to unlock the entry so others can update it.

46. What is the difference between ‘CALL SCREEN # # # ‘ and ‘SET SCREEN ### ’… LEAVE SCREEN?Ans :-

• SET SCRREN statement sets or overwrites the follow-up screen.

• LEAVE SCREEN executes the screen number currently in the follow-screen field

• CALL SCREEN interrupts the processing of the current screen to call a new screen or

a chain of screens, processing of the current screen is resumed directly after the call.

47. After a CALL SCREEN command where does the processing return after the screen has been executed?Ans :- It returns the processing to the calling screen.

48. Which is the more similar to a call with return, the SET SCREEN or the CALL SCREEN?Ans :- The CALL SCREEN command.

49. What function is performed by the SET SCREEN 0 command?Ans :- Returns to the original screen.

50. What are the main differences between the repot status and screen status?Ans :-

51. Where must you place the SET PF-STATUS command in your online program?Ans :- Place it in the PBO module of the screen.

52. Why is it good idea to clear OK_CODE field after deciding which action to take?Ans :- You need to clear the OK code to avoid sending a screen that already has a function

code.

53. How do you specify that a function is an exit type command?Ans :- By specifying function type E for the pushbuttons or menu options in the screen

painter or menu painter.

54. What is the purpose of the ‘AT EXIT-COMMAND’?Ans :- Usually there are many ways to leave a screen (back,exit,cancel) .This command

will perform termination logic for all functions of type E.

55. What are screen groups?Ans :- A group of screen fields such as radio buttons or checkboxes.

56. What is the correct syntax for dynamically modifying a large number of screen fields?Ans :-

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MODULE MODIFY _SCREEN_OUTPUT...LOOP AT SCREEN

IF SCREEN –GROUP = 3D ‘GR1’SCREEN-INPUT=3D 1

ENDIF.

IF SCREEN-NAME = 3D ‘TAB-FIELD’SCREEN-ACTIVE=3D 0.

ENDIF.MODIFY SCREEN.

ENDLOOP.

57. What is the name of the internal table that stores the screen information?Ans :- SCREEN.

58. What is the purpose of the MODIFY command when performing the dynamic screenmodifications?Ans :- After you activate or deactivate the field attributes by assigning them 1 or 0, you

save the modifications via MODIFY SCREEN command.

Technical Questions from the BC team (Group 1)

Set 1:

1. Direction for the use of view object within the program?Ans :-View object – A view object is a virtual table tailored to the needs of an application .Thisallows direct access to specific data.View object is used in within an ABAP/4 program thesame way a table is used. If you have created a view object ZVIEW , you can display itscontents using following example programREPORT ZEXAMPLE.TABLES: ZVIEW.SELECT * FROM ZVIEW.WRITE: / ZVIEW.ENDSELECT.

2. Direction for the use of check box and radio buttons in screen painter?Ans :-

Creating Radio Button and Check Boxes on the screen1) Go to the full screen editor.2) Place an underscore at the point where you want to place the field.3) Define the name of the field using <Field Attributes>4) Place the cursor on the field and press <Graphic element>5) Then press <Radio Buttons> or <Check boxes> depending on which graphic

element you want6) Then you group related check boxes and radio boxes.

3. Difference between Radio Buttons and Check boxes.Ans :-

• Radio buttons force one and only one entry to be active (Value ‘X’. Inactive has value'') for each group before control is passes back to the program.

• Check boxes allow for any combinations of entries on the screen.



ABAP FAQ

4. When table in data dictionary is created , the relationship between cardinality factor andtableCardinality?Ans :- The following values are allowed when inserting data:

C - 1 To 1 (Optional)CN - 1 To M (Optional)N - 1 To M (Mandatory)I - 1 To 1 (Mandatory)

Dependency factor:This defines the foreign key relationship when applying updates.

5. When an internal table is created, the settings criteria for the value of occurs?Ans :- The objective of setting the value of an occurs for an internal table is a question of optimization. The following facts should be taken into account when making such decision.1) The complete data area of a program is 64000 bytes.2) The initial size declared is kept in roll area (quicker access to program)3) Data entered that exceeds the initial size stores in the roll file (Slower access to

program)You should also analyze the expected volume and access rates before making the decision.

6. When entering values on table related with foreign key using on-line program (usinginsert), why checking on possible entries on foreign key is not carried out?Ans :-

7. Direction for the use of area menu?Ans :- Area menus are used purely for the pathing to transactions. They contain the sameinformationAs a transaction except for the part that is defined by the screen painter component.

Details of the Area menu screen :Title : Workbench : Maintain area menu initial screenTransaction : SE43

Path : Tools ->CASE->Development->Maintain area menuCreating an area menu:1) Enter the name of the new area menu.

Since there are no SAP area menus starting with "Z”, an appropriate namingconvention would be for all user created area menus to start with "Z".2)Hit <Create>3)Enter:

-Maintain Language (must be "E")-Short text (description of area menu)

-Hit<Continue>4) You should be now in the area menu editor.The fields that you can maintain are as follows:

-Title : Text at the top of your area menu-Menu bar: Text for pulldown menu options & functions or sub menus.-Push button settings: - Number(s) of the corresponding function key(s) defined.-Function key settings: - Text and associated definitions for function keys.

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8. Description on roll area, Page area, work area, roll in?Ans :-

• Roll area: Contains data that is automatically copied into the process ' private memoryat the beginning of the dialog step (Rolled in).

• Page area: I believe that the page area is a section of memory, which is the size of 11/0operation.

• Work area: Contains the graphical user interface elements for the display and entry of data.

• Roll in: When data is copied from the role file to the roll area.

Technical Questions from the BC team (Group 1)

Set 2:

1. It is possible to delete data entered with ABA/4 program in table maintenance. However,

deletion of data uploaded from SAM file in table maintenance is not possible.

Definitions: I am not sure if I understand this question. Are you asking if it is possible to

delete data from a SAP table using information stored on a Unix file or are you asking me

if the contents of a SAP file can be deleted before a Unix file is loaded? I need more

information to be able to answer this question.

2. The difference between two SYNTAX. Insert table name & insert table name, commit

work.

The difference can be demonstrated by the examples below.

Start of Program I.Database update statementsRun-time error occurs hereEnd of program 1= 20=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=

3D=20.

Start of program 2.Database update statements.Commit work statements =20Run time error occurs here…………=20End of program 2=20=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=

20=20

Program I will not update the database & program 2 will.

Structured Logic

1. What is the difference between Structure & Internal table?Ans :-

- Structure exists in ABAP Dictionary and programs but containsno data.

- Internal table exists only in program and can contain data only at runtime.

4 Call transaction module, give syntax?Ans :-CALL TRANSACTION <tcod> [AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN] [USING <itab>].



ABAP FAQ

This statement saves the data of the calling program, and starts transaction <tcod>. At the

end of the transaction, the system returns to the statement following the call in the calling

report. If the LEAVE statement occurs within the called transaction, the transaction ends

and control returns to the program in which the call occurred.

6 Define "Check " statements, how it works?

Ans :- To terminate a single loop pass conditionally, use the CHECK <condition>statement in the statement block of the loop.If the condition is not true, any remaining statements in the current statement block after

the CHECK statement are ignored, and the next loop pass starts. <condition> can be any

logical expression.

8 What is the difference when use fields in Chain, End Chain and when use in Subroutine?Ans :-

9 Difference between Append and Collect statement?Ans :- Append statement always adds new line to ITAB from WA.Collect :- When the line is inserted, the system checks whether there is already a table entry

that matches the key. If there is no corresponding entry already in the table, the COLLECTstatement has the same effect as inserting the new line. If an entry with the same key

already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents

of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing

entry. 13 Explain Field Group(extract dataset)?

Ans :-An extract dataset consists of a sequence of records. These records may have differentstructures. All records with the same structure form a record type. You must define eachrecord type of an extract dataset as a field group, using the FIELD-GROUPS statement.FIELD-GROUPS <fg>.

This statement defines a field group <fg>. A field group combines several fields under onename. For clarity, you should declare your field groups at the end of the declaration part of your program.A field group does not reserve storage space for the fields, but contains pointers to existing

fields. When filling the extract dataset with records, these pointers determine the contents

of the stored records.

15 Transaction for Menu painter?Ans :- SE41.

16 Transaction for Screen painter? What is flow logic? Explain.Ans :- SE51.

Flow-Logic :- Code that processes a particular screen in the R/3 System. Flow logicstatements are syntactically similar to ABAP statements, but you cannot use flow logickeywords in ABAP.You define flow logic in the flow logic editor of the Screen Painter. Flow logic comprisestwo modules:PBO (Process Before Output)PAI (Process After Input)

17 Transaction for MM creation?

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http://fceb34fc358411d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm


http://fceb361f358411d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm







Ans :-

18 Transaction for Sales Order (S /D) - Create, Display & Change?Ans :-

19 Transaction for Delivery Challan S / D) - Create, Display & Change?Ans :-

21 If you want to run two programs , within one program how you run another programinstead of opening another session?Ans :- SUBMIT program.

23 Example of nested "Select " statement syntax?Ans :-

27 What is the difference between Move & assign statement?Ans :-Move :- To assign the value of a data object <f1> to a variable <f2>, use the followingstatement:MOVE <f1> TO <f2>.or the equivalent statement

<f2> = <f1>.The contents of <f1> remain unchanged. <f1> does not have to be a variable - it can also bea literal, a text symbol, or a constant. You must always specify decimal points with a period (.), regardless of the user’s personal settings.Multiple value assignments in the form<f4> = <f3> = <f2> = <f1>.

Assign :- ASSIGN <f> TO <FS>.When you assign the data object, the system checks whether the technical attributes of the

data object <f> correspond to any type specifications for the field symbol <FS>. The field

symbol adopts any generic attributes of <f> that are not contained in its own type

specification. Following the assignment, it points to <f> in memory.

28 Describe "New-Page" statement?Ans :- The standard page header consists of list and column headers. To influence the

representation of these individual components of the standard page header, use NEW-

PAGE statement:

2. What is BDC and How you use it?Ans :- Batched Data Communication. Batch input is an automatic procedure for the non-

online data transfer of data into the system. BDC is used mainly to port data from legacy

system to New system Using file access command like OPEN DATASET, READ

DATASET. We populate the data into database tables. This can be run as a batch job using

BDC. SAP strongly recommends that you use same screen flow to populate a table becausethat way referential integrity and additional checks are done properly.User dialog is

simulated.

3. What is Dataset and How you use it?Ans : - Dataset is data contained in a file in AS. To open operating system file you use

OPEN DATASET function FOR OUTPUT or INPUT or Append Mode.

4. What is a variant and Where do you use this?



ABAP FAQ

Ans :- Variant contains parameters for a program. You can run a program either using

variant or directly. If you run directly you have to enter all the parameters and if you use

variants you do not need to enter parameters. You can have many variants for a program.

6. What is Field Symbol?Field Symbol are variables. Main advantage of the Field Symbol is you do not have to

define fieldType it can be of any type and any length depending on the field you assign at theruntime.

Ex. FIELD_SYMBOLS <F>ASSIGN LFAI - NAMEI TO <F>

7. What is Menu painter? And How do use it in your application?Ans :- Menu painter is tool to create Menus, Push Buttons assignments and from Screens.During run time you can assign any menu status to a screen.You assign a four-character function code for each function and you use OK-CODE to

identify which function need to be run. You write code in PAI module for each function.

8. What are the variables that start with SY-?

Ans :- These are system variables likeSY-DATUM System DateSY-SUBRC System Return Code 0- Success, 4 - failure

These are the System Fields, you use this to generate a listSY-TitleSY-pagctSY-SrowsSY-scols

These are used for interactive reportingSY-CurowSY-CUCOL

9. What is Logical database and Explain about GET and PUT modules?Ans :- Faster Way of executing for selecting records.Logical database is not a physical database. It is logical database structure of tables where

you specify the relationship between a set of related tables. Every logical database has root

table & child nodes. If you want to use GET table command in your program you need to

declare that related structure as a logical database. Once you specify the structure you set

SELECT-OPTIONS and then Database Program and modify the code for PUT Forms. This

PUT forms are executed whenever you use GET function in the code.

12. What is Screen Painter? And How do you write a script for command Button?Ans :- Screen Painter is a tool to create a screens which can have User Input fields,Command buttons, Frames, Radio Buttons, Combo boxes, and Check boxes. Key pointhere is you need to specify OK-CODE (you can give any name but normally you use OK-CODE) For OK function and you declare same variable in Module Pool also. In PAImodule using Case statements to determine which key was pressed.

CASE OK-CODEWHEN DELEMODULE Delete _ Function.

RHO Consulting

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3. HIDE Statement, how it works?Ans :- Detail lists allow you to present more information than is contained in the basic list.The user can, for example, select a line of the basic list for which he or she wants to seemore detailed information. You then display the extra information in a detail list.This method requires that you have previously stored the contents of the selected linewithin the program.

To do this, you use the ABAP statement HIDE, which saves the field contents for thecurrent line. When you start a detail list for a list line that has HIDE fields, the system places their values into the corresponding variables in the program.In the program code, insert the HIDE statement directly after the WRITE statement for thecurrent line.HIDE: WA-CONNID, WA-CARRID.

4. Define RANGES statements, why you use in ABAP/4 programming?Ans :- In addition to selection tables that you create using SELECT-OPTIONS, you can

use the RANGES statement to create internal tables that have the structure of selection

tables. You can use these tables with certain restrictions the same way you use actual

selection tables.

6. What kind of Transaction did you use? Where did you use? Why did you use?Ans :- SE38 ABAP Editor

SE16 Data dictionary

7. What are the commands, which can be used only in screen, flow logic but not in ABAP?Ans :-

8. How do you change the text (description which normally appears as non-editable on thescreen) of the Table field?Ans :-You can change the text for Data element. For data element you have three different

description text (short, medium and long). You can use any one of the texts.

9. What do you know about profiles? How can you give an authorization to particular user?Ans :- A Profile is made up authorization. There are two types ;of Profiles single and

composite.

10. How did you do pricing? (including menu flow ) about policyTable ----> (Customer/Material ) ------> Access Sequence (price Customer discountMaterial )------> Condition type ------> Pricing Procedure----------> procedure determination

SD config -----> Functions ------> Pricing -------> Control Data ----->Environment -----> Create tables.

1. Maintain condition tables of fields that can be used asConditions to check for in pricing.

There is a fixed list of fields that can be checked.

11. What did you do in payroll?Ans :-

12. What did you do in customizing Org. structure?



ABAP FAQ

Ans :- Set up Company group, company code, controlling area, business Area, credit

control area, financial management area, plants, storage Organization, distribution channel,

division , shipping Points, loading points, plant sections, person groups, person subgroups,

and Payroll subunits and mapped them.

13. What did you do in Account Assignment in material management? And also about

valuation class.Ans :-

14. What are number ranges? How did you assign?Ans :-

15. What did you do in Time Data?Ans :-

16. What are infotypes? How did you use it? Do you remember any info types you used?Ans :- In HR module tables are calles Infotypes which contains data for employees andapplicants.Infotypes used :-

0002 = Personal data.0006 = Address.

17. What type of materials did you use?Ans :-

ROH Raw materialHAWA TradingFERT Finished goodsPROD Product GroupWETT Competitive product

18. What are the logical databases and tables did you use in MM and SD?Ans :-

EMM Purchasing documents for materialEKKO (Purchase Document Header)EKPO (Purchase document item)EKET (Delivery Schedules)EKPB (Material provided item in purchasing document)EKKN (Account assignment)EKBE (History of purchasing document)MSM Material Master MARAV View tabelle fuer die logische DB MGMMARM Quantity unitMBEWV View f=FCr logische DatebankenMVKE Material Master : Sales DataMARCV View f=FCr logische Datebanken MSMPROPF Forecast parametersMARD Material master : storage location / batch segmentMCHB Batch stocksMKOL Special Stocks from vendor MLGN Material data for storage number MLGT Material data for storage typeVFV Invoices in sales & Distribution

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VBRK Billing : Header DataVBUK Sales Document : Header Status and Administrative DVBPA Sales Document : Partner VBRP Billing : Item DataVBFA Sales Document FlowVBFAVG SD Document : Flow RecordsVBPAPO Item Partner in SD DocumentKONV Conditions (Procedure Data)

19. How do you create logical database? Menu Sequence also.Ans :-

CASE à Development à Work Bench à Other Object à EDIT à LogicalDatabases

OR

CASE à Development à Program Maintenance à ABAP Development à Utilities

à

Development / Test à Logical Databases

20. Hierarchy of Data Dictionary?Ans :- Tables -> Fields -> Data elements -> Domains.

21. What is the difference between Data elements and Domain?Ans: - A domain (Generic data types) describes the technical attributes of a field, such as

the data type or the number of positions in a field. The domain defines primarily avalue range describing the valid data values for the fields referringTo this domain.Data elements (Specific data types) A data element is an elementary type. Itdescribes the type attributes (data type, field length and possibly the number of decimal places) and screen information (explanatory text or field help) aboutunstructured data objects (table fields and structure fields or variables).Table fields and structure fields with the same contents should refer to the same dataelement. This ensures that the attributes of these fields are always consistent.

A data element can be referenced in ABAP programs with TYPE. This permits you todefine variables that take on the type attributes of the data element in an ABAP program.

22. How the tables in logical databases are related to each other?Ans :- LD are related to each other by FK relationship to form a hierarchy

23. What are the different relations between two entities?One-One, One-Many and Many-ManyIt is also called as cardinality.CN 0,1,MoreC 0, 1 N 1 or More1 1

24. What is 3-tier architecture? What does that middle layer do?PS ----- AS ----- DBS.- Application server is a set of executables that collectively interpret the ABAP/4 programs

and manage the input & output for them.

25. What did you do in shipping? About the process?Ans: - Shipping Conditions are defined in Customer Master. (Table KNA1 (General Data))

Transportation groups are defined in Material Master. (Table MARA (General



ABAP FAQ

Data))All valid leg combos must be configured in the system. (A leg is the link between astarting and a finishing point).The shipping point is defined for each order itemThe route groups legs together.

Shippingà

Delivery Order (create and save)à

Pickingà

transfer orders (create &confirm)

26. What are the different sections in Functions?Ans :- IMPORTING, EXPORTING and EXCEPTIONS.

27. In your experience programming ABAP/4, What guidelines do you follow as best practices?Ans: - a) Store data in internal tables to reduce duplicate processing.

b) Copy an existing process and changes it.c) Follow prescribed naming conventions for programs.d) Use an include statement (ZIU0001) from the main documentation block.e) For describing the content of the program, such as date, program author, purpose,

list of parameters and specifies, list SAP tables used, and list external input/output,

tables/files are used.

28. What are some of the SAP ABAP/4 control statements that you used to write one of your more complicated programs.Ans :-AT END OF…END ATAT NEW…ENDATCALLCASE...WHEN…ENDCASECHECK DO…ENDDO

EXITFORM…ENDFORMIF...ELSE...ENDLOOPLEAVELOOP...ENDLOOPMODULE...ENDMODULEON CHANGE OF...ENDONPERFORM…USINGSELECT…ENDSELECTSTOPWHILE…ENDWHILE

29. Have you ever done any transaction program/development using ABAP/4, screen painter,and menu painter? If so, describe the steps or technique used to develop transactions?Ans: - The following list outlines the general steps that should be followed whendeveloping a new SAP R/3 transaction. I do not have to be performed specifically to thissequence, but these topics/steps should be performed.1. Preliminary work: Design the transaction, specify the transaction code in the system

and enter the transaction attributes.2. Define global data in the data dictionary. Determine which domains, data elements, and

tables you want to use.

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3. Create an ABAP/4 module pool. Create a module pool for the transaction and assign aname and attributes according to the customer naming conventions.

4. Define screens (Screen Painter): Paint your screens, that defines the positions and textsof the fields on the screen and assign appropriate names. In doing this, you point theData Dictionary fields you have defined in the Data Dictionary, Define the attributes of all screens.

5. Define menus, windows, and function keys (Menu Painter): Define the interface for your transaction with menus, pop-up windows and function keys for each individual

screen. Assign function code to each function that the user can execute.6. Define screen flow logic.7. Program the individual modules: Write the detailed processing logic, program and

modules called in the screen flow logic, pass the data between the module pool andSAP memory, process the function codes from the interface and process the reports.

8. Create and program on-line messages: Create on-line messages and document them (inthe form of texts) Call the messages in the appropriate modules. Observe the rules for error dialog.

9. Test the transaction. Test the transaction with the on-line debugging facility.Transport transaction programs : Transport your completed transaction to the

production systemInstance.

30. Have you ever created a user-defined database in SAP/R3? If so how did you go aboutadding a user-defined database to the system?Ans :-

To add a user-defined database to the system, the following steps are required.1) Define the structure in the data dictionary.

A. Go to the Data dictionary Maintenance screen. Fill in the name of the database youare defining

B. Define the database structureTo do this, select the object class tables for editing. In the resulting screen, fill in thenecessary information about the database.

C. Provide the database fields. Go to the field’s screen so those new fields can be

entered into the system. You must atleast enter MANDT, RELID, SRTFD, SRTF2,CLUSTR and CLUSTD. When you have entered all the required fields save therecord structure.

D. Active the table. The table is now defined in the Data Dictionary and known to thesystem at large.

Add the database to the system by going to the Database Create screen.There select processing method of in -line, so that the database has been created, you

can now create database clusters with the EXPORT command or access the database

records using SQL.

31. Describe the basic framework of an ABAP/4 program?Ans :- The basic structure of an ABAP/4 program is as follows:

REPORT report_nameDATA : pagebreak (12) TYPE C,DATA : title (10) TYPE C,TABLES: ABC, DEF, XYZ.PARAMETERS: ABC-DSC.

FIELD-GROUPS:

FIELD-SYMBOLS



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<name><street> = 7F<city>INSERT

INITIALISATIONINCLUDE ASD0001

START-OF-SELECTION.Call to extract data from the database are performed here

END-OF SELECTION.TOP-OF-PAGEEND-OF-PAGEFORM Form_NameENDFORM.

32. What are the functional modules you have strong background?Ans :- FI, CO.

33. What is the difference between a step-loop using internal table and a transparent table?

Ans :-

Section A

Please circle T(rue) or F(alse) for each of the following questions:-

1. Move Corresponding is an effective way to move fields with like names from a DB table

record to an internal table header line. (T / F). T

2. An append will add a record to a database table. (T / F). F

3. The COLLECT statement will total up all P, I and F fields in a database table. (T / F). F

4. The SELECT statement allows processing of an internal table. (T / F). F

5. The Loop at command allows you to use the WHERE clause. (T / F). T

6. An internal table can be deleted. Modified, or inserted without the use of index. (T / F).T

7. The SELECT command performs its own authorization check. (T / F).F

8. 1 The WHERE clause in the SELECT SINGLE command is optional. (T / F).F

9. 1 When using the GET and SET PARAMETER ID command the memory id must be defined

to the Data Dictionary?. F

10. 1

The SET PARAMETER command’s function is to create a storage location in memory andretrieve its contents?T

Section B

There is only (1) correct answer for each of the following questions. Please circle the letter,

which you think corresponds to the correct answer.

1. 1 A ‘LIKE’ statement is used to:

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a) Move similar fields between the header areas of internal tables. b) Set declared data fields to the same characteristics as a different data field.c) Assign a default value to a parameter.d) Pass parameters to a subroutine.Ans :- b.

2. 1 All are examples of SAP events except:a) Start of Selection.

b) End of Selection.c) Top of Page.d) New Page.Ans :- d

3. 1 The best definition of the ABAP.4 workbench is:a) A method of finding fields within the data dictionary. b) A method of navigating between SAP objects and a method of establishing a hierarchy

between related SAP objects.c) A screen that contains the attributes for screens, programs, transactions, etc.d) An easy way of creating objects in SAP.Ans :- b

4. 1 Which is correct for reading an entire table, DBTAB, into an internal table, ITAB, structurethat was previously defined?a) SELECT * FROM DBTAB INTO ITAB. b) SELECT SINGLE * FROM DBTAB INTO TABLE ITAB.c) SELECT * FROM DBTAB INTO TABLE ITAB.d) READ DBTAB INTO TABLE ITAB.Ans :- c

5. 1 Which is an example of ‘passing by reference’?a) PERFORM CHECK_FIELDS USING F1 F2 F3.

FORM CHECK_FIELDS USING VALUE F1 VALUE F2 VALUE F3. b) PERFORM CHECK_FIELDS USING F1 F2 F3.

FORM CHECK_FIELDS USING VALUE F1 VALUE F2 F3.c) PERFORM CHECK_FIELDS USING F1 F2 CHANGING F3.

FORM CHECK_FIELDS USING VALUE F1 VALUE F2 CHANGING F3.Ans :- c

6. 1 A ‘MOVE-CORRESPONDING’ command:a) Moves all data from an internal table into a database table. b) Moves all like named fields from one field string to another.c) Adds all numeric fields in a totals column.d) Allows you to declare an internal table to have the same structure as database table.Ans :- b

7. 1 A ten byte long character field, WS-CUSTNUM, would be declared as:a) WS_CUSTNUM TYPE C. b) DATA WS_CUSTNUM LIKE SPLAN-TIDI.c) DATA WS_CUSTNUM (10) TYPE CHAR.d) DATA WS_CUSTNUM (10) TYPE C.Ans :- d

8. 2 Each record within a database table is specified by:a) A specific index number or SY-TABIX.



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b) A unique key structure which can be same for multiple records within the table.c) One field, Known as the key field, that is specified to each record.d) A unique key structure which consists of any number of fields and must be unique for

each record within the database.Ans :- d

9. 2 To set an initial value in the parameter, CUSTNO, what word is required in the following

statement to complete the syntax: PARAMETERS: CUSTNO(10) TYPEC____________’0000111008’=20a) Value. b) Default.c) Initial.d) Like.Ans :- a

10. 2

Which of the following does not have an END associated with it?a) LOOP. b) DO.c) GET.

d) SELECT.Ansc :- c

11. 2

Which is the best example of a foreign key?a) Data element. b) Domain.c) A ‘VALUES’ statement within the PAI module of the flow logic.d) A check table.Ans :- d

12.

An on-line program consists of:a) Flow Logic, a screen, and an ABAP program module pool. b) A Screen, an ABAP program module pool, and a transaction.c) Flow logic, screen and a PAI event.Ans :- b

13. 2

PBO’s:a) Are events performed in the screen after the user has entered some data? b) Is a module pool for an on-line screen?c) Is an on-line event?d) Contains all logic for error messaging.

14. 2

All of the following are examples of automatic screen field checks except for:a) Data formatting. b) Check tables.

c) Values table.d) ‘VALUES’ statement in the PAI of the flow logic.

15. 2

A ‘COMMIT WORK’ command:a) Reads in a logical database. b) Closes a logical unit of work and confirms the changes in the database.c) Cancels a logical unit of work and rolls back all changes made with the UPDATE.d) Is automatically performs at each ‘UPDATE dbtab’ command line

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Ans :- b

16.

The following is an example of a call ‘without return’:a) CALL TRANSACTION ‘VAO1’. b) SUBMIT ‘SAPMV45A’.(c) CALL SCREEN 0.09.

Provide short answers for each of the following questions in the space provided:-

1. Why would you use the DESCRIBE table command?Ans :- To find out no. if entries in ITAB and to find the value of occurs.

2. 3 What are the 3 categories of DATA in the SAP system?

3. 3 What ABAP/4 command is used to process a logical database?Ans :- GET

4. 3 At what 2 points in the ABAP code can the STOP command branch to?Ans :- If you use the STOP statement within an event block, the system stops processing the

block immediately. 1

5. 3 What is the difference between the templates ‘%’ and ‘_’ during string comparison?

6. 3 Where is the processing logic located in an on-line program?Ans :- PBO,PAI.

7. 3 Describe the on-line processor. What is its function?

8. How is data passed from the screen fields to the ABAP/4 program?Ans :- GET PARAMETER ID.

9. What does the TOP Include do for you as a coder?

10.

What are the steps in creating a screen?

11.

Where are the module statements declared? Where is the logic within each module?

12.

What is the significance of the word ‘OUTPUT’ in the declarationMODULE TEST_KNOWLEDGE OUTPUT--ENDMODULE.

13. Describe the fields on the screen attributes screen. Screen types, follow up screens, cursor position, etc.

14.

What is gained by using the Dictionary Fields menu option when creating your screen?

15.

How do you assign an OK_CODE for a push button? How is it used in your ABAP?

16 What are the two effects of a foreign key from a user standpoint?



ABAP FAQ

Ans :- Foreign keys are used to check input on screens, and to define the relationships

netween the tables in a view, matchcode object, or lock object.

17.

What are user defined validation checks in the flow logic?

18

.

Does the VALUES command in the flow logic go in the PAI or the PBO event?

19.

If an error occurs in the module pool, which fields are available for entry and which aredisplay only fields?

20.

Which table stores the one-line messages? What is the message class and what is itssignificance?Ans :-

21.

What does the ‘WITH’ statement add to a message?Ans :-

22.

What effect does the FIELD statement have within the flow logic?

23.

Is the SET PARAMETER statement to be issued in the PBO or the PAI module? Why?

24.

Where does the GET PARAMETER statement get its values? Which field gets populatedwith the new value?

25.

Where can the SET CURSOR command be executed? What is its effect?

26.

What are matchcodes and how do they effect a screen field? Where are they specified in theon-line program?

27.

What is the effect of an ON CHAIN-REQUEST command in your flowlogic?

28.

What commands are used to change database table entries?Ans :- UPDATE.

29.

How can you check if the changes to the database were successful?Ans :- SY-SUBRC = 0.

30.

What is the difference between the long form and the short form of making databasechanges?

31.

What is the advantage of using the SAP long form over the short form of database changes?

32.

Can ‘Where’ clause be used when updating database entries?

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Ans :- Yes.

33.

Describe array operations and their advantages?

34.

Why is it so important for a programmer to check the lock entries in the database?

35. How can you find a lock entry for a database table?

36.

What steps are necessary to set a lock on a record within a database table?

37.

How do you unlock the entry? Why is this necessary?

38.

What is the difference between ‘SET SCREEN ###’ and ‘SET SCREEN ###. LEAVESCREEN.’?

39.

After a ‘CALL SCREEN ###’ command, where does the processing return after the screenhas been executed?

40.

Which is more similar to a call with return, the ‘SET SCREEN’ or the ‘CALL SCREEN’?

41.

What function is performed by the ‘SET SCREEN 0’ command?

42.

Where must you place the ‘SET PF-STATUS.’ Command in your on-line program?

43

.

Why it is a good idea to clear the ok_code after deciding which action to take?

44.

How do you specify that a function is an exit type command?

45.

What are screen groups?

46.

What is the correct syntax for dynamically modifying a large number of screen fields?

47.

What is the purpose of the MODIFY command when performing dynamic screenmodifications?

48.

Various Event for a screen?Ans :- Clicking Push Button, Function Key, Menu Option.

49.

How do you run a report for a row in table?Ans :- Using Graphics Multiplexer. There is an option some thing similar to screen capture

which captures data only. Using that data you can draw graphs (3D and 2D). This option is

available all the time from Menu! -> Generate Graphics which captures the data then you



ABAP FAQ

need to drag and select the data you want to draw a graph on. Once you select you can click

on Graphics, which launches graphics multiplexer.

50.

What are user Exits and transactions?Ans :- Generally, user exits are the forms defined within SAP standard code (usually

starting with user exit). These predefined areas in the code allow programmers to insert

custom defined code into the standard processing of a transaction (e.g. allow resorting of the batch sequence in VA01 batch processing). There are many specific examples if you are

interested, but usually user exits are searched for when a specific use is being analysed.

51.

How do you import a UNIX program using BDC?

52.

What is variable selection with variants?Ans :- It is possible to fetch values for variants from table TVARV fields. In this case the

value of TVARV field is set before running the program with the variant. This is variable

selection since variant runs with different values. This is especially useful for batch mode

runs.

53.

How do you run programs with variant?Ans :- Current screen will have “Execute with variant” and “Overview of variants” buttons

if variants can be used. Choose to run with “Execute with variant” and run with a variant.

54.

What is SPA/GPA? When do you use it?Ans :- You can set and display default values in fields. You make the assignment using PIDin field attributes and check SPA or GPA option. Other way of using this is using SETPARAMETER and GET PARAMETER commands.Ex:- SET PARAMETER FIELD EMPL-EMPID ID ‘EMP’

GET PARAMETER ID ‘EMP’ FIELD EMPL-EMPID

55.

How can you test Flow Logic?Ans :- You need to create a transaction for this screen first. If you go to Screen -> Test then

it will show a radio button where you can either check with Screen Flow Logic or with Out

Screen Flow Logic.

56.

What happens if you choose Hold Data option in screen attributes?Ans:- System automatically shows the data if the user returns to the screen.

57.

What happens if you enter 0 in NEXT Screen attribute?Ans :- It does not go to any other screen and it moves back one level. However you can

control this in run-time using SET SCREEN command.

58

.

Where do you use Pop-Up Windows?

1. Data Input (prompting the user to enter data).2. Online Control (Define or restrict the online flow for the user).3. Data backup (Do you want to save the data? Yes or No).4. Confirmation messages and Include messages.

59.

How many menu titles can you have in a main menu?

60 Why and How do you display a message?

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Ans :- Message is used to INFORM, WARN, EXIT with MSG, or CANCEL with MSG in atransaction. Message is displayed using:-

MESSAGE xnnnWhere x is Type and nnn is the number of message. In addition Message class is set at

Program name line, e.g., PROGRAM xyz MESSAGE-ID cc where cc is message class.

61.

What are various message types?Ans :- I-Info, W-Warning, E-Error, A-Abend, S-Success.

62.

How do you create Message class?

Ans :- Tools à Caseà Developmentà Program maintenance àMessagesEnter name and go to next screen to enter messages.

63.

What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session?

64.

Did you use full graphical user interface in SAP R/3?

65.

What are the versions you have worked?Ans :- 3.1H, 4.5B, 4.6B.

66.

How do you find the string length of a variable?Ans :- INT = STRLEN( WORD1 ).

67.

What do you define in the domain and data element?Ans :- The domain gives a field its technical characteristics, such as data type and length.Data element contains a domain name, field labels etc.

True/False

68.

SAP offers standard batch interface programs with dynamic record layout capability?

69.

SAP standard batch input programs structure descriptions are in the Data Dictionary?

70.

Data analysis should preceed data transfer?T

71.

All data conversion must take place prior to the data transfer?T

72.

The parameters MODE and UPDATE are optional?

73.

The BDC table has a different layout for the CALL TRANSACTION?F

74.

A file can be transferred from the presentation server?T

Study Questions & Answers for SAP Partner Academy

1. What is the purpose of SAP Dispatcher?Ans :- Manages the resources for the R/3 Applications. Distributes work to the work processes.Main Tasks:

Equal distribution of transaction load to the work processes.Management of buffer areas in main memory.Integration of the presentation level.



ABAP FAQ

Organisation of communication activities.

2. There are five specialized work processes. What are they? And which task do they control?Ans :-a) Online – Processes one dialog step and then is available for next request. b) Enqueue – A locking mechanism to prevent the applications from interfering with eachother when accessing data.

c) Update – To trigger database changes.d) Background – Used to plan the start of ABAP/4 programs.e) Spool – Spool requests are generated online or during background processing and placed

in a spool database with information about the printer a print format.

3. What function does the message server perform?Ans :- Exchanges short internal messages (Ex. Triggering work processes).

4. What enables communications between R2, R3, and external applications using the CPI-C protocol?A) SAP Gateway.

5. How Internal table lines can be changed while looping on the same table?Ans :- To change a single line in an internal table, use the MODIFY statement. Thismodifies the current line of the LOOP statement.

However, before using the MODIFY statement, you must first make the required changes tothe current line in the work area <wa> of the internal table. Then, you can assign thecontents of the work area <wa> to the current table line using:

MODIFY <itab> FROM <wa>.

loop at mtab.select single * from t001 where bukrs = mtab-bukrs.if sy-subrc ne 0.

message a398 with'Company Code not on Table T001'.

else.move t001-waers to mtab-waers.modify mtab transporting waers.

endif.Endloop.

6. How duplicate Internal table lines can be deleted?Ans :- DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATE ENTRIES FROM <itab>

[COMPARING <f1> <f 2> ...|ALL FIELDS].

Note :-You can use this statement to delete all duplicate entries from an internal table if thetable is sorted by the specified compare criterion.

Interview Quest Final 1 Satyam

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