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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMCIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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Composition of bloodComposition of blood

Composition of bloodComposition of blood FunctionFunctionRed blood cellRed blood cell To transport ox !en To transport ox !en"#ite blood cell"#ite blood cell To defend a!ainst To defend a!ainst

diseasesdiseases

$latelets$latelets %lood clottin!%lood clottin!

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Clottin! of t#e bloodClottin! of t#e blood

Clottin! process

Rupturedplatelets anddama!ed tissues

,itamin- Calcium

ions

Trombo.inase

$rot#rombin&plasmaprotein+

T#rombin

Fibrino!en&plasma

Fibrin

Redbloodcell

Fibrin/ber

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Compatibilit of blood !roup inCompatibilit of blood !roup int#e A%O s stemt#e A%O s stem

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T#e R#esus Factor T#e R#esus FactorPeople who have antigen Rhesus are called Rhesus positivePeople who have antigen Rhesus are called Rhesus positive(Rh+).(Rh+).

Those without it are called Rhesus negative (Rh-)Those without it are called Rhesus negative (Rh-)The Rhesus antigen is inherited as a dominant factor.The Rhesus antigen is inherited as a dominant factor.This may lead to agglutination in foetal blood.This may lead to agglutination in foetal blood.If both parents are Rh+ their o!spring will be Rh+.If both parents are Rh+ their o!spring will be Rh+.If one of the parents is Rh+ their o!spring will probably beIf one of the parents is Rh+ their o!spring will probably beRh+.Rh+.

"ut if the mother is Rh- and her child is Rh+ in certain cases"ut if the mother is Rh- and her child is Rh+ in certain casesthe mother then becomes sensitive to the positive factor inthe mother then becomes sensitive to the positive factor inthe child#s blood and she develops the anti-Rh antibodies.the child#s blood and she develops the anti-Rh antibodies.

If future pregnancies any anti-Rh antibodies produced by theIf future pregnancies any anti-Rh antibodies produced by themother may a!ect the Rh+ red cells of the foetus should theymother may a!ect the Rh+ red cells of the foetus should theyseep through the placenta and enter the foetal circulation.seep through the placenta and enter the foetal circulation.

$atherRh+

%otherRh-

&

'hild Rh +

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T#e structure of t#e #eart0 T#e structure of t#e #eart0

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1iastole1iastole"lood enters atria and ventriclesfrom pulmonary veins and vena

cava

Poc etvalvesclosed

"icuspidandtricuspid

valvesopenRela ationofventriclesdrawsblood from

atria*tria are rela ed and ll withblood. ,entricles are also

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Atrial S stoleAtrial S stole *triacontractto pushremainingblood intoventricles

Poc etsvalvesclosed

"i uspid andtricuspidvalves open

"loodpumpedfrom atria toventricles*tria contract pushing blood

into ventricles. ,entricles

remain rela ed.

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,entricular S stole,entricular S stole"lood pumped into pulmonary

arteries and aorta

Poc et valvesopen.

"icuspid andtricuspidvalvesclosed

,entriclescontract

*tria rela ed. ,entricles contract

pushing blood away from heartthrough pulmonary arteries and

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1iseases Related to t#e1iseases Related to t#eCirculator S stemCirculator S stem

Arteriosclerosis 2 narro3in! of t#eArteriosclerosis 2 narro3in! of t#earteries due to t#ic.enin! of t#e arterialarteries due to t#ic.enin! of t#e arterial3all cause b fat4 /brous tissue and3all cause b fat4 /brous tissue and

salts bein! deposited on it &also referredsalts bein! deposited on it &also referredto as #ardenin! of t#e arteries+0to as #ardenin! of t#e arteries+05i!# and lo3 blood pressure05i!# and lo3 blood pressure05eart attac. 2 main coronar arter is5eart attac. 2 main coronar arter isbloc.ed4 t#e 3#ole of #eart musclesbloc.ed4 t#e 3#ole of #eart musclesma be depri6ed of blood4 resultin! inma be depri6ed of blood4 resultin! indeat#0deat#0

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T#e 5uman L mp#atic T#e 5uman L mp#aticS stemS stem

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