Interrelationship of Public Spaces

8/10/2019 Interrelationship of Public Spaces

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INTERRELATIONSHIP OF PUBLIC SPACES AND BUILT-IN CORNER BUILDINGS BASED ON THE

EXAMPLES OF MODERNISM IN MALI LIMAN

AREA IN NOVI SADMilena Krl!e"# Vla$i%ir K&'e(# K)eni!a Hiel

Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Technical

Sciences, University of Novi Sad;

email! "r"l#es$eunet%yu

A')(ra*(+Corner buildings, according to their position in an urban block, havegreater possibility of shaping freedom than other built-in buildings. Due to their

position and perception, above all, from surrounding public spaces, they dominateinside an urban matrix of the residential area and very often represent urbanmodel of cities. Relationship of these buildings to public spaces, which are in their

immediate environment, represents a specific problem. Having in mind observed

period of odernism, the problem of the origins and transformation of corner

buildings, was treated in different ways, and therefore surrounding public spaces

had different characteristics and values. !uildings, originating from the above

mentioned period in the territory of "ovi #ad and their interrelationship to public

spaces are sub$ects of the research, according to different parameters of shape and

function. !ased on conducted analysis the %uality of interaction of buildings and

public spaces is being evaluated, from the viewpoint of their morphological,architectural, and urban structure, but also through programs, social,

psychological and environmental values.

Ke, .r$)& public space, corner building, odernism

&% 'NT()DU*T')N

Public spaces emerge as obligatory elements of urban matri+ through the

hole development of construction% Through different historical conte+ts, a series

of conditions and particularities of a certain period are being vieed, from social,

economical, scientific, to technical and ethnological and reali-ation to hat degree

construction of that particular time responded to needs of society, applying their

on shapes or copying elements of past epochs% These spaces ./are the greatestartefacts created by the human hand/0, and they have numerous and different

influences on the mind of the users, ./nonhomogeneous mass, hich uses urban

space in different ays, reads it differently, e+periences its influence in different

ays%0123

The 4uality of public spaces can be vieed through their morphology,

architectural and urban structure% 5oever, the genuine 4uality of these spaces is


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based on their programmes, social, psychological and environmental 4ualities,

hich are reali-ed through mutual interaction beteen ob#ects that form them%

(elationship beteen built and open spaces is being researched by *amilo

Sitte, ho says that ./in modern urban planning, the relationship beteen built

and open space has been reversed% 'n the past, open space streets and s4uares

created a closed and e+pressive design% Today, the building plots are arranged as

regular selfcontained shapes and hatever is left becomes s4uare or street0%1&3

There are numerous e+pert reflections on public spaces, observing them from a

viepoint of their spatial and sociological place on a city map, hich, according to

6efebvre .are alays in relationship to society as a hole, ith its structure and

functions% *hanges of a city begin hen society as a hole is changing0%1&73Public spaces in a city have vital role in an urban area% Numerous functions

hich they have, services they offer to their consumers, directly influence

achieving 4uality of life% 8y studying three basic components! character, structure

and importance of public spaces, e get a clear picture of the e+isting condition ofthe city% The role of these spaces is not only to establish environmental 4uality, but

establishing necessary psychosocial relations in a society%

7% *)NST(U*T')N )F *)(N9( 8U'6D'N:S 'N )D9(N'S 'N .A6'

6'AN0 A(9A

odernism, as a movement originated at the beginning of the tentieth

century, and buildings hich ere built in this period in the territory of Novi Sad

ere or"s of architects educated mainly in Austro5ungarian 9mpire , and because of that shaping elements applied ere in

accordance to the standards of these parts% Architects of odernism relied on basic

geometrical shapes, and application of basic principles of shaping, for hich the

most important theoretical contribution as given by 6e *orbusier 1?3 in his

or"s, and hich had immediate influence on creation of city urban structures%

Disappearance of classical urban bloc" ith appearance of ne structures free

standing buildings, stands on the opposite side of importance of corner building

construction hich at the same time creates accompanying public spaces%1@3

5oever, although architects from Novi Sad folloed ne tendencies more thanarchitects of nearby cities of Pannonian 8asin, odernism as not entirely

conducted through construction% Almost none of the five principles of odernism,

not even .free standing building in greenery0 can be recogni-ed in Novi Sad area,

on buildings constructed in analy-ed period% (ecognition of ne style appears only

through application of architectural elements on buildings, applied in recogni-able

manner%

8y construction regulation of the city of Novi Sad from &&?, it as

determined for streets to intersect at the right angle in order to give the city a

symmetrical shape%173 The basic unit as builtin rental house on the regulation

line, and corner builtin houses of rectangular foundation ere situated on the


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fringes of the bloc"s% *onstruction of .ali 6iman0 began in &7, in accordance

to the (egulation plan from &7&, and based on the design of the architect from

8udapest S-ilard Bielins"i from &&, as the greatest urban pro#ect in

the history of Novi Sad


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designed representative corner multifamily buildings in the territory of .ali

6iman0% Numerous buildings ith highlighted corner roundness ere built, hich

as demanded by the anagement of 9ngineers and Technicians Association%

*orner emphasis and highlighting of the buildings as an architectural or" ere

successfully solved only in the period beteen the to Hars%

After the post ar reconstruction, the city got in &CI, a ne general urban

plan, hich defined development pro#ection until &, and in the meantime some

of very important, crucial constructions ere started, hich restricted the use of

corner and corner houses, emphasi-ing freestanding buildings in greenery% 'n

Social odernism e can rarely find e+amples of architecture hich sustains and

emphasi-es corner element% Successful e+amples of corner residential builtinhouse in this period can be found in the contact areas of old and ne urban matri+%

I% TJP)6):J )F PU86'* SPA*9S S'TUAT9D N9KT T) 8U'6T'N*)(N9( 8U'6D'N:S

The main definition of public spaces, ith regard to their physical aspect,

here people are gathering, is undoubtedly built structure hich forms them,

giving them a meaning% *orner position of the house enables impressive trait of a

public space and gives the possibility of introduction of the hole bloc"% *orner

can also be a model for construction of nearby buildings and apart from

faLadeMfaLade sheet, corner is the constituent, morphological element hich

influences the perception of building configuration the most, beginning or the end

of the street, boulevard or avenue along hich the observer or user is going%1I3

*orner house, at the intersection of streets and s4uares, belongs to an important

urban motive, and the ay of its reali-ation results from reali-ation of immediate

city environment%

The main criteria for studying phenomenon of public spaces and corner

buildings interrelationship is defined as follos!

in relation to the building shape %

in relation to the ground floor character of buildings, hich forms a direct

relationship of built structures and open spaces through the mere functionof the spaces on ground floors and through their availability to users% The

purpose of the ground floor of buildings, and articulation of facade sheet,

ma"e the part of uninterrupted functional processes, hich ta"e place

ithin boundaries of public spaces%


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shape, influence the creation of public spaces and their particularity ith regard to

shape and function%

)n the basis of researched area of .ali 6iman0 several basic types of public

spaces situated ne+t to builtin corner buildings have been noticed! s4uare,

pia--etta, street, and par"%

There are to e+amples of s4uares ne+t to builtin corner buildings in the area

of .6ittle 6iman0% This type of public space can be recogni-ed on the e+ample of

Ne-nani #una" S4uare and Ferenc Feher S4uare% 8oth spaces do not have clearly

distinctive characteristics of a s4uare as public city space% :eometrically, s4uare

corners are formed by buildings of rectilinear shapes hich form obtuse angles, so

it can be noticed that there is direct connection of urban bloc" shape and thebuilding itself% S4uare is defined by buildings mainly of multifamily housing

typology, and in both cases the connection of buildings themselves, hich form

s4uare space, is interrupted by line of communications% 9specially on the e+ample

of Ne-nani #una" S4uare the hole public surface is in fact eb of communicationlines hich lead to the 6iberty 8ridge% Public space in Ferenc Feher S4uare is

converted into green space bordered by communication lines, so it is moved aay

from the nearby buildings hich define s4uare space itself% 8oth analy-ed s4uares,

do not have social component hich is necessary for the public space in order to

have meaning for its potential users, and buildings themselves hich form it do not

ma"e a compact hole, neither in shape nor in function%

Fig% I% Public space in Ferenc Feher S4uare

'n scope of urban bloc"s of analy-ed area, along Oovana 8os"ovica Street,

Son#e arin"ovic Street and iha#la Pupina 8oulevard, buildings of rectilinear,

rectangular shapes form pia--etta, green open space, and its main function is

rela+ation of the nearby residents% 8uildings themselves hich form it are

positioned toards public space ith dominant morphological elements, such as

balconies, bay indos, terraces or toers on the corners and in that ay they give

the impression of the uni4ue hole of built and open space% The purpose of theground floors is residential, and therefore the public space of pia--etta ma"es a

unity ith the surrounding buildings, functionally as ell as environmentally%


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Fig% E% Pia--etta, green open space along Oovana 8os"ovica Street, Son#e

arin"ovic Street and iha#la Pupina 8oulevard

*ommunication lines hich are represented in the area of .ali 6iman0 have

contributed to the development of variety of formations of urban bloc"s% 'rregular

shapes of bloc"s have conditioned construction of corner buildings, hichfolloed regulation line and in that ay responded ith their form to the street

grid% 'n that regard, three interrelationships of builtin buildings toards the street,

boulevard and 4uay are typical in analy-ed area%

Fig% 2% 8uiltin corner building hich follos street directions at the

intersection of Son#e arin"ovic and =o#vode isica Streets

The typical e+ample of builtin corner building hich follos street directions

is situated at the intersection of Son#e arin"ovic and =o#vode isica Streets%

(epresented buildings on the corner form obtuse or right angles of bloc"s, and

corners themselves are emphasi-ed by the use of balcony, hich is folloed by

curved or right lines of buildings themselves% Although by doing this, corner isemphasi-ed, i%e% crossroad of the street itself, buildings themselves are

asymmetrical and mainly positioned toards the street here there is entrance%

Since all the buildings are of multifamily residential type, in the sense of

functionality, relationship of the street as a public space and building itself is

reali-ed through entrances situated on the dominant side of each building%

'mportance of character and domination of a public space is observed on

analy-ed buildings hich are situated close to iha#la Pupina 8oulevard and e#

Brtava (aci#e% *orner buildings of the bloc"s beside these to types of public

spaces are residential buildings and office buildings, hich suggests fre4uent use

of public surface and its specific function% 'n that ay the interaction beteenbuildings themselves and public spaces is emphasi-ed even more, and


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environmental hole of built and open space is more unified% The position of the

buildings is especially emphasi-ed by the application of morphological elements of

balconies and terraces toards public spaces%

Fig% C% 8uildings situated along e# Brtava (aci#e

'n relation to par"lands, corner buildings are mainly positioned toards public

spaces ith their entrance% ost commonly they form obtuse angles ithin urban

bloc"s, of rounded or straight lines% The appearance of vertical communication on

the corner itself is typical, as a morphologically dominant element% Since buildingsare not situated immediately on par"land, interaction of built and open spaces is

reali-ed e+clusively visually, and it is emphasi-ed by entranceMe+it location

immediately toards greenery%

Fig%@% *orner builtin buildings across the par"

2% *)N*6US')N

Analy-ing interrelationships of public spaces and builtin corner buildings

from odernism in the area of .ali 6iman0 in Novi Sad, it can be noticed that

direct influence of urban definition as ell as geometry of these buildings derives

as a result of treatment of an urban bloc" as a hole% Hith regard to this,

interrelationship of buildings and public spaces are considered as a hole%

ost prominent types of public spaces hich appear are s4uare, pia--etta,

street, boulevard, 4uay and par"% 8uildings hich are situated directly ne+t to these

public spaces, by their function and geometrical structure, in most analy-ed cases,

have clearly defined interrelationship ith surrounding public spaces% Hhile


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buildings clearly define s4uares, pia--ettas and follo the plan of streets,

boulevards and 4uays, public spaces along ith them, improve the hole built

structure of urban bloc"s in .ali 6iman0 and create 4ualitative environmental

microspaces%

'nfluence on interrelationship of public spaces and corner buildings has

internal organi-ation of the space, and therefore it can be concluded that geometry

of researched buildings and application of different morphological elements follo

dominant internal space on the corner of the building itself %

Hith more comple+ geometry of corner buildings, difference in floor organi-ation

can be noticed, conditioned by the application of different elements in buildingshaping itself, ith the aim to reali-e different relationships and position toards

dominant public space around the building%

Application of different morphological elements has important role in

establishing interaction of all above mentioned types of public spaces and built incorner buildings% *orners of buildings themselves are often shaped by balconies,

galleries, and terraces, and sometimes even more emphasi-ed by addition of flag

masts, sculptures, reliefs and similar morphological elements%

'mportant point of vie and perception is symmetryMasymmetry in shaping

corner buildings% FaLades symmetry is present on most buildings hich are situated

on corners of traffic arteries of the same importance% 'n case hen a building is at

the corner of main and side street or located toards open public spaces


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E% 'A:NS, Novi Sad, F%&2 &@IM&I2%

2% 'rvin %,+ostmoderni trg plaa, 'lini performans nasuprot gluvaren$u u

(oping centru, Urbani spe"ta"l, *lio, Justat, 8eograd, 7%

C% oQel#, O%! /ipologi$a mestne stanovan$ske arhitekture in n$ena sovisnost

morfologi$a mestnega prostora, Univer-itetna "onferenca BSS!

n#iQnica revolucionarne teori#e, 6#ubl#ana, &?@%

@% ubet =%, r"l#eR %, 5iel % ! 0eometri$a ugaonih ob$ekata

oderne u "ovom #adu, 7Eth National and &st 'nternational scientific

convention moN:eometri#a 7?, =rn#a"a 8an#a, 727@% septembar

7?%, pp% &&@ &7I

?% 6e orbi-#e%!1a pravo$ arhitekturi, :raevins"a "n#iga, 8eograd, &%% Pali, %! 2gradn$a alog limana, Sves"a -a istori#u Novog Sada,

Tehni"i list CM&I%

&% Stani, D%! "ovi #ad - od ku3e do ku3e, Bavod -a -aRtitu spomeni"a

"ulture grada Novog Sada, Novi Sad, 72&&% Stupar D%! Hronologi$a urbanog ravo$a grada "ovog #ada do 4564.

godine, 'A:NS, Novi Sad, 7C%

&7% =u#ovi, S%! 7efevrova misao o gradu, Poslediploms"e studi#e, "urs

stanovan#e, ateri#ali sves"a I2, Arhite"tons"i fa"ultet, 8eograd, &@%

ME/UODNOSI 0AVNIH PROSTORA I UGRA/ENIH UGAONIHOB0EKATA NA PRIMERIMA MODERNE# NA PODRU10U MALOG

LIMANA U NOVOM SADU

Milena Krl!e"# Vla$i%ir K&'e(# K)eni!a Hiel

Ugaoni ob#e"ti, prema poloQa#u u urbanom blo"u, posedu#u veu mogunost

slobode obli"ovan#a od ostalih ugraenih ob#e"ata% Svo#om po-ici#om i

sagledavan#em, pre svega i- o"olnih #avnih prostora, dominira#u unutar urbane

matrice nasel#a i vrlo esto predstavl#a#u urbane repere gradova% Specifian

problem predstavl#a upravo pitan#e odnosa ovih ob#e"ata prema #avnom prostoru,

"o#i se nala-i u neposrednom o"ruQen#u% ro- posmatrani period oderne,

problemati"a nastan"a i transformaci#e ob#e"ata na uglu, tretirana #e na ra-liitenaine, a samim tim i o"olni #avni prostor imao #e ra-liite "ara"teristi"e i

vrednosti% Predmet istraQivan#a su ob#e"ti nastali u navedenom periodu na podru#u

Novog Sada i n#ihov meuodnos sa #avnim prostorom, "ro- ra-liite parametre

forme i fun"ci#e% ro- sprovedenu anali-u valori-u#e se "valitet intera"ci#e

ob#e"ata i #avnih prostora, sagledan "ro- n#ihovu morfologi#u, arhite"tons"u i

urbanisti"u stru"turu, ali i "ro- programs"e, soci#alne, psiholoR"e i ambi#entalne

vrednosti%

Interrelationship of Public Spaces

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