Interpretation of indicators on agriculture and fishing

Bruno Lapillonne, Vice President, Enerdata

Reunión Técnica de Trabajo del Proyecto BIEE24 – 26 de febrero, 2014, San José, Costa Rica

Share of agriculture sector in final consumption and GDP

2

Agriculture sector includes: agriculture (farming, cattle breeding…), fishing and forestry

Sector with usually a low share of final energy consumption and GDP but sometimes with a significant contribution in the GDP in less industrialized countries:

• From around 2%-3% of final energy consumption in Chile or Mexico to a range of 5-7% in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina

• From around 5% of GDP in Chile, Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina to 8% in Uruguay and 13% Bolivia and 22% in Paraguay.

• Consumption not well known (e.g. Chile, Bolivia and Paraguay).

• Coverage of energy use not always clear and breakdown not always available between the different sub-sectors.

3

Energy efficiency indicators in agriculture

Overall indicators:• Total energy intensity • Diesel intensity• Electric intensity

Indicators by sub-sector• Energy intensities separated for agriculture, fishing and forestry• Specific consumption per hectare for agriculture• Specific consumption for fishing per boat

Indicators by type of activity (type of crop, of fishing)

Indicators to be related to different explanatory factors: • Rate of mechanization of agriculture• % of agriculture area with irrigation • Rate of equipment in electric and diesel pumps

Out

line

1. Overall indicators2. Indicator by sub-sector3. Indicators by type of activity

5

Trends in energy consumption and agriculture

Trends in value added and energy consumption of agriculture: case of Morocco

Usually strong fluctuations of the value added depending on weather conditions (rainfall) and consumption doe not follow these variations in activity

Source: Medener

consumption

value added

6

Energy intensity trends of agriculture

Strong fluctuations in the energy intensity due strong variations in value added of the sector with climate fluctuations ( draught, flooding… )

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25Argentina Brazil Uruguay

Source : BIEE

7

Energy intensity of agriculture and fishing (2010)

Agriculture is much more energy intensive in Argentina and Uruguay Agriculture not intensive in Paraguay and Bolivia

Source : BIEE

Comparison of energy intensity of agriculture

Out

line

1. Overall indicators2. Indicators by sub-sector3. Indicators by type of activity

9

Energy consumption of agriculture sector by sub -sector

Energy consumption of agriculture fishing and forestry: case of Uruguay

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

agriculture forestry fishingktoe

Source BIEE, from DNE/MME

10

Energy consumption of agriculture sector by sub -sector

Energy consumption of agriculture fishing and forestry: case of Uruguay

2000 20110%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

70% 73%

5% 2%

26% 25%

agriculture forestry fishing

ktoe

Source BIEE, from DNE/MME

11

Energy intensity of agriculture sector by sub –sector: case of Tunisia

15 17 16

17 19

22 21

20

22 22 22

3 5 5 5

6 6 7

6 6 6 6

15 16 15

17 18

21 20

19

21 21 21

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

AgriculturePêcheTotal secteur

Tep / MDT Cst 90

Evolution de l'intensité en électricité du secteur de l'agriculture et la pêcheEnergy intensity of agriculture and fishing in Tunisia

fishing

agriculture

12

Specific energy consumption per ha

El Salvador Tunisia Morocco Uruguay Algeria Lebanon0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.62000 2010

toe/

hect

are

Sources: Tunisia, Morocco, Lebanon and Algeria: Medener; El Salvador, Uruguay: BIEE

Specific energy consumption of agriculture

13

Specific energy consumption of agriculture: impact of irrigation

Irrigation is twice more intensive in Uruguay (around 15% of land irrigated)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

Irrigated agriculture Non irrigated

toe/

ha

Source BIEE, from DNE/MME

Specific energy consumption of agriculture per hectare: irrigated vs non irrigated: Uruguay

14

Specific energy consumption of agriculture: impact of irrigation

In Morocco, irrigated land require more than 6 times more energy

irrigated land

Specific energy consumption of agriculture per hectare: irrigated vs non irrigated: Morocco

toe/ha

15

Specific energy consumption per hectare: irrigated vs non irrigated

Tunisia Morocco Uruguay0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2Average Irrigation

toe/

hect

are

The magnitude of the difference depends on the climate: in Mediterranean countries (e.g. Lebanon or Morocco), the ratio is around 6.

Specific energy consumption of agriculture: impact of irrigation

16

Specific energy consumption for fishing

Tunisia Morocco Fishing fire Fishing trawler0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.52000 2010

toe

per t

on o

f fish

Specific energy consumption for fishing

Out

line

1. Overall indicators2. Indicators by sub-sector3. Indicators by type of activity

579

364 343

630

487

224 293

329

429 356

93 132 107 106 137 148 137

95 128 101 113

1 126

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1 000

1 100

1 200

1 300

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

CéréaicultureArboricultureMaraîchageAutres cultures

Tep / MDT Cst 90

Evolution de l'intensité énergétique du sous secteur de l'agriculture par spéculation

Secheresse

Energy intensity by type of farming: case of Tunisia

19

Energy consumption of fishing by type of fishing: case of Tunisia

Pêche côtière 12 13%

Pêche au feu 17 18%

Aquacuture3,64%

Pêche au thon 3 3%

Pêche au chalutage 61 62%

97 ktep en 2007

Struture de la consommation de gasoil du sous secteur de la pêche en 2007Selon le type de pêche

1,3

1,7 1,9 1,8

2,1 2,1 2,0

2,3 2,1 2,2

0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,6

0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3

1,0

1,6

1,1 0,9 0,9

1,2

1,6 1,4

1,7 1,8

0,6 0,8 0,9 0,9

1,0 1,0 1,1 0,9 1,0

0,8 0,9

2,1

-

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Tep / tonne

Evolution de la consommation spécifique selon les produits de pêche

Specific energy consumption for fishing by type

Tuna fishing Large fishing boats

Coastal fishing

average

The specific consumption for fishing (in toe/t of fish) varies quite a lot with the type of fishing. In Tunisia the average is around 1 toe/ton but it is around 2 for tuna fishing, and only 0.5 toe for coastal fishing

Specific energy consumption for fishing by type: case of Tunisia