Interpersonal_Relationship

8/7/2019 Interpersonal_Relationship

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Self EfficacySelf Efficacy

Self Efficacy is I can belief .Self Efficacy is I can belief .

Self Efficacy is defined as peoples beliefsSelf Efficacy is defined as peoples beliefsabout their capabilities to produceabout their capabilities to producedesignated levels of performance thatdesignated levels of performance thatexercise influence over events.exercise influence over events.

A strong sense of efficacy enhances humanA strong sense of efficacy enhances human

accomplishment and personal well-being.accomplishment and personal well-being. Success builds a robust belief in onesSuccess builds a robust belief in ones

personal efficacy.personal efficacy.


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Why self-efficacy is important?Why self-efficacy is important?

Self-efficacy beliefs influence peoples thoughtSelf-efficacy beliefs influence peoples thought

patterns, emotions and actions (influencepatterns, emotions and actions (influence

human behavior) (Koul & Rubba, 1999).human behavior) (Koul & Rubba, 1999).

Self-efficacy beliefs provide the foundation forSelf-efficacy beliefs provide the foundation for

human motivation, well-being, and personalhuman motivation, well-being, and personal

accomplishment (Pajares, 2002).accomplishment (Pajares, 2002).


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Personal Efficacy ( I Can Belief) andPersonal Efficacy ( I Can Belief) and

Role EfficacyRole Efficacy

Personal Efficacy is a generalised notionPersonal Efficacy is a generalised notion

while self efficacy is a subset and refers towhile self efficacy is a subset and refers to

specific skill sets and competencies.specific skill sets and competencies. Role Efficacy is how confident a personRole Efficacy is how confident a person

feels in approaching a role.feels in approaching a role.


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Effects of EfficacyEffects of Efficacy

Influences the choices people makeInfluences the choices people make

Course of action people pursueCourse of action people pursue

Determines how much effort people expendDetermines how much effort people expend Influences the amount of stress and anxietyInfluences the amount of stress and anxiety

individuals experience.individuals experience.

The level of accomplishment they realise.The level of accomplishment they realise.


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Strong efficacy beliefs create feeling

of certainty in approaching difficulttasks.

Weak self efficacy fosters stress ,

depression, and a narrow vision of

how best to solve a problem.


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Identify the area of high andIdentify the area of high andlow efficacy in your worklow efficacy in your work

(Professional ) situation(Professional ) situation


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SELF DISCLSOURE

: A KEY TOINTIMATE (Complete

Acceptance )RELATIONSHIPS


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Self DisclosureSelf Disclosure :: A DanceA Dance

As per Paul Insel Self Disclosure hasAs per Paul Insel Self Disclosure has

been described as abeen described as a DanceDance

Must be reciprocated at a mutuallyMust be reciprocated at a mutuallyregulated pace.regulated pace.


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Information about Self

Self

Description

Low RiskQuality ( such as

age, favourite

food)

Self Disclosure

High Risk Quality(ones fears , traumas

etc.)


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SELF DISCLOSURE AND RECIPROCITY

Reciprocity is the strongest norm of

disclosure.

Through reciprocal disclosure , one can

confirm other persons self concept and

also have ones self concept confirmed.

Through reciprocity, we gain information

and reduce uncertainty about the other

person.


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Self Disclosure : A fuel ofSelf Disclosure : A fuel of

Intimate RelationshipsIntimate Relationships

According to Derelega, it plays aAccording to Derelega, it plays a

major role in intimate relationships.major role in intimate relationships.

Intimate Relationship impliesIntimate Relationship implies

unconditional positive regard.unconditional positive regard.


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Jourard, founding father ofJourard, founding father ofself disclosure theory andself disclosure theory and

research :research :

Primary goal isPrimary goal is

maintenance of onesmaintenance of ones

mental health.mental health.


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Goals of self disclosureGoals of self disclosure

To gain knowledge about the other personTo gain knowledge about the other personas well as about oneself.as well as about oneself.

Sense of support and confirmation of selfSense of support and confirmation of selfworth.worth.

Acceptance of ones true self.Acceptance of ones true self.

People become free, open and trusting ofPeople become free, open and trusting ofothers.others.


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Benefits of Self DisclosureBenefits of Self Disclosure

Increased accuracy in communicationIncreased accuracy in communication

People need to report both Facts andPeople need to report both Facts andfeelings.feelings.

Reduction of stressReduction of stress

Relationships built on less than honestyRelationships built on less than honesty

are built on sand,are built on sand, Excellent method of repairing a damagedExcellent method of repairing a damaged

relationship.relationship.


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Risks of disclosureRisks of disclosure

High degree of vulnerability.High degree of vulnerability.

True self may be rejected.True self may be rejected.

Too much or too little disclosure canToo much or too little disclosure candamage a relationship (process ofdamage a relationship (process of

disclosure is confusing anddisclosure is confusing and

difficult )difficult )


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How much Disclosure isHow much Disclosure is

appropriate ?appropriate ?

UnderDiscloser :

Wants to remain

in control

OverDiscloser :

Wants someone

to take charge ofones own life.

Golden Rule : Seek a Balance

Complete

Concealment Complete Openness


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Two Models of Self AwarenessTwo Models of Self Awareness

Social Penetration Model ( Irwin AltmanSocial Penetration Model ( Irwin Altman

and Dalmas Taylor )and Dalmas Taylor )

Johari Window ( Joseph Luft and HarryJohari Window ( Joseph Luft and Harry

Ingham )Ingham )


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Your Self with all its various dimensions. The pies represent

the breadth of your self , and the rings represent the depth.

SOCIAL PENETRATION MODELS

A


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An intimate relationship. Disclosure is complete. The inner

most circle is an individuals sense of self or the real self . It is

disclosed in an intimate relationship.

SOCIAL PENETRATION MODELS

D


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JOHARI WINDOW (Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham)

Known to self Not known to self

K

now

n

t

o

Other

Not

Kno

wn

to

Ot h

er

OPEN BLIND

UNKNOWNHIDDEN


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HOW DISCLOSURE HELPS .HOW DISCLOSURE HELPS .

SELF DISCLOSURE

Awareness of self and

Awareness of others

Higher Self

Acceptance

LAYS THE FOUNDATION FOR HONEST RELATIONSHIPS


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Inter Personal RelationshipInter Personal Relationship

A state of Relatedness orA state of Relatedness or

Connectedness between peopleConnectedness between people

( especially an emotional( especially an emotionalconnection )connection )


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Inter Personal RelationshipInter Personal Relationship

helps tohelps to ..

To gain better understanding of onesTo gain better understanding of ones

self.self. To broaden and sharpen onesTo broaden and sharpen ones

sensitivity to the feelings of others.sensitivity to the feelings of others.

To create a conducive workingTo create a conducive workingenvironment.environment.


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RELATIONAL

DEVELOPMENT

INTE

RPE

RSON

AL

CO

MMUNIC

ATION

S f i l


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Stages of interpersonalStages of interpersonal

RelationshipsRelationships

Relationships go through distinct stages.Relationships go through distinct stages. Interpersonal communication is used toInterpersonal communication is used to

move a relationship forward.move a relationship forward.

Often a change in the relationship isOften a change in the relationship ismarked by Turning points.marked by Turning points.

(Specific events that signify or signal a(Specific events that signify or signal achange in the stage of the relationship)change in the stage of the relationship)

Turning points often trigger a discussionTurning points often trigger a discussionamong the partners about the nature ofamong the partners about the nature ofrelationship.relationship.

M d l f l ti hi d l tM d l f l ti hi d l t


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Model of relationship developmentModel of relationship development

(Escalation(Escalation))

Stage FeaturesPre-InteractionAwareness

(silent

Examination)

-Passive Strategy

Acquiring knowledge about

others

Initiationstage

- Presenting a public self tothe other person.

Exploration -Information shared is

relatively more indepth.


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Intensification

stage

Beginning of dependence

on other for self-confirmation.

Intimacy stagePartners seek confirmation

and acceptance of onesself-concept


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Relational De-escalationRelational De-escalation

Turmoil/

Stagnation

Mutual Acceptance declines

De-intensificati

on stage

Decrease the dependence onthe other for self-confirmation.


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Individualization Stage

Get to terms with reality

SeparationStage

Intentional decision toeliminate further interaction.


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Post-Interaction

Efforts may be needed torejuvenate ones sense ofself.


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Escalating RelationshipEscalating Relationship

As relationship escalatesAs relationship escalates

We become more trustingWe become more trusting

Disclosure increaseDisclosure increase

Relationship becomesRelationship becomes

Intimate ( Complete Acceptance )Intimate ( Complete Acceptance )


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Maintaining RelationshipsMaintaining Relationships

-As per researcher Steve Duck, the best-As per researcher Steve Duck, the besttool to sustain a relationship is TALK.tool to sustain a relationship is TALK.

- Able to verify and confirm theirAble to verify and confirm their

CONNECTEDNESS.CONNECTEDNESS.


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- Reduction in intimacy.Reduction in intimacy.

- Reduction in self-disclosure.Reduction in self-disclosure.

- Relationship may descend throughRelationship may descend throughvarious stages before reachingvarious stages before reaching

termination.termination.

- Termination is not inherently bad.Termination is not inherently bad.


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The primary goal of self disclosure is toThe primary goal of self disclosure is to

build strong and healthy interpersonalbuild strong and healthy interpersonal

relations.relations.

Interpersonal_Relationship

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