Interoperability: the value of recombinant potential
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Interoperability:the value of recombinant potential
Lorcan Dempsey
VP Research and Chief Strategist
ARLIS 2004, New York, April 2004
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Overview
• MARC
• MARC-XML, MODS, Dublin Core, Onix, IEEE LOM, VRA Core, …
• EAD, TEI, DC, MARC
• METS, SCORM, DIDL, …
• DDI, FGDC, ...
• MARC AMC, EAD, DC, RSLP, …
• RDF, OWL, SKOS, …
• NCIP, ISO-ILL, …
• OAI, RSS, ATOM, …
• OAIS, METS, OCLC/RLG, …
• Z39.50, SRW/U, Xquery, …
• SOAP, WSDL, UDDI, REST, …
• GIF, TIFF, PNG, JPEG, …
• XML, XSLT, …
• DDC, LCSH, LCC, TGN, AAT, …
• PURL, DOI, ISTC, URN, Info-URI, …
• XRML,ODRL,..
• GIF, TIFF, PNG, JPEG, …
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Interoperability as recombinant potential• Can I
– navigate across several databases by subject, by name, by place, by resource type, by educational level?
– add a document to a repository?– add a repository to a distributed query?– fuse metadata from one database with another?– assemble these resources into a learning package?– embed an interactive service in my exhibition, my reading list, my
campus portal?– ingest a content package into an archive? – take a content package out of an archive in 10 years time?– cite a document in a repository?– bring resources into my own workspace?
• With– as little custom work as possible– as little precoordinated agreement as possible
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Interoperability is an economic issue
• Extract maximum value from investment in – Data (metadata and content)– Services
• By ensuring that they are – Sharable– Reusable– Recombinable
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Interoperability is an economic issue
• Allow users focus on productive use of learning and research resources rather than on the messy mechanics of interaction.
• Allow resource managers develop routine approaches.
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Licensed collections
New aggregations
Virtual reference
user environmentsresource environment
Library serviceLibrary serviceenvironmentenvironmentLibrary serviceLibrary serviceenvironmentenvironment
Institutional repository
Digitized collections
E-reserveCatalog
Personal collections
exhibitions
PDAs
learning management systems
campus portal
course materialtext book
new scholarly resources
readinglists
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Simple descriptive metadata
‘Element set’
Information model
Encoding
Values
Application profile
FRBRINDECSCIDOC
MARCDCVRA CoreMODS
AACR2LCSH…Names
XMLISO2709RDF
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Sim
ple
Desc
rip
tionItemCollections
Dublin Core
RSLP
OAI set record
TEI
VRA Core
ONIX MARC 8
CSDGM
Item metadataCollection levelmetadata
More simple
Less simple
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A ‘portal’ example
Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
I need a few
references
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
authenticationauthentication
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Directory: user profileDirectory: user profile
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Query brokerQuery broker
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Directory: service description
Directory: service description
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Content: results listContent: results list
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I’d like to get this book.
Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Request brokerRequest broker
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Directory: ILL policyDirectory: ILL policy
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Directory: service descriptionDirectory: service description
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Content: circ/ILL systemContent: circ/ILL system
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I need this article too.
Application architecture
Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Request brokerRequest broker
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
openURL resolveropenURL resolver
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Directory: local knowledge baseDirectory: local knowledge base
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Directory: service descriptionDirectory: service description
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Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
Content: articleContent: article
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Directory: ILL policy
Directory: ILL policy
Common services
Content services
Application services
Presentation services
AuthenticationAuthentication
Directory: user profile
Directory: user profile
Query brokerQuery broker
Directory: service description
Directory: service description
Reference dbReference db
Request brokerRequest broker
Circ/ILL systemCirc/ILL systemOpenURL resolverOpenURL resolver
Directory: local knowledge base
Directory: local knowledge base
Article dbArticle db
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Some important areas
• Item metadata– MARC– DC– IEEE-LOM– VRA-core– MODS
• Content packages– SCORM– METS– MPEG 21 DIDL
• Hierarchical description– EAD
• Text markup– TEI
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Some important areas
• Sharing data– OAI– RSS
• Identifiers
• Query– Z39.50– SRW/U
• Reference linking– OpenURL
• Controlled vocabs– Topics– Names– Places
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An institutional perspective
• High acronymic density a source of bewilderment
• Makers and takers
• State of the art keeps receding over the horizon
• Does balkanization leads to sub-optimal approaches?