Interneuron diversity and the cortical circuit for attention Paul Tiesinga Computational...
Transcript of Interneuron diversity and the cortical circuit for attention Paul Tiesinga Computational...
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Interneuron diversity and the cortical circuit for attention
Paul TiesingaComputational Neurophysics Lab at UNC
http://neuro.physics.unc.edu
Title art: from the 2005 Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge organized by Science Magazine
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A “VSD” Experiment
Map(s), connectivity:
suppression, facilitation, biased competition, STRFs, synchrony
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LGN Input to cortex
Output of cortex
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1. Interneurons
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Interneuron diversity
FFI: PV+/FS
TDI CR+/CB+
Markram et al (2004) NRN
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Circuit of CR+ interneurons
RatMacaque
Meskanaite, CerCor (1997)
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2. Stimulus competition (V4)
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The model
E
FFI
TDI
E
FFI
TDI
Column 1 Column 2
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Picture from Okinawa course website
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Symbols for Stimulus conditions
Neuron 1 Neuron 2
Pref.
stimulus
Nonpref.
stimulus
Receptive fieldNeuron 2
Receptive fieldNeuron 1
+ + Stimulus location 2
Stimulus location 1
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The model (1250 synaptically-coupled single-compartment neurons with Hodgkin-Huxley-type channels)
E
FFI
TDI
E
FFI
TDI
Topdown: FEFColumn 1
Feedforward: V2
TDI: top-down interneuronFFI: feed-forward interneuronFEF: frontal eye fields
50
75
500
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Stimulus competition requires a switch
E E
E
FFI
E
E
FFI
Buia & PT,JNP 2008
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3. Attention modulation (V4)
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Task and so on
Attend away from receptive field
Attend into receptive field
Salinas & Sejnowski NRN 2001
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Feature attention
Attend the feature red (preferred feature neuron 1)
Attend the feature blue (preferred feature neuron 2)
+ +
+ +
Feature attention
E
FFI
TDI
F-att
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Feature attention biases competition
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Response-gain like
A B
0 0.5 10
20
40
60
E1
rate
(H
z)
P Contrast0 0.5 1
0
20
40
60
E1
rate
(H
z)P Contrast
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Spatial attention
+ +Spatial attention to location 1
+ + Spatial attention to location 2
Spatial attention
E
FFI
TDI
S-att
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Spatial attention biases competition
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Contrast-gain like
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Hypothesis
Feature attention versus spatial attention
• Top-down (first) versus bottom-up (later)
• Response gain versus contrast gain
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4. Back to interneurons
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Contrast response surface of E-cells
Stimulus competition
R min(Rp ,Rnp )Rp Rnp
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The FFI always increase their rate with spatial attention
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With feature attention, FFI rate changes are in
opposite direction to those of E-cells
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5. Oscillations and synchrony
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Stimulus competition is signaled by beta oscillations
E1
FFI1
E2
FFI2
Stimulus onset
Buia & PT,JNP 2008
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In the pair condition, synchrony during feature-attention has a beta and gamma component
E
FFI
TDI
E
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Beta vs Gamma
E
FFI
TDI
E
FFI
TDI
Gamma(ING)
Beta (PING)
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Summary•For the first time the responses at the ‘four corners’ under different attention conditions are reproduced using a single, spiking network model (Exp: many).
• Two types of interneurons (FFI, TDI) are needed.
•During spatial attention the FFI increase their rate, whereas during feature attention they decrease their rate. (Exp: Mitchel et al 2007)
•The TDI increase their rate with feature attention and synchronize their home column. (Exp: none)
•Strong competition between the two columns leads to beta oscillations, whereas feature attention leads to gamma oscillations. (Exp: Bichot et al 2005)
•Hypothesis: TDI are CR+ (or CB+) double bouquet cells, possibly adapting,FFI are PV+ basket cells, fast spiking.
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Experimental confirmation
Monkey model
• Task combining feature and spatial attention with same stimulus
• Distinguish interneurons from pyramidal cells
• Rabies/herpes virus based transsynaptic tracing
Mice model
• Interneuron specific promoter coupled to fluorescent protein
• Two photon calcium imaging
• Develop behavioral task
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Thanks to
•Calin Buia (Harvard Medical School)
•Amelia Cohen (UNC)
•Terry Sejnowski (Salk institute)
•Jorge Jose (SUNY Buffalo/Northeastern University)