Internet of Things (IoT): The Big Picture · 2016-11-16 · Department of Electronics and...
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Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Internet of Things (IoT): The Big Picture Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland Vitaly Petrov: [email protected]
Transcript of Internet of Things (IoT): The Big Picture · 2016-11-16 · Department of Electronics and...
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
Internet of Things (IoT): The Big Picture
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
Vitaly Petrov: [email protected]
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
IoT at a glance
q Internet of Things is: o A concept o A trend o “The network of physical objects that contain
embedded technology to communicate and sense or interact with their internal states or the external environment”
o “The infrastructure of the information society” o Many more...
q [!] Almost any R&D topic in Computer Science today can be connected with IoT q Not bounded to a certain layer / area q Too much data about: definitions, predictions, etc.
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Evolution of IoT
Disclaimer 1: The presented vision is highly disputative Disclaimer 2: The presented vision is narrow enough to fit it into the lecture time
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Ancestor (root) 1: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Automatically identify and track tags attached to objects
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Why RFID is a root for IoT? (1)
Library example: q Application 1: Add a new book to the library:
o Book (thing) -> operator -> Computer (thing)
q Application 2: Remove/take a book from the library: o Book (thing) -> operator -> Computer (thing)
q Application 3: Change book description (e.g. price) o Book (thing) -> operator -> Computer (thing)
Ø Desire: remove operator (costs, speed, reliability)
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Why RFID is a root for IoT? (2)
Improved library example: q Application 1: Add a new book to the library:
o Book (thing) -> Computer (thing)
q Application 2: Remove/take a book from the library: o Book (thing) -> Computer (thing)
q Application 3: Change book description (e.g. price) o Book (thing) -> Computer (thing)
Ø Issue: communications technology (not RFID)
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Ancestor (root) 2: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
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Why WSN is a root for IoT? (1)
Remote factory control example: q Application 1: Temperature monitoring:
o Sensor (thing) -> Aggregator (thing) -> Router (thing) -> Internet nodes (things) -> Monitoring computer (thing) -> Operator
q Application 2: Remote maintenance (send command) o Operator -> Monitoring computer (thing) ->
Internet nodes (things) -> Router (thing) -> Sensor (thing)
Ø Desire: remove operator (costs, speed, reliability)
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
Why WSN is a root for IoT? (2)
Improved remote factory control example: q Application 1: Temperature monitoring:
o Sensor (thing) -> Aggregator (thing) -> Router (thing) -> Internet nodes (things) -> Monitoring computer (thing) -> Automated decision
q Application 2: Remote maintenance (send command) o Command -> Monitoring computer (thing) ->
Internet nodes (things) -> Router (thing) -> Sensor (thing)
Ø Issue: intelligent decision making
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So, the IoT, at least, is about:
q Component 1: Communication technology o Reliable over human-unattended devices o Automated joining/leaving (connection/
disconnection, authentication, security, etc.) q Component 2: Decision making
o Reliable over human-unattended devices o Capable to make non-trivial decisions
q Component 3: “Vertical” Interfaces o Connecting components 1 and 2 o Translating the data and decision/commands
Ø Huge room for R&D
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Why IoT requires any R&D?
q Fundamentally different concept from the people-centric computer networks o All (even non-trivial) decisions have to be fully/
mostly automated o Higher level of automation => reliability gain and
cost reduction
q Many big and small challenges at all the layers o Caused by inherent specifics of IoT
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Layer 0: Hardware
q 10+ years battery lifetime q 1-2 USD cost per device q Small scale electronics q High reliability required
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Layer 1: Physical
q Low-cost radio vs. high reliability => How? q 1-2 USD cost per device vs. high reliability => How? q 10+ years battery lifetime vs. small scale => How?
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Layer 2: Data link
q Human traffic: o Session-oriented o Long (in time): minutes and hours o Great in terms of data (calls, streaming video,
data, e.g. files upload/download) o Stochastic o Few devices
q IoT traffic (typically, excluding video): o Small bursts of data (tens of KB) o Periodic o Great number of devices
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Layer 3: Network
q Numerous devices => high addressing overhead q Numerous small packets => high propagation
overhead q Coexistence with human traffic
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Layer 4: Transport
q High reliability vs. unpredictable delay in Internet o Similar to Human networks, but the demands are
different
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Layer 5: Session
q End-to-end security q Privacy and trust (first of all, how to define them)
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Layer 6: Presentation
q Data “visualization” for the automated decision systems
q Command translation into formal language
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Layer 7: Application (plus services and business models)
q Human-to-machine interaction q Business models q Monetization
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Vision on people-centric IoT
USER
Intentionand
desires
Locationand
context
Conditionand
mood
CONSUMER context INDUSTRIAL context
Smartwatch
AR glasses
Wearable camera
Pettracking
Smart commuting Health
monitoring
Mission-critical alerts
Smarttracking
Personalizedadvertisments
Socialdiscovery
Smart logistics
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Natural next step
q Merge the Internet of Things and Internet of Humans q Get: Internet of Everything (IoE) q Harmonization through all the layers
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We can’t solve everything at once... Money, money, money, and concepts
Thus, the problems are solved independently: q Radio technologies optimization:
o Machine-to-machine communications (M2M) o Machine-type communications (MTC)
q Computation and caching on intermediate nodes: o Edge computing or fog computing
q Factory automation as a primary use case: o Industrial Internet
q Specific delay-critical applications: o Tactile Internet and Internet of Skills
q (partly for IoT) Analysis of massive amounts of data: o Big Data
q (partly for IoT) Low-cost security and privacy primitives: o Lightweight cryptography
