K. Lakshmi Kalpana Roy

Session 1 – Focal areaSession 1 – Focal area

• Network• Internet– The History– Terminologies– Services

• Facilities for communication over internet– Tools for Communication over internet• Synchronous Tools Chat, Videoconference• Asynchronous Tools Email, Blog, News group

NetworkNetwork

• A group of computers and associated devices that are connected by communications facilities

More about networksMore about networks

• Involve permanent connections or temporary connections.

• centralized network – a central computer a server– other computers nodes

• Small or large• Provide the means of communicating and

transferring information electronically• Communication simple user-to-user

messages or distributed processes

InternetInternet

• network of networks that are– interconnected physically;– capable of communicating and sharing data with

each other; and– able to act together as a single network

• largest network communication can take place even though computers are physically apart.

Internet – Its HistoryInternet – Its History

• 1969 U.S. Department of Defense ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork)

• Next two decades Academic institutions, Scientists, the Govt. for research and communications

• 1992 commercial entities offered Internet to general public

Internet TerminologiesInternet Terminologies

1. Website2. Web Page3. Browsing4. Web Server5. Web Browser6. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

Internet Terminologies - continues

7. ISP (Internet Service Provider)8. Modem (MOdulator - DEModulator)9. Protocol10.HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) -

http://www.yahoo.com11.TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/

Internet Protocol)

Services offered by the Internet

Services offered by the Internet

• E-mail (Electronic mail)• WWW (World Wide Web)• Gopher• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)• Usenet• Telnet

Facilities for Communication over

the Internet

Facilities for Communication over

the Internet

CommunicationCommunication

• A process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, opinion and emotions through speech, signals, writing or behavior

ChannelChannel

Encodes Encodes informationinformation

Decodes Decodes informationinformation

• Real time communication; same time but different places

• Advantage engage people directly at same time.

• Disadvantages – requires same time participation.– Conflict in time schedule; different time zone– Costly– Significant bandwidth

ChatChat

• any kind of communication over internet• offers an instantaneous transmission of text-

based messages from sender to receiver.

More about ChatMore about Chat

• a service offered by some ISPs & some internet sites

• Sets space in which two or more users can meet in a real time

• point-to-point communications or multicast communications

• Public and private chat rooms multiple participants

• Some chat rooms use both text and voice simultaneously

Instant Messaging (IM) Instant Messaging (IM)

• another form of chat.• one-to-one communication • started when the users are simultaneously

online

• Google Talk • Skype • Windows Live Messenger • Yahoo! Messenger

Software for ChattingSoftware for Chatting

Graphical multi-user environments

Graphical multi-user environments

• add graphical background 2D or 3D (employing virtual reality technology)

• users to create or build their own spaces• visual chat rooms audio and video

communications

TeleconferencingTeleconferencing

• use of electronic transmission to permit same time, different place meeting.

• live exchange of information • persons and machines linked by a

telecommunications system• Teleconferencing Audio conferencing,

Video Conferencing and Audio graphic Conferencing

VideoconferencingVideoconferencing

• The conduct of a videoconference (also known as video teleconference) by a set of telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions.

• interactive meeting • two or more groups of people see using

television screens• simulates a face-to-face meeting • no travel• Saves time and energy

The Hardware for VideoconferenceThe Hardware for Videoconference

• A camera• A headset• Network• Screen• Projector

What are possible through video conference?

What are possible through video conference?

• Conducting interview• Organising meeting and lectures• Business marketing• Teaching• Discussion

Video Conferencing in Education

Video Conferencing in Education

• connects remote students to teachers• leads students on virtual tours• Video conferencing lessons ignite interest

and enthusiasm for learning

• Different time- different place mode• User’s own convenience and schedule• Advantage involve people from multiple time

zones. • Disadvantages – No immediate feedback is possible.– Difficult to keep track of collaboration– Technology can be costly.– Information must be organized and searchable or it

is lost.

E-mail (Electronic mail)E-mail (Electronic mail)

• One of the first services offered by internet• Allows sending information from one person

to another, or to many others through computer.

• Login name network user• Electronic mail box with that name• E-mail standards

E-mail structureE-mail structure

xyxyxyxyyxx@gmail.com

Discussion on e-mailDiscussion on e-mail

• Group e-mail account create collaborative groups

• Reflectors/ exploders• Redistribute mail automatically• Any user can join the mailing list• Receive announcement/ advertisements/ e-

journals/ newsletters

• Rich learning experience• Communicate with tutor• Interact and explore on topics• Feedback mechanism

Advantages of E-mailAdvantages of E-mail

• Fast and cheap • compose & review message before sending • Ideal for international communications • check from anywhere in the world; • include all or part of previous messages.• send same message to predefined.• include attached files• paste from other applications directly

Disadvantages of e-mailDisadvantages of e-mail

• don't know when/if your message has been read

• Privacy issues • Easy to get swamped

E-mail for EducationE-mail for Education

• feedback and communication tool• Case Study: The Open University, UK– Faster assignment return; immediate feedback– Robust model for queries, with greater reliability– Increased interaction with tutor and students;– Extending learning experiences beyond tutorial– Communication

• Student-Student• Student-Teacher• Teacher-Parent

BlogBlog

• Web Log• Web site on which individual/ group of users

record opinions, information, etc. on a regular basis.

• Entries journal style • reverse chronological order (Latest first)• commentary or news on a particular subject• text, images, links to other blogs, web pages• one-way communication

• Photoblog photographs• Vlog video• Podcasting audio

Educational blogs Educational blogs

• communication space teachers utilise with students

• share ideas, reflect on work done in the classroom

• empowers the students to write and communicate.

News group News group

• a discussion about a particular subject consisting of information hosted on a central website and redistributed through Usenet, a worldwide network of news discussion groups

• like an electronic public notice board • post or read a message• Subscribe to news groups• newsreader automatically downloads new

messages or "posts"

News group for EducationNews group for Education

• electronic discussion groups for course subjects

• local and distance students

PostPost

• message on a newsgroup • Article• Any new post or a response to previous post• Reply to a post creates a thread

Who supervise the news group?

Who supervise the news group?

• moderated by an instructor or student monitor

• previews all postings• decides and chooses which postings are valid

and appropriate • provide input to the discussions• leads discussions in a certain direction

Website on news group for education

Website on news group for education

• misc.education - educational system. • misc.education.adult - Adult education and adult literacy

practice/research • misc.education.home-school.misc - anything about home-

schooling. • misc.education.medical - medical education. • misc.education.multimedia - Multimedia for education• misc.education.science - science education.• edu.school.el.th101 - Education school electronics theory

101

Session 2 – Focal areaSession 2 – Focal area

• INFLIBNET• N-LIST• Shodhganga• Digital Library Consortium• SOUL

• E-Learning• Web Search Engine

INFormation and LIbrary NETwork (INFLIBNET)

INFormation and LIbrary NETwork (INFLIBNET)

• 1991 a major National Programme by UGC• Head Quarters Gujarat University,

Ahmedabad.• Started as a project under IUCAA (Inter

University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)

• 1996 independent Inter-University Centre (IUC)

• creating infrastructure to share library and information resources and services

• Academic and Research Institutions

Objectives of INFLIBNETObjectives of INFLIBNET

• promote and establish communication facilities• Improve information transfer, access, that provide

support to scholarship, learning, research and academic pursuit through cooperation and involvement of agencies

• facilitate academic communication• collaborate with institutions, libraries, information

centres • promote R&D• generate revenue by providing consultancies and

information services

• To establish INFLIBNET– promote and implement computerization of operations ;

follow a uniform standard– evolve a national network interconnecting ; improve

information handling and service– provide reliable access to document collection of libraries

on-line union catalogue of serials, theses/ dissertations, books, monographs and non-book materials, etc.

– develop new methods and techniques for documentation of valuable information ; digital media (Indian languages)

– optimize information resource utilization shared cataloguing, , inter-library loan service, catalogue production, collection development avoid duplication.

– create databases of projects, institutions, specialists, etc. to provide on-line information service

– train and develop human resources computerized library network

N-LISTN-LIST

• UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium• INFLIBNET Centre • INDEST-AICTE Consortium, IIT Delhi

• cross-subscription to e-resources (INDEST-AICTE universities & UGC INFONET technical institutions)

• access to selected e-resources to colleges

Components of N-LISTComponents of N-LIST

ShodhgangaShodhganga

• a reservoir of Indian Electronic Theses by INFLIBNET

• Theses and dissertations rich & unique source of information for research work

• "Shodh" Sanskrit research and discovery• "Ganga“ the holiest, largest, longest of all

rivers in Indian subcontinent symbol of India’s age-long culture and

civilization

• Shodhganga reservoir of Indian intellectual output stored in a repository

• hosted and maintained by INFLIBNET Centre• a platform for research students deposit

Ph.D. theses; make it available to entire scholarly community in open access

Digital Library ConsortiumDigital Library Consortium

• Access to E-resources on Additional IPs • Universities encouraged to purchase

additional IP based Internet bandwidth from ISP

• E-resources IP address of BSNL & also on additional IP

• Not on broad band connectivity

UGC-Infonet UGC-Infonet 

• ambitious programme of UGC to interlink all the Universities in the country with state-of-art technology

• w.e.f 1st April 2010• 10 Mbps(1:1) Leased line was being

established in 182 universities by using Fiber to provide Internet Services

• INFLIBNET executing and monitoring the entire project.

SOULSoftware for University

Libraries

SOULSoftware for University

Libraries• state-of-the-art integrated library

management software• Designed and developed by INFLIBNET• user-friendly software developed to work

under client-server environment• compliant to international standards for

bibliographic formats, networking and circulation protocols

• to automate all house keeping operations in library• The latest version of the software i.e. SOUL 2.0 was

released in January 2009• compliant to international standards such as MARC

21 bibliographic format, Unicode based Universal Character Sets for multilingual bibliographic records and NCIP 2.0 and SIP 2 based protocols for electronic surveillance and control

E-libraryE-library

• digital library • Type of retrieval system• organized and structured collection of digital

objects in a distributed environment• Assists users search, evaluate, utilize

resources in any format• Content storage locally or remote

Advantages of e-library Advantages of e-library

• No physical boundary• Round the clock availability• Multiple access• Information retrieval• Preservation and conservation• Space: • Added value• Easily accessible

Web search engineWeb search engine

• web sites that store information and distribute information based on key words

• different from subject directories• spiders or robots computer programs

crawl the Web and log the words on each page

• Search information on the WWW and FTP servers

Search engine – The Concept

Search engine – The Concept

• automated software programs• spiders or bots• build their databases by surveying web pages• Data collected added to the search engine

index• enter a query (input) checked in search

engine's index • best URLs are returned

Basic searching tipsBasic searching tips

• Keep it simple• Add relevant words • Try words that a website would use • Use only the important words • Let Google do the work special type of

search (calculations, weather, etc)

The KeywordsThe Keywords

• search engine an online directory of the websites• words which describe these websites• Words typed by users • most popular relevant keywords• Take care in selecting or choosing a keyword

good keywords make the website popular and famous bad keywords may cause the site to be banned.

Advantages of Search EngineAdvantages of Search Engine• Indexes vast• sophistication of software to precisely describe the information that we

seek.• variety of search engines enriches the Internet• drawn to research-oriented sites. • Wikipedia an open-source online reference site • Used for shopping; Amazon, eBay, and Shopping.com• generate a variety of sources for information. • Results online encyclopedias, news stories, university studies, discussion

boards, personal blogs • aid in organizing information into an organized list.• provide refined or more precise results.