International Workshop on Emulsion Technique 2008/Jan/24,25 Emulsion Hybrid Telescope for Cosmic...
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Transcript of International Workshop on Emulsion Technique 2008/Jan/24,25 Emulsion Hybrid Telescope for Cosmic...
International Workshop on Emulsion Technique2008/Jan/24,25
Emulsion Hybrid Telescopefor
Cosmic Gamma-ray Observation
S. Aoki (Kobe) / S. Takahashi (Nagoya)
for
Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope Group
( Kobe U., Nagoya U., Aichi U.Edu., ISAS/JAXA,
Okayama Sci.U., Utsunomiya U. )
Emulsion can measure …
brightness (magnitude) color (wavelength) directionof the light.
event rate (flux) energy (momentum) directionof gamma-ray photon.
So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.
Telescope observes …
Emulsion can measure …
brightness (magnitude) color (wavelength) directionof the light.
event rate (flux) energy (momentum) directionof gamma-ray photon.
So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.
Telescope observes …
Radio WaveInfra Red Visible LightUltra VioletX ray
optical imaging is possible
Emulsion can measure …
brightness (magnitude) color (wavelength) directionof the light.
event rate (flux) energy (momentum) directionof gamma-ray photon.
So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.
Telescope observes …
pair creation
2 mrad
Current Situation in various wavelength range
ex. Crab nebula (M1)
Radio (VLA)
Infra Red (2MASS)
Visible (Palomar)
Ultra Violet (UIT)
X ray (Chandra)
“TeV” Gamma (HESS)
“GeV” Gamma (EGRET)
30 mrad100 mrad
a lot of room to improve for “GeV” Gamma
ConverterEmulsionmetal foil
spacer
Calorie Meter
( Emulsion + Lead )
Fiber Tracker( X and Y )
Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope
S = 1m2, = 0.5 (tan < 1.0) Launched by scientific balloon (35km alt. = 5g/cm2) volume scan conversion point measure slope in arcmin get “time stamp” by Scintillating Fiber Tracker
check time profile in order to exclude atmospheric gamma-ray event based on “orientation monitor” and “time stamp”
get the direction w.r.t celestial sphere
γ
Emulsion is traditional detectorin Cosmic-ray Study
mountain: -meson discovery
hyperon (strange particle)
airplane: X-particle (naked charm)
balloon: primary cosmic-ray
JACEE, RUNJOB etc.
RUNJOB
balloonvolume
(m3)
chamber mass(kg)
chamber area(m2)
launched landed duration(h)
RUNJOB1 180000 230 0.4 1995/7/15 1995/7/20 130
RUNJOB2 180000 230 0.4 1996/7/19 1996/7/25 167
RUNJOB3 180000 254 0.4 1996/7/17 1996/7/23 134
RUNJOB4 180000 254 0.4 1995/7/18 1995/7/24 147.5
RUNJOB5 180000 260 0.4 1997/7/ 9 1997/7/15 139.5
RUNJOB6 180000 270 0.4 1997/7/11 1997/7/17 139.5
RUNJOB7 180000 268 0.4 1997/7/16 failed -RUNJOB8 180000 0.4 1999/7/8 1999/7/14 142
RUNJOB9 180000 0.4 1999/7/12 1999/7/18 145
RUNJOB10 180000 0.4 1999/7/13 1999/7/19 146.5
RUNJOB11 180000 0.4 1999/7/14 1999/7/20 145
JACEEFlight
Launch Date
Launch SiteAltitude [g/cm2]
Duration [hours]
Area [m2]
Exposure [m2 ・ hr]
JACEE-0 May 1979 Sankiku(Japan) 8.0 29.0 0.2 5.80
JACEE-1 Sep 1979 Palestine(Texas) 3.7 25.2 0.8 20.16
JACEE-2 Oct 1980 Palestine(Texas) 4.0 29.6 0.8 23.68
JACEE-3 Jun 1982 Greenville(S.Carolina) 5.0 39.0 0.25 9.75
JACEE-4 Jun 1983 Palestine(Texas) 5.0 59.5 0.8 47.60
JACEE-5 Oct 1984 Palestine(Texas) 5.0 14.5 0.8 11.60
JACEE-6 May 1986 Palestine(Texas) 4.0 30.0 0.8 24.00
JACEE-7 Jan 1987 Alice Springs(Australia) 5.0 150.0 0.6 90.00
JACEE-8 Feb 1988 Alice Springs(Australia) 5.0 120.0 0.6 72.00
JACEE-9 Sep 1990 Fort Sumner(New Mexico) 4.0 44.0 0.8 35.20
JACEE-10 Dec 1990 McMurdo(Antarctica) 3.5 204.0 0.24 48.96
JACEE-11 Dec 1993 McMurdo(Antarctica) 4.5 217.5 1.2261.00
Not recover
JACEE-12 Jan 1994 McMurdo(Antarctica) 5.0 211.0 1.2 253.20
JACEE-13 Dec 1994 McMurdo(Antarctica) 5.0 310.0 1.2 372.00
JACEE-14 Dec 1995 McMurdo(Antarctica) 5.0 350.0 1.2 420.00
0.003
0.003
0.1
0.11.2
7.0
4060 121
605
920018400
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
cm2 /
h
TS(1994) NTS(1996) UTS(1998)SUTS(2006)SUTS(2007) Future
Scanning Power Roadmap
1stagefacility
Scanning Power Roadmap
MSC
now
near future
×100
CHORUS/DONUT CHORUS
OPERA
1m2 / h
Long Duration Flight (120 ~ 160 hours) at mid-latitude ・ RUNJOB succeeded launch/recover 10 times
out of 11 times trial (ave. 140hour / flight) ・ Background track accumulation @ JACEE film (150hours exp.) has been confirmed analyzable by U.T.S. at Nagoya
Signal Yield (based on EGRET flux) Club Nebula E > 100MeV E > 1GeV
226108 ph/cm2/sec 20108 ph/cm2/sec 1m2 6hour/day 488 ph / m2 / day 43 ph / m2 / day 5days (120h)/flight 2440 ph / flight 215 ph / flight (film+foil) 100 1 Xo thick converts more than half of photon
S/N=40 (E >1.0GeV) against to atmospheric gamma-ray @5g/cm 2
(extrapolation from BETS observation )
Signal Yield and S/N ratio
Pilot Study
2004/05 Balloon@Sanriku(36km)
Cosmic-ray Pb 1mm “ 10GeV ” EM-shower
2004/12 SPring-8 Inv. Comptonγ-ray beam
Cu 50m
“ 1GeV ” e-pair observationconfirm angular resolution
2007/7,9 Mt. Norikura(2.77km)
Cosmic-ray Cu 50m
“ 100MeV ” e-pairTime Stamp
large size (40cm50cm) OPERA film provided by Fuji Film (Mr. Kanazawa)
Pilot Study 1.Balloon Exp @ Sanriku 2004/May/30
Micro Segment Chamber
1.5mm1.5mm
10.5cm
6.5cm
hadron j et
electroron shower
g amma shower
Pilot Study 1. Balloon Exp @ Sanriku 2004/May/30
Pilot Study
2004/05 Balloon@Sanriku(36km)
Cosmic-ray Pb 1mm “ 10GeV ” EM-shower
2004/12 SPring-8 Inv. Comptonγ-ray beam
Cu 50m
“ 1GeV ” e-pair observationconfirm angular resolution
2007/7,9 Mt. Norikura(2.77km)
Cosmic-ray Cu 50m
“ 100MeV ” e-pairTime Stamp
Detail will be discussed by S. Takahashi Poster Presentation
plate- 1 20 21 35 36 50
Cu 50m Pb 500m
plate- 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Cu 50m
Converter Energy Measure
Pilot Study 2. @SPring-8
PM
MA
15mm t
Angular Resolution (MC simulation)
experimentally confirmed0.1deg (@1GeV~2GeV)
GLAST readout error
+ 0.3m
× 0.2m
* 0.1m
1 mrad
Pilot Study 3Hybrid Test at Mt. Norikura
γ(atomospheric)
12.5cm
10cm
Em 1Cu 1Em 2Cu 2Em 3Cu 3Em 4
Cu 27Em 28Cu 28Em 29Cu 29Em 30
21 hours @ 2770m
・・・・
・
1cm
10cm10cm
Fiber Tracker
We are developing Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescopewith large acceptance (=0.5) and precise angular resolution (arcmin) ・ temporally transient object: GRB (short and long) etc. ・ spatially spread object: SNR (relatively near) etc. ・ and any exotic phenomenaThese observation must be exciting.
Summary
H.E.S.S. RX J1713.7-3946 PSR J1803-2137
color: TeV gamma by H.E.S.S.
contour: X-ray by ASCA
1deg