International Trends in Solid Waste Handling: 2013
Transcript of International Trends in Solid Waste Handling: 2013
International Trends in
Solid Waste Handling: 2013 by
Thomas R. Halbach Department of Soil, Water and Climate
University of Minnesota
March 14, 2013
Solid Waste Management &
Recycling Export Roundtable
Carlson School of Management
Minneapolis, MN. USA
Learning Objectives &
Overview
Learn about current estimates of trends in
solid waste handling from a global
perspective.
Identify the challenges with these changes.
Identify additional sources of information.
My Background
18 Lectures in China MSW Waste Policy
Source Separation of Organic Wastes
Waste to Energy
Composting
Soil Remediation
Other Solid Waste Work in:
Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Argentina
Sources
World Bank Waste Study 2012.
By Daniel Hoornweg and Perinaz Bhada-Tata
International Solid Waste Association (ISWA)
United Nations Environment Programme
Waste Management World
Bureau of International Recycling (aisbl)
Eurostat environmental data centre on waste
Waste Commission of Shanghai Municipality
Municipal Solid Waste Management is
often the Most Important Service a City
Provides.
In low-income countries, MSW is often the largest
single budget item for cities, and one of the largest
employers.
A city that cannot effectively manage its waste is
rarely able to manage more complex services such
as health, education, or transportation.
Improving MSW is one of the most effective ways
of strengthening overall municipal management.
Reliable global MSW information is either
not available or incomplete, inconsistent,
and incomparable.
1) Global Generation of MSW
Will Rise 69.3 %
Current 1.3 billion tons/year to >2.2 billion
tons/year by 2025.
Tonnage Up +69.3% in the next 13 years!
+ 5.3% ave. annual increase.
97% of this growth will be in Asia & Africa.
2) Cost of Solid Waste
Management Will Rise 82.9%
From the current $205 billion per year to
$+375 billion in 2025.
An increase of +82.9% over next 13 years.
Ave. annual increase of +6.4%.
With costs increasing most severely for those
cities in low income countries.
MSW is Growing Fastest In:
China
East Asia,
South Asia
Eastern Europe and
the Middle East.
At the same time Japan is expected to
reduce its MSW by 12% ?
3) Population Increase
According to the UN, world population will
increase by 20% to reach 8 billion inhabitants
by 2025.
+ 1.538 % per year ave. growth rate
Some countries are increasing, some are
decreasing and some are stable.
4) Mega Cities World Wide
~75% of the people by 2025
The 500 Mega Cities will hold 75% of the
total world population.
China will have 221 cities > one million
India will have 70 cities > one million
Tokyo, Seoul, Sao Paulo, Bombay, Mexico
City, Delhi, Cairo, Dhaka, Jakarta, etc.
Environmental Quality?
Beijing
Beijing's 18 million residents produce 20,000 tons
of garbage each day and the amount has
overburdened its 23 waste treatment plants.
4000 illegal dumps identified by the City of Beijing
June 2011.
40 New MSW plants, including nine incineration
plants, by 2015, with a total cost of $1.5 billion
4) Increasing Complexity of the
Materials in the Waste Stream
By 2025
Waste composition will keep changing
New and different products
Improved recycling of materials
New technologies
Estimating future waste characterization will
be more difficult.
A new stream of nanomaterials
5) Increasing diversity on waste
management technologies.
Sanitary Landfills
WTE
Re-use Programs
Recycling Programs
Aerobic Composting
Education Programs
Waste Reduction
“New” technologies
WTE 2013
~700 WTE in 35 counties Worldwide
480 WTE in Europe
88 WTE plants USA.
100 WTE plants China
Japan 60%, Singapore 90 % WTE
China > 250 by 2025.
6) Different Regions of the
World Will be Greatly Different
EU reduce landfilling, increase capacity and
up-date their 480 WTE plants, increase
recycling and increase export of waste.
265 million tons of MSW to 300 million tons by 2025.
An increase of 13.2%
China 1.6 kg/p/d
MN 2.1 kg/p/d.
Africa 0.6 kg/p/d
Issues
Question 1: Will the expansion of modern
waste management systems be capable of
handling the increasing amounts of waste
generated?
Or will the reality be an ocean of new
uncontrolled dumpsites and toxic low
temperature burning?
Issues
Question 2: How will those advanced
technologies become available for countries
that are trapped in poverty?
The gap between poor people and the
wealthy of the world may grow wider?
Issues
Question 4 will illegal waste shipment and
waste trafficking become even worse!
It is four times as expensive to incinerate
trash in the Netherlands as to put it – illegally
– on a boat to China.
Issues
Question 5 Will we find safe final sinks;
from material cycles; and landfill aftercare?
CH4 emissions will increase from 34 million to
48 million tons or 10% of the global
anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by
2025.
Conclusions I
Poorly managed waste has an enormous
negative impact on health, local and global
environment, and economy;
Improperly managed waste usually results in
down-stream costs higher than what it would
have cost to manage the waste properly in
the first place.
Conclusions II Our world will be more populated; more
economically productive and more
interconnected.
The defining challenge of the 21st Century will
be that humanity shares a common fate. That
fate is already demanding new forms of global
cooperation.
Especially in waste management!
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