International Task Force on Vehicle-Highway Automation

19th Annual Meeting

WELCOME

INTRODUCTION

What is ITFVHA?

• A forum to discuss government-industry roles in development and deployment of advanced driver assistance systems

• An informal group for exchange of information and strengthening global linkages

ITFVHA Approach

• Invitation-only gathering – “core community” of established

programs– countries / industries exploring

strategy/benefits for Automated Driving

• Independent of other ITS activities and forums

• Proceedings generated

History of ITFVHA Organizational meeting: 1996, Orlando 1. 1997, San Diego, sponsored by NAHSC 2. 1998, Delft, Netherlands, sponsored by Rijkswaterstaat 3. 1999, Toronto, sponsored by ITS America 4. 2000, Tsukuba City, sponsored by MOC/AHSRA 5. 2001, Sydney, sponsored by ITS Australia / AAA 6. 2002, Chicago, sponsored by TRB and ITS America 7. 2003, Paris, sponsored by LIVIC 8. 2004, Nagoya, sponsored by MLIT / AHSRA 9. 2005, San Francisco, sponsored by ITS America / USDOT 10. 2006, London, sponsored by UK Highways Agency

History of ITFVHA

11. 2007, Versailles, sponsored by INRIA 12. 2008, New York City, sponsored by Parsons-Brinkerhoff 13. 2009, Stockholm, sponsored by H3B Media 14. 2010, Busan, sponsored by Korean Transport Institute 15. 2011, Orlando, sponsored by Bishop Consulting 16. 2012, Vienna, sponsored by Austrian Institute of Technology & AUVSI 17. 2013, Tokyo, sponsored by ALPS/Alpine 18. 2014, Detroit, sponsored by VRA and Nissan

19th Annual Meeting

Bordeaux

Sponsors: Vehicle Road Automation Project AutonomouStuff

Review of Agenda

Dinner: 7:30 pmRestaurant:

Mama Shelter Bordeaux19, Rue Poquelin Moliere33000 Bordeaux+33 (0) 5 57 30 45 35

WHAT IS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT IN VEHICLE AUTOMATION OF THE LAST YEAR?

Significant Developments: Big Picture• VW scandal – what are implications?• Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics• Critical mass of technology developers, OEMs, governments and investors

coming together.• Awareness that infrastructure requirements must get clear.• Definitions of levels of automation.• ISAC (clearinghouse ) established for automotive cybersecurity.

Significant Developments:Legislators / Regulators (10)• Political acceptance of automated driving and government sponsorship of

automated driving initiatives.• Legislative frameworks to allow for testing of automated vehicles: UK,

Netherlands, California.• Legislation/regulatory frameworks regarding public road testing show the

relevance of the technology and its possibilities at least for public authorities.• The government and public acknowledgement of a need for large scale trails and

validation of automated technologies.• Beginning of recognition by authorities attending the UNECE WP.29 Automated

Driving Informal Group that quick takeover in complex situations may be dangerous.

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Significant Developments• Google (6)

– Google hiring automotive executive to lead the business side of their Self-Driving Car team.

– Google's indication that it intends to come to market with an urban vehicle– Expanded testing of Google pod cars beyond Mountain View, CA to Austin TX.

• New Entrants (5)– The multiplications of players in vehicle automation (Uber, Apple, in addition

to car manufacturers...)– The serious pursuit of automation by ride-sharing companies, particularly

Uber.• Technology Progress (5)

– Level 2 ADAS improvement (ex. CMBS, ACC) (7)– AI technology and Sensing technology not using huge 3D Laser Scanner on the

top of car roof.– Sensor improvements, new concepts (performance/cost ratio)– Race for data management inside the vehicle

Significant Developments: News Media (4)• The enormous media attention creating a lot of momentum• Media hype continuing to escalate, even while industry

statements are more carefully qualified.• The fact that autonomous driving is no longer a geek topic.

Mainstream press reports often about it and there are new articles released virtually every week.

• The enhanced dialog about the challenges that are being faced in deploying vehicle automation (a reality check from the hype of the previous year).

Significant Developments

• Press Events / Demo’s (3)– Vehicle manufacturers and tier1s' road demonstrations and large press

events (CES2015, IAA2015, Freightliner event, DELPHI, BOSCH, CONTI, DAIMLER F015, TRW, AUDI, HERE, BMW,etc)

– On-road demonstrations (i.e. Delphi cross country trip, Freightliner demo, Google in Texas) and test sites (i.e. GoMentum Station, MCity, Virginia Automated Corridors, etc.)

– Audi showcased autonomous driving from SFO to Las Vegas during CES.

• Trucks (3)– announcement of the Freightliner Inspiration Truck by Daimler; the

world’s first autonomous truck licensed to drive on public roads. – Approval for road testing/operation of automated truck in Nevada.”

Significant Developments

• Pace / Momentum (3)– Acceleration of implementation process from FOT to open roads– Fast pace vehicle manufacturers show to develop automation.– Commercialisation plans of each OEM

• Market Developments (3)– The rapidly growing availability of automated crash avoidance systems

(primarily AEB). These systems have been overshadowed by some of the convenience systems and the media rush of full autonomy; however, the relatively robust ability to successful aid drivers in collision avoidance is an amazing achievement.

– Products on the market with more and more automation– Several automakers developed " Emergency Autobrake ".

Significant Developments

• Digital Infrastructure (3)– enabling to communicate with AV on the real roads– Dynamic Map Technology– Accurate maps

• Citymobil2 (3)• Testing Capabilities (2)

– Opening of M City test track in Michigan– Preparation of Willow Run test track in Michigan– The development of next-gen test tracks like M-City and Willow-Run.– Opening of GoMentum test area in Contra Costa County, California

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WHAT ARE TWO KEY ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED FOR AUTOMATED DRIVING WITHIN THE NEXT 3 YEARS?

Key Issues: Legal/Regulatory Framework (19)

• Creating a legal framework for AV without restricting technology advancement in the future yet preserving safety and social acceptance.

• International harmonization of the different regulation initiatives• Liability issues: where does responsibility lie between the driver and the

system? • Interpretation / revision of Geneva and Vienna Conventions• Amendment to UN R79 to allow automatically commanded steering above

10 km/h in Europe.• What is the role of government in automated shared mobility?

Key Issues: Validation and Testing (14)

• Validation / Verification / Reliability / Redundancy / Compliance / Test Methodology / Standards /

• Demonstrating automated driving systems are safe (and safer than human driven vehicles– semi-automated and fully automated

• How much validation is enough? • What are acceptable risk levels?• Who will validate the systems?• Virtual testing for design verification is highly needed.• How to come to new methodologies -- existing development

methods will result In extremely long testing and validation. • Conducting additional controlled technology trials.

Key Issues: Human Factors (13)

• Driver and system interaction – partial, full automation• Handover to manual (but supported) driving• Taking into account human factors regarding other vehicles and VRUs.• Behavioral studies of conditional automation.• Human factors -misuse, abuse, education.• Effectively and reliably transferring control between vehicle and driver in normal

and emergency situations - from the Driver Vehicle Interface to the sensors that can detect early, to the Algorithms that make it all happen.

• Level 3 automation: how can transition of control be safely designed?– Whether or not level 3 automation is feasible, requiring driver monitoring and

takeover. If it works, will drivers reject the automation option because it offers little improvement, and if it doesn't work (due to unintended consequences and accidents) will the automakers pull the option back?”

• Achieve NHTSA level 3 from a showroom vehicle

Key Issues: Technology (11)

• How to use automation (technology) to create smart mobility• Effectively and reliably transferring control between vehicle and driver in normal and

emergency situations - from the Driver Vehicle Interface to the sensors that can detect early, to the Algorithms that make it all happen.

• Demonstrating long-range sensors that will enable safe operation of automated vehicles on high-speed roads.

• Spurious objects (e.g., pedestrians) and all weather capability.• How to do Highly Automated Driving (HAD) on expressways in bad weather.• Solve technical challenges of non-highway driving scenarios• Connectivity:

– what connectivity does an automated vehicle REALLY need? – integration with connectivity (V2x): arrange uptake

• Precise positioning: improvement of accuracy of position using of Quasi-Zenith Satellites in Japan

• Data fusion and deeply integration in combination with mapping (= map sensors) and (next generation) LIDAR technology.

Key Issues: Cybersecurity (9)

• Cybersecurity / security framework• Ability to reliably revise/update vehicle

security systems over the air.

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Key Issues: Compatibility with Existing System (7)• Interaction between AV and non-AV• How to deal with different mixed traffic situations on highway rural

area and urban area.• Human-like driving: how to have automated vehicles not all drive

like a 70 year old lady.• Programming vehicle behavior to operate in mixed vehicle

environment, requiring some amount of ""aggressive"" driving and risk taking by the vehicle to efficiently operate.

• Interaction with Vulnerable Road Users• Assessing the safety of AD in shared public roads

Key Issues: Public Acceptance (6)

• Determining how to gain acceptance from the public for systems that WILL fail; – hopefully at rates lower than the human, but no doubt with issues yet

to be uncovered…– … originating for numerous reasons such as cyber security threats, to

engineering mistakes, to just plain old system limitations• Gaining initial support from the wider public in terms of both 1) safety and

2) acceptance that these vehicles are not being forced on them.• Managing expectations of the general public, media and politicians

regarding the rate of progress and that crashes will still occur.• Involve consumers with the developments

Key Issues: Other• Infrastructure Support / Adaptations (2)

– what are the infrastructural requirements for automated driving (at various levels of automation)

– Diffusion of automation at the infrastructure and operations side and the needed infrastructure adaptations to support the transition period

• Industrial re-organization: we will see new alliances in order to be ready for the next automotive revolution.

• Acquiring research funding to address the wide range of research questions that need to be answered (beyond direct product development activities).

• Designing ethics into the system.• Developing business models• Vision of fleets of automated cars• Insurance• What will be done at the Tokyo Olympics?