Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 1Public

Synchronized data acquisition at the test benchand cycle related GCA-calculation

of ”real driving” applications

Dr. Daniel Leitner, Dr. Robert Fairbrother, Dr. Thomas Leifert, DI Josef Moik, Dr. Rüdiger Teichmann

AVL List GmbH

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMBUSTION DIAGNOSTICS BADEN-BADEN 2016

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 2Public

Einleitung

RDE (transiente Analyse), NOx im Scavenging, Downsizing

Aufgabenstellung

Zyklische Prozessanalyse (LW & Verbr.) “real driving” Betrieb

Potential NOx im Hinblick auf RDE

Messtechnik & Methodik für Transiente Analyse

GCA – virtueller Sensor

Verw. Messtechnik

Zylinderdruckeinpassung (Sensitivität auf MFB50, etc.)

Kraftstoffmassenbestimmung (Anforderung: transient pro Zylinder)

Luftmassenbestimmung (Verifikation GCA)

“Next Generation Indicating”

Anwendung “real driving”

Verifikationen (Sensordrift, Kraftstoffmasse zyklisch, etc.)

Ladungswechselanalyse (Stat. vs. Transient)

Optimierung Lastsprungverhalten

NOx-Potential RDE (Katüberwachung)

Ausblick

Online-Entwicklungstool in der VerbrennungsentwicklungEinleitung

RDE (transiente Analyse), NOx im Scavenging, Downsizing

Einleitung

RDE (transiente Analyse), NOx im Scavenging, Downsizing

Aufgabenstellung

Zyklische Prozessanalyse (LW & Verbr.) “real driving” Betrieb

Potential NOx im Hinblick auf RDE

Messtechnik & Methodik für Transiente Analyse

GCA – virtueller Sensor

Verw. Messtechnik

Zylinderdruckeinpassung (Sensitivität auf MFB50, etc.)

CONTENT

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 3Public

• Introduction

• Motivation & Task

• AVL GCA™ – Gas Exchange and Combustion Analysis

• Instrumentation & Measurement

• Application „Real Driving”

• Summary & Outlook

CONTENT

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 4Public

TRENDS IN DISPLACEMENT & TECHNOLOGY

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026

Average En

gine

 Disp

lacemen

t[cm

³]

Year

  North America  Japan/Korea  Europe  China

Source: IHS Q4/2015

Average Displacem

ent G

asoline En

gine

s [cm³]

20

30

40

50

60

70

Globa

l Market S

hare [%

]

Charged Gasoline Engines (Global)

2016

95 g CO2/km130 g CO2/km

70 g CO2/km

CO2‐Fleet‐Limits in EU (NEDC)

?

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 5Public

• Introduction

• Motivation & Task

• AVL GCA™ – Gas Exchange and Combustion Analysis

• Instrumentation & Measurement

• Application „Real Driving”

• Summary & Outlook

CONTENT

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 6Public

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 65000

20

40

60

80

Engine Speed ‒ rpm

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Vehicle Speed ‒ km/h

NEDCRDE

Scavenging

100

120

140

160

180

200

Rel. Engine Load ‒ %

Time ‒ sec0 1200600

NEDC

EMISSION LEGISLATION ‒ PASSENGER CARS

NEDC … New European Driving Cycle RDE … Real Driving Emissions

– Risk for Future RDE-Compliance?

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 7Public

SCAVENGING ‒ FUTURE RISK FOR TGDI

Three-Way CatalystOperating Area

λExh = 1

WOT Curve λExh = 1

Risk RDE

Engine Speed

Eng

ine

Torq

ue

TGDI … Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection

NOx ,CO, HCNOx ,CO, HC

λExh > 1NOx ,CO, HCNOx ,CO, HC

nmin

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 8Public

• Introduction

• Motivation & Task

• AVL GCA™ – Gas Exchange and Combustion Analysis

• Instrumentation & Measurement

• Application „Real Driving”

• Summary & Outlook

CONTENT

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 9Public

AVL GCA™ ‒ WORKING PRINCIPLE

Exhaust Pressure

Intake Pressure

Cylinder Pressure

LeifCombinationSimulation

AVL BOOST™ Kernel

Measurement

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 10Public

• Introduction

• Motivation & Task

• AVL GCA™ – Gas Exchange and Combustion Analysis

• Instrumentation & Measurement

• Application „Real Driving”

• Summary & Outlook

CONTENT

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 11Public

ECU

Indi Work Station

GigaBit

ChargeAmplifier

pin, abs

pex, abs

t Inj, t Ign

pcyl

Indicating System

INDICATING TEST BED AUTOMATION

VVTin

VVTex

ECU

Option

Application-PC

Ethe

rnet

Inter-face

GCA-Environment

n (CDM, TRG)

Ethernet Ethernet

TEST BED SETUP

Optional

I/O-Modules

Tin

Tex

m fuelprobe

Dyno

Md (pme)

Lambda Meter

Controller

Test Bed Work Station

TGDI

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 12Public

TIME DELAY @ FUEL MASS ACQUISITIONTEST BED AUTOMATION

Ethernet

I/O-Modules

m fuel

Test Bed Work StationIndi Work StationGCA-Environment

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Time [s]

Mas

sflo

wFu

el [k

g/h]

0

3

6

9

12

15

IMEP

[kPa

]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

IMEP

MF_FUEL via “Automation System"

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 13Public

WORKFLOW TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

Data Acquisition

Synchronization

Calculation

Analysis

Post Processing

GCA, CalcGraf, …

e.g. „Real Driving”

Standard System

offline GCA, CalcGraf, …

e.g. „Real Driving”

Saving of Time

online

Intelligent System

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 14Public

• Introduction

• Motivation & Task

• AVL GCA™ – Gas Exchange and Combustion Analysis

• Instrumentation & Measurement

• Application „Real Driving”

• Summary & Outlook

CONTENT

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 15Public

RESPONSE OPTIMIZATION

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Cycle [-]

Valv

e O

verla

p

Valve_Overlap

Res

idua

l Gas

Con

tent

[-]

0,0

0,2

0,4

Residual_Gas_Content

Air

Trap

Effi

cien

cy [-

]

0,8

0,9

1,0

1,1

Air_Trap_Efficiency

Air/

Fuel

Rat

io [-

]

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

λ_Combustion_Chamber

IMEP

[kPa

]

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Tip-In (Baseline)

IMEP

Tip-In (Optimized)

λprobe

min

max

n = 1400 rpm, IMEP = 2 bar WOT

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 16Public

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Time [s]

IMEP

[kPa

]

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

IMEP

Scav

enge

d O

2-Mas

s [m

g/C

yc]

NO

X-Ta

ilpip

e [p

pm]

0

600

1200

1800

2400

NOx

O2-Storage Capacity of Catalyst

Scavenging

mO2

n = 1400 rpm, IMEP = 2 bar WOT

Tip-In (Baseline) Tip-In (no Scavenging)

1800

2000

2200

RDE OPTIMIZATION

Tip-In (RDE-Optimized)

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 17Public

• Introduction

• Motivation & Task

• AVL GCA™ – Gas Exchange and Combustion Analysis

• Instrumentation & Measurement

• Application „Real Driving”

• Summary & Outlook

CONTENT

Daniel Leitner | MI | 10 Mai 2016 | 18Public

SUMMARY

SDS … Slow Dynamic Slopes

& OUTLOOK

www.avl.com

THANK YOU