International Symposium of Broomrape (Orobanche spp€¦ · Web viewSunflower breeding for...
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International Symposium on Broomrape (Orobanche spp.) in Sunflower By Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs The General Directorate of Agricultural Research Trakya Agricultural Research Institute Edirne, Türkiye
Transcript of International Symposium of Broomrape (Orobanche spp€¦ · Web viewSunflower breeding for...
International Symposium on
Broomrape (Orobanche spp.) in
Sunflower
ByRepublic of Türkiye
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
The General Directorate of Agricultural ResearchTrakya Agricultural
Research Institute Edirne, Türkiye
Collaboration with Turkish Plant Breeders Association
International Sunflower AssociationFAO (Food and Agriculture
Organization)
November 30 – December 3, 2008Fame Residence Hotel, Antalya,
Turkey
This symposium jointly organized by
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsThe General Directorate of Agricultural
ResearchTrakya Agricultural Research
Institute – Edirne
Turkish Plant Breeders AssociationInternational Sunflower Association
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
This symposium jointly sponsored by
Agrozem Invest Co.
WELCOME NOTES
Dear Participants,
As the Chair for the International Symposium of Broomrape (Orobanche spp.) in Sunflower in Antalya, Turkey, I'd like to welcome you and to give some information on this event. Our symposium brings together a variety of sunflower researchers from government, commercial, and academic organizations worldwide to foster cooperation on sunflower and broomrape and to promote information sharing among researchers largely. The aim of our international symposium is present the newest
research results and research goals, analyze present conditions and perspectives in Broomrape biology, plant host relationships and resistance breeding, chemical and other control methods in sunflower. As always, we also extend a warm welcome to all our colleagues in the sunflower research and industry who share our interest in improving information to increase the income of sunflower producers.
As organizers, we also would like to discuss in new project ideas on EU Research Framework and also on other international organizations. If you or your organization are interested in joining these discussions and taking part in preparing new projects, this will be great opportunity for further developments for sunflower research and these efforts will contribute to increase collaborationships at international level among us. In addition to the excellent program, the symposium provides an excellent environment to meet your peers in sunflower research, build relationships, and exchange lessons learned.
As one of beautiful cities in the world, first time visitors to Antalya are usually overwhelmed by the sheer beauty of the city and surroundings. Antalya is a city that manages to surprise and enthuse in equal measure, with reminders of Antalya's rich landscape and historical sites. Antalya which is Turkey's principal holiday resort is an attractive city with palm lined street and it is full of history with a beautiful coastline of beach has and rocky coves where the towering Toros mountains. There is sunshine for 300 days of the year in Antalya and it is perfect place for sunbathing and swimming or for sporting activities such as windsurfing water-skiing, sailing and also climbing, trekking, hunting and skiing on mountains, etc... We are sure that these symposium days and half day sightseeing tour will be enough to notice the beauty of Antalya province but not enough to discover it.
We wish you nice stay in Antalya for truly rewarding days.
Dr Yalçın KAYAChair
On the behalf of Organizing Committee
Symposium Program:
Day EventSunday, November 30, 2008
16 00 - 19 00
Registration
Monday, December 1, 2008
8 30 - 9 00 Registration
9 00 – 9 30 Opening Talks:
Dr. Yalcin KAYA, Chair, Organizing CommitteeDr. Necmi BESER, Director of Trakya Agricultural Research Institute Dr. Vehbi ESER, President of Turkish Plant Breeders AssociationProf Dr. Dragan SKORIC, On the behalf of Scientific CommitteeAssoc. Prof Dr. Masum BURAK, Director General, The
General Directorate of Agricultural Research
9 30 – 10 00 Invited speakers: A. Höniges, K. Wegmann, A. Ardelean Orobanche Resistance in Sunflower
10 00 – 10 30
Invited speaker: D. M. Joel, D. PlakhineSeed Conditioning of Orobanche in Agricultural Fields: Ecophysiological Aspects
10 30 – 10 45
Coffee break
10 45 - 12 00
1st Session: BROOMRAPE BIOLOGY, PLANT HOST RELATIONSHIPS Session Chair : Prof. Dr. Jose Maria Melero Vera
10 45 - 11 05
Broomrape (Orobanche spp.) Problem in The Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey F. Bülbül, E.Aksoy, S.Uygur, N.Uygur
11 05 - 11 25
Current status of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr) in SerbiaB. Dedić, N. Lačok, S. Tančić, S. Jocić
11 25 - 11 45
Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Castilla-León, a traditionally non broomrape infected area in Northern Spain. J. Fernández-Escobar, M.I. Rodríguez-Ojeda, L.C. Alonso
11 45 - 12 00
Questions and Answers
12 00 – 13 00
Lunch
13 00 – 14 15
2nd Section: RESISTANCE BREEDINGSection Chair : Prof. Dr. Stevan Masirevic
13 00 – 13 20
Virulence and aggressiveness of sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) populations, in EuropeM. Pacureanu Joita, S. Raranciuc, E. Sava, E. Petcu, N. Babeanu, O. Popa
13 20 – 13 40
The Wild Species Helianthus - Source of Resistance to the Parasite Orobanche cumana M. Christov, R. Batchvarova, M. Hristova-Cherbadzhi
13 40 – 14 00
Behavior of some sunflower cultivar at the broomrape attack in Romania V. Jinga, H. Iliescu, S. Stefan, D. Manole
14 00 – 14 15
Questions and Answers
14 15 – 14 30
Coffee break
14 30 - 17 00
3rd Section: RESISTANCE BREEDINGSection Chair : Prof. Dr. Jose Maria Fernandez
14 30 - 14 50
Sunflower breeding for resistance to the new broomrape race in the Krasnodar region of Russia S.V. Gontcharov
14 50 - 15 10
The Use of new Rf Inbred Lines Originating from Interspecific Population with H. deserticola for the Production of Sunflower Hybrids Resistant to Broomrape N. Hladni, S. Jocić, V. Miklič, D. Saftić-Panković, D. Škorić
15 10 - 15 30
The performance of sunflower hybrids resistant to race F of Orobanche cumana Wall. in naturally infested fields. J. M. Melero-Vara, R. García Ruiz, J. Domínguez, M. L. Molinero-Ruiz
15 30 - 15 50
The Evaluation of Broomrape Resistance in Sunflower hybrids Y. Kaya, G. Evci, V. Pekcan, T. Gucer, M. I. Yilmaz
15 50 - 16 10
The Virulence of Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) Populations on Sunflower in some Regions of Northern Caucasus T.S. Antonova, N.M. Araslanova, S.Z. Guchetl, T.A. Tchelustnikova, S.A. Ramazanova, E.N. Trembak
16 10 - 16 30
Determination Superior Hybrid Combinations in Sunflower and Testing Hybrid Performance in Broomrape (Orobanche Cumana Wallr.) Infested Areas O. Gunduz, A. T. Goksoy
16 30 – 16 50 Ongoing Research Strategies for Sunflower Broomrape Control in SpainJ. M. Fernández-Martínez, J. Domínguez, B. Pérez-Vich and L. Velasco
16 50 - 17 10
Status of broomrape in Serbia S. Masirevic
17 10 - 17 30
Questions and Answers
17 30 - 18 30
Discussion Session: Recent developments on the distribution of new race of Broomrape by participating countriesSession Chair: Prof. Dr. Ferenc Vranyi
19 00 - 20 00
Dinner
Tuesday, December 2, 20089 00 – 11 00 4th Session: Broomrape Chemical and Other Control
Methods in sunflower
Session Chair : Prof. Dr. Horia Iliescu9 00 – 9 20 Improving sunflower for resistance to Orobanche and
Sulfonylureas herbicides - Sunflower hybrid PF100G. Dicu, N. Dumitrescu, M. Radu, O. Diaconescu
9 20 – 9 40
Control of Broomrape in Iran A. Esmaailifar, A. Nezamabadi, A. Mirabadi
9 40 – 10 00
Status of Orobanche cernua Loefl. and Weeds in Sunflower Production in Turkey M. Demirci, Y. Kaya
10 00 – 10 15
Questions and Answers
10 15 – 10 30
Coffee break
10 30 - 11 30
Discussion: COST and other joint EU Project proposals Session Chair : Prof. Dr. Dragan Skoric
11 40 Closing the symposium 12 00 – 12 30
Lunch
12 30 – 20 00
Sightseeing Tour (Antalya city and around)
20 30 - 21 30
Dinner
Wednesday, December 3, 2008, Leaving from the hotel
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE:
Dr Yalcin KAYA (Head of Committee)Dr Goksel EVCIVeli PEKCANProf Dr Dragan SKORIC
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE:
Dr Yalcin KAYA (Head of Committee)……..TurkeyProf Dr Dragan SKORIC……………………......SerbiaDr Maria PACUREANU…………………….........RomaniaDr Pepa SHINDROVA………………………........Bulgaria
HOST INSTITUTION:
Trakya Agricultural Research Institute P.O.Box : 16, 22100, EDIRNE-TÜRKİYE
Phone: +90 284 235 81 80 - 235 81 82 - 235 81 83 Fax: +90 284 235 82 10
Web Page: www.ttae.gov.tr E - Mail: [email protected]
The hotel and sightseeing tour arrangements are organized by SSC Tour Travel Agency.
SSC TourAddress: Fahrettin Kerim Gokay Cad. No:175/A Goztepe - Istanbul
Phone: +90 216 566 63 63 pbx Fax: +90 216 566 57 58
Office Gsm:+090 533 480 94 13 Web: www.ssc.com .tr E-mail: [email protected]
PARTICIPANT LIST
# Name Institution Country
1 Dimiter Petakov Goldenwest Seed Co.Bulgaria
2 Pepa Shindrova Dobroudja Research Institute Bulgari
3 Bozhidar Bonev Limagrain Seed BulgariaBulgaria
4 Michail Christov Dobroudja Research InstituteBulgaria
5 Dr Sadik EL SAYED Pioneer Seed Co. Egypt [email protected]
6Mohammed Zaheeruddin Patel Misr Hytech Seed International
Egypt [email protected]
7 Dr Antoine GAILLARD Maisodor Semences France [email protected] Emeline Teissier Syngenta Seeds S.A.S. France [email protected]
9 Prof. Dr. Klaus WegmannUniversitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis
Germany
10 Ana Höniges
Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis
Germany
11 Peter Schlotter Dow Agro Science
Germany
12 Prof. Dr. Ferenc Virányi Szent István University
Hungary
13 Melinda Tremmelné Tar
Szeged GKI Hungary
14 Páricsi Sándor
Szeged GKI Hungary
15 Ebrahim Faroukhi Karaj Research Institute
Iran [email protected]
16 Afshin Esmaailifar Oilseeds Research & Development Iran
17 Mohammad Nezamabadi Oilseeds Research & Development Iran18 Ghassem Rouzbeh TECHNOPARS Co. Iran
19 Prof. Dr. Daniel M. Joel Newe Yaar Research Center Israel
20 Zouzou Antoun Debbane Freres Trading Offshore
Lebanon
21 Mariana Georghe Maisodor Semences
Romania
22 Georgeta Dicu PROCERA Agrochemicals
Romania
23 Nicolae Parvu Quality Crops Co.
Romania
24
Vasile JINGA Research Institute for Plant Protection
Romania
25
Stefan SORIN Research Institute for Plant Protection
Romania
26
Prof Dr Horia ILIESCU Research Institute for Plant Protection
Romania
27 Mirela TRIFU
Research Institute for Plant Protection
Romania
secretariat_stiintific @ icdpp.ro
28 Rodica Doina Iliescu
Research Institute for Plant Protection
Romania
secretariat_stiintific @ icdpp.ro
29
Maria Pacureanu Fundulea Research Institute Romania
30
Alexandrina Popescu Fundulea Research Institute Romania
3 Elena Petcu Fundulea Research Institute Romani [email protected]
1 a32 Dr. Evgeny Trembak VNIIMK Research Institute
Russia [email protected]
33 Dr. Tatiana Antonova VNIIMK Research Institute
Russia [email protected]
34 Feodor Gorbachenko L.A. Jdanova VNIIMK
Russia [email protected]
35 Oleg Gorbachenko L.A. Jdanova VNIIMK
Russia [email protected]
36
Nikolay LuchkinL.A. Jdanova VNIIMK
Russia [email protected]
37 Dr Serguei Gontcharov VNIIMK Research Institute
Russia [email protected]
38 Petr Sevostjanovich Kosov Agrozem Invest Russia
39 Nikolaj Ivanovich Benko Agro-Plazma Russia40 Vladimir Vasiljevich Pacev Russia41 David MONGFOLD MAY Seed
S. Africa
42 Anika Nisavic
Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje
Serbia [email protected]
43 Bosko Dedic Novisad Research Instiute
Serbia [email protected]
44
Prof Dr Dragan SKORICSerbian Academy of Sciences
Serbia [email protected]
45 Prof Dr Stevan Masirevic Novisad Research Instiute
Serbia [email protected]
46 Manuel S. Fernández Syngenta Seeds S.A
Spain [email protected]
47 Juan Fernández Escobar Koipesol Semillas,S.A.
Spain [email protected]
48
María Isabel Rodríguez Ojeda Koipesol Semillas,S.A.
Spain [email protected]
49 Ricardo SICILIANO SOLTIS ESPAÑA
Spain [email protected]
50
Prof. Dr. José M. Melero Vara
Inst de Agricultura Sostenible Cordoba
Spain [email protected]
51
Prof. Dr.José Maria Fernandez
Inst de Agricultura Sostenible Cordoba
Spain [email protected]
52 M. Leire Molinero-Ruiz
Inst de Agricultura Sostenible Cordoba
Spain [email protected]
53 Dr. Necmi BEŞER
Trakya Agricultural Research Institute
Turkey [email protected]
54 Dr Yalcin KAYA
Trakya Agricultural Research Institute
Turkey [email protected]
55 Dr Goksel EVCI
Trakya Agricultural Research Institute
Turkey [email protected]
56
Adnan ESMERMAY Seed
Turkey [email protected]
57 Evren ORUÇ MAY Seed
Turkey [email protected]
58 Gülay Küçükosmanoğlu Agromar AŞ
Turkey [email protected]
59
Mahir KARAAgromar AŞ
Turkey [email protected]
60
Abdullah Disbudak Monsanto Seed Turkey [email protected]
61
Dr Zafer Uckun BASF Turkey Turkey [email protected]
6 Ali OZEN Biyotek Seed Turkey [email protected]
263
Oğuz Gündüz Tekcan Seed Turkey [email protected]
64 Dr Ahmet Uludag Izmir Il Kontrol Lab Turkey
65
Z. Filiz Bulbul Adana Plant Protection Research Inst. Turkey
66
F. Nezihi UYGUR Cukurova Univ. Plant Protection Dept. Turkey
67 Mahmut KAPLAN Limagrain Seed Turkey Turkey
68 Ayhan PİRİNÇ Limagrain Seed Turkey Turkey69 Ümit DEMİRCİOĞLU Limagrain Seed Turkey Turkey70 Aydın YILMAZ Eko Tarım Turkey
71 Hacı TARHAN Eko Tarım Turkey [email protected] 72 Dr. Nesrin CITAK Trakya Birlik Turkey
73 Dr. Vehbi ESER Turkish Plant Breeders Association Turkey
74 Mahmut KASAP Syngenta Seed Turkey Turkey
75 Mehmet Demirci Agrobest Company Turkey
76 Sergey Shcherban Agrosintez Corporation Ukraine77
Vladimir Grigorevich Konalev Sadi Ukrajine Ukraine
78 Viktor Burlov Flora LTD Ukraine
79 Ianul Victor Ukraine
Orobanche Resistance in Sunflower
Ana Höniges, Klaus Wegmann & Aurel ArdeleanUniversitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldis“, Arad, Romania
AbstractThis report will present the current knowledge of Orobanche-resistance in sunflower from the breeder’s view and from the biochemists’ view. A major difficulty for the breeder is the fast development of new pathotypes of Orobanche cumana, which overcomes the resistance of newly developed sunflower lines. The basis of increasing aggressiveness of Orobanche cumana pathotypes is discussed. Nevertheless, there is still great potential for resistance breeding in the genus Helianthus, since very different resistance factors are already known or shall be elucidated. A survey is presented on known resistance factors, like low stimulant, mechanical barriers and how they develop, phytoalexins, Orobanche seed germination inhibitors, inhibition of the exoenzymes of the Orobanche radiculae, in particular of polygalacturonase. In this context an interesting new approach may be found in the polygalacturonase-inhibitory proteins occurring in cell walls, which inhibit the invasion of pathogenic fungi. The need for molecular biological studies will be stressed. Interdisciplinary collaboration of the breeders with biochemists and molecular biologists may lead to more advanced breeding strategies.
Key words: Orobanche cumana resistance in sunflower, resistance factors, phytoalexins, polygalacturonase inhibitors.
Seed Conditioning of Orobanche in Agricultural Fields: Ecophysiological Aspects
Daniel M. Joel* and Dina Plakhine
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat-Yishay 30095, Israel. [email protected]
It is widely known that Orobanche seeds need a conditioning phase of several days under suitable temperatures and wet conditions before being able to germinate in response to germination stimulants. However, this knowledge of seed behavior is solely based on in vitro experiments, while the conditions in the field may significantly differ from the conditions in Petri dishes. In a series of experiments we have shown that O. cumana seeds respond to the germination stimulant GR24 even without prior conditioning. The germination of non-conditioned seeds was not observed before, because the experiments did not last long enough to observe germination, since the non-conditioned seeds need a longer lag time before germinating after stimulant reception. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that, under certain field circumstances, non-conditioned Orobanche seeds may also germinate when a host root comes close to them, which may be significant in the understanding of Orobanche behavior in sunflower fields.
Broomrape (Orobanche spp.) Problem in The Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey
F. Bülbül1, E.Aksoy1, S.Uygur2, N.Uygur2
1Plant Protection Research Institue,01321 Köprüköyü/ADANA2Çukurova Univ., Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Dept 01330 Balcalı/ADANA
ABSTRACTBroomrapes (Orobanche spp) which belong to the family Orobanchaceae are obligate parasitic flowering plants. The main center of distribution is the Mediterranean basin where large areas are heavily infested. Yield losses due to Orobanche attack range from 5 to 100 % depending on the region and the crop. Some broomrape species were determined in some crops in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. As results of survey studies conducted in the region; Orobanche aegyptiaca / ramosa were present in 27.72 % of the tomato greenhouses and 80 % of the tomato fields, Orobanche crenata and O. aegyptiaca /ramosa were present in 57.89 % of the fababean fields and 75.51 % of the lentil fields.Among the crops cultivated in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, sunflower cultivation has been gradually increasing from 2005. In 2005, sunflower sown area and production in the region were increased more than three times compare to 2004.There is not any record on broomrapes in sunflower fields in the East Mediterranean Region, yet. But broomrapes are considered a possible threat for sunflower fields in this area. Orobanche cernua Loef. cause
considerable damage all sunflower fields in Thrace region of Turkey and it may spread from the region to East Mediterranean region, easily. In addition, sunflower is also a host plant of O. ramosa L. and O. aegyptiaca Pers. Unfortunately, these species were found in some crops in the East Mediterranean Region and growers are not careful about dispersal of broomrape. Because of their small seeds are dispersal easly and their control is very difficult, all quarantine measures must be taken in Turkey immediately. Since the magnitude of the Broomrape problem is increasing every year in Turkey, a “National Broomrape Project” has been conducting colloboration of some governmental institutes and universities since 2006. After the studies of the Project, producers are going to be educated on preventive measures for dispersal of broomrape seeds.
Key words: Sunflower, broomrape, orobanche
The performance of sunflower hybrids resistant to race F of Orobanche cumana Wall. in naturally infested fields.
1J. M. Melero-Vara, 2R. García Ruiz, 2J. Domínguez, and 1M. L. Molinero-Ruiz1Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Apdo. 4084, 14080, Córdoba, Spain, and 2 IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, CAP (Junta de Andalucía), Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain.
ABSTRACT
Sunflower hybrids resistant to race F of O. cumana seldom show complete lack of broomrape attachment and emergence. The effects on yield of 4 resistant hybrids with that of two susceptible highly productive hybrids were compared. Incidence of plants with emerged broomrapes (BI), final degree of attack (FDA), seed and oil yields, and oil content were determined in naturally infested fields of two locations of southern Spain (2004-2006). Although resistance is generally expressed by low FDA, higher BI was observed in 2006, showing much dependency on the
environment. Vertical resistance of hybrid PR64A71 contrasted with horizontal resistance in Arango, Centurión and Olimpia, which showed higher FDA values in one heavily-infested field. Although year and location influenced yield variables, oil content mainly depended on hybrid. Cropping resistant hybrids in moderately-infested fields provided up to 11% seed yield increases. The high field potential of resistant hybrids is highlighted in heavily-infested fields since, despite the higher disease levels in the latter three hybrids, yield increases averaged 124 and 199% depending on water availability.
Key Words: sunflower broomrape, Helianthus annuus, field resistance.
Ongoing Research Strategies for Sunflower Broomrape Control in Spain
José M. Fernández-Martínez1, Juan Domínguez2, Begoña Pérez-Vich1 and Leonardo Velasco1
1Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC). Alameda del Obispo s/n. E-14004 Córdoba, Spain2Area de Mejora y Biotecnología, CIFA Alameda del Obispo, IFAPA-CICE, Junta de Andalucía, Apdo. 3092, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
ABSTRACT
Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr) continues to be one of the most important constraints in sunflower production in Spain. In the last
ten years, genetic resistance has been the predominant strategy of control against O. cumana. However, the introduction of new resistance is frequently followed by the appearance of new virulent races overcoming that resistance. In this report, a combined strategy to control O. cumana is discussed, including: a) The use of IMI sunflower cultivars to control winter and early spring weeds and sunflower broomrape; b) The combination of vertical and horizontal resistance mechanisms in the same genotype in order to develop a more durable resistance, together with molecular studies to identify QTLs associated with broomrape resistance genes to facilitate the pyramiding of different resistance genes and the combination of different resistance mechanisms; c) The study of the variability and racial composition of Spanish sunflower broomrape populations using classical and molecular methods.
Key words: Broomrape control, Helianthus annuus, resistance mechanisms, IMI sunflower, QTL mapping.
Current status of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr) in Serbia
Boško Dedić, Nada Lačok, Sonja Tančić, Siniša Jocić
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Oil Crops Department, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Broomrape is the parasitic plant that presents the major problem in sunflower production in Serbia. Since its first appearance in our country the species Orobanche cumana Wallr had been responsible for considerable yield loss in some sunflower growing areas. In Serbia broomrape is mostly present in Vojvodina province, where distribution and virulence groups of parasite are constantly monitored. Only two distinct broomrape populations currently exist in this part of country. According to previous research race B is dominant in south of the Vojvodina province and race E in the north. During 2008 set of 8 commercial hybrids with different broomrape resistance genes were sown in regions of Vojvodina and Central Serbia with sunflower production, on 34 different locations. Presence of broomrape was confirmed on 6 sites but occurrence of parasitic plants was not detected on hybrids resistant to race E. The survey of sunflower fields in regions where broomrape was not previously detected was also done. Survey revealed occurrence of broomrape in the new region. Infested areas are placed in Bor County near state border with Romania and Bulgaria.
Key words: broomrape, sunflower, distribution, race
Behavior of some sunflower cultivar at the broomrape attack in Romania
V. Jingax, H. Iliescux, S. Stefanx, D. Manolexx
x Research Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest xx SC Sport Agra srl ,Amzacea- Dobrogea
E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
One of the most dangerous parasites on the plants there is Broomrape (Orobanche spp) in Romania. On sunflower fields were identified the population of weedy broomrapes of Orobanche cumana Wallr. It was shown a significant dissemination, especially in the south and south-eastern area of the country. The behavior of some sunflower cultivars against O. cumana were studied under artificial inoculation and natural contamination conditions. In the artificial inoculation conditions, experiments performed at the Research Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest, hybrids HS 1900, Turbo, Justin and Favorit have showed an absolute resistance. In natural contamination at SC Sport Agra srl ,Amzacea- Dobrogea, best result have showed: Rigasol, Flores, Albani Florena, Sunay, Favorit, Festiv and Turbo. The influence of specific herbicides on phanerogamous O. cumana was studied.
Key words: broomrape, sunflower, hybrids, behaviors.
Sunflower breeding for resistance to the new broomrape race in the Krasnodar region of Russia
Gontcharov S.V.
Kuban State Agrarian University Kalinina, 13, Krasnodar, 350044, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is a parasitic plant, feeding on sunflower roots. During the last years some new, more aggressive races have been found in the different parts of the world (Spain, Turkey, Romania, etc.). A little bit later they appeared in Russia and we started a special breeding program. Previously one resistant line (VK 623) to the race F was found among the lines of the VNIIMK breeding. In a short time some new prospective sunflower inbred lines with resistance to both broomrape races – E and F were developed. Now they are on the way of being converted to the CMS-lines. However recessive character of this resistance create some difficulties in commercial sunflower hybrid breeding, so to obtain new donors of resistance in the future, the cultivated sunflower was crossed with H. tuberosus (used as a pollinator).
Key words: breeding, broomrape, hybrid, resistance, sunflower.
Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Castilla-León, a traditionally non broomrape infested area in Northern Spain.
J. Fernández-Escobar (1), M.I. Rodríguez-Ojeda(1), J.M. Fernández-Martínez(2) and L.C. Alonso(1).(1)Koipesol Semillas S.A. Avd. San Fco Javier 24. Ed. Sevilla 1 planta 7. 41018 Sevilla (Spain)(2)Instituto de Agricultura Sostrenible (CSIC). C/ Alameda del Obispo s/n. 14080 Córdoba (Spain)
ABSTRACT
Spanish sunflower acreage is basically divided in 3 main and isolated areas, the Guadalquivir valley, Southern Spain, represents the 37 % of the total acreage, the Cuenca area located in Spain´s Central plateau, with 28% and the Castilla-León area, Northern Spain, with 29 %. Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana, Wallr.) has been present in Spain since the 1960’s. From that time on, different waves of dissemination and dispersion of the parasite have been found. The latest correspond to broomrape race E dispersion in the early 1990’s and race F in the first years of 2000. These broomrape dissemination waves have been circumscribed only to the Guadalquivir and Cuenca areas. In the Castilla-León area, the presence of broomrape had not been noticed until now. In 2008, a highly virulent broomrape infection focal point (about 300 m2) has been detected in one sunflower plot near Medina del Campo (Valladolid), south of the centre of the Castilla-León area. Racial determination has proved that this broomrape inoculum belongs to race F.
Key word: Orobanche cumana, broomrape, sunflower, dissemination, F race
The Wild Species Helianthus - Source of Resistance to the Parasite Orobanche cumana
M. Christov, R. Batchvarova, M. Hristova-CherbadzhiDobroudja Research Institute, BULGARIA
ABSTRACT
Eleven perennial species Helianthus, with different ploid level, and several hybrid forms of sunflower, with origin from crosses of wild species with cultivated Helianthus annuus L., were included in this research. The obtained hybrid forms and the new lines, created from them, showed resistance to different races of Orobanche cumana. Full resistance to the most virulent broomrape race, widely distributed in Bulgaria, showed the materials, obtained from crosses of the tetraploid H. decapetalus and crosses of the diploid H. divaricatus. The difference in the profile of resistant and non-resistant lines was proved by the RAPD method. Part of the new resistant lines participate in the creation of new hybrid sorts.
The Evaluation of Broomrape Resistance in Sunflower Hybrids
Kaya Y.1 Evci¹ G. 1 Pekcan V. 1 Gucer T. 1 Yilmaz M.I. 1
¹ Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box: 16, 22100 Edirne, TURKEY,
Phone: +90 284 2358182, Fax :+90 284 2358210, e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Broomrape (Orobanche cumana L.) is the biggest problem both in Turkey and in some Eastern European countries and also in Spain. The research covering broomrape tests of sunflower hybrids in the trials based on National Sunflower Research Project was conducted in Trakya region, which has 75% of sunflower production in Turkey in 2006, 2007 and 2008 years. Based on this project, in natural infested conditions 306 in 2006, 443 in 2007 and 533 genetic materials (commercial and candidate hybrids, inbred lines, etc..) tested in 2008 and from these tested materials, 12 of them in 2006, 56 in 2007 and 140 in 2008 were observed as resistant in the research. In winter time, broomrape tests continued in growth chamber and in the pots as artificially infested conditions. Broomrape seeds were collected from naturally infested area of Trakya
region , then used in to determine of the reactions of developed hybrids and lines against these races. At this part of study, 1752 in 2006, 816 in 2007 and 1389 in 2008 sunflower genotypes were tested. Based on these tests, 332 materials in 2006, 94 in 2007 and 404 materials were found as resistant to new races of broomrape in the study.
Key Words: Sunflower, Hybrid, Broomrape, Resistance.
The Use of New Rf Inbred Lines Originating From Interspecific Population with H. deserticola for the
Production of Sunflower Hybrids Resistant to Broomrape
Nada Hladni1, Siniša Jocić1, Vladimir Miklič1, Dejana Saftić-Panković1, Dragan Škorić2
1Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, tele/faks 00 381 21 413 833 e-mail [email protected] Academy of Science and Arts, Branch in Novi Sad, Nikole Pašića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
ABSTRACT
One of the directions in sunflower breeding is selection for the resistance to broomrape. The population of broomrape has been stable in Serbia for a longer period of time, but the racial composition has changed in recent years, with race E being predominant in the regions of north Backa and Banat. Cultivated sunflower is genetically narrow and deficient in many desirable genes. Its genetic variability can be increased by the use of wild sunflower species and interspecific hybridization. The resistance of 15 new experimental hybrids to broomrape was tested on locations in Serbia (Pačir) during three years (2006, 2007, 2008) and in Romania (Baraganu, Bralia) during 2008. These hybrids were produced by crossing female inbred lines (Ha-26PR-A, PH-BC2-92-A and Ha-98-A) susceptible to broomrape and new Rf inbred lines (RHA-D-2, RHA-D-5, RHA-D-6, RHA-D-7, RHA-D-8), developed from interspecies population originating from H. deserticola, and resistant to broomrape race E. All examined hybrids were resistant to broomrape on both locations. Since broomrape race F is present on location in Romania, it is expected that the new Rf inbred lines-male components of examined hybrids, have the resistance gene for race F also.
Key words: sunflower, interspecific hybridization, resistance, broomrape
The Virulence of Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) Populations
on Sunflower in Some Regions of Northern Caucasus
T.S. Antonova, N.M. Araslanova, S.Z. Guchetl, T.A. Tchelustnikova, S.A. Ramazanova, E.N. Trembak
All Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of V.S. Pustovoit, (VNIIMK) Krasnodar, Russia
ABSTRACT
At virulence comparison of broomrape seeds collected on sunflower in Northern Caucasus in different years the populations Svetlogradskaya (Stavropol region, 2005) and Morozovskaya (Rostov region, 2006) were found as a high virulent for two resistant inbred lines of VNIIMK. The population Privolnenskaya (Krasnodar region, 2003) has shown the weakest virulence. Eight hybrids (different resistance against races A - E) were tested in field conditions against artificial infectious backgrounds of seeds from Svetlogradskaya and Privolnenskaya populations. The quantity of parasite stems appeared on the soil surface was counted. The sunflower variety Peresvet (VNIIMK) and a hybrid P 96 (resistant against race F in Spain) were tested at separate artificial inoculation by broomrape: race F (from Spain), the mixture of races F, G, H (from Turkey), also Svetlogradskaya and Privolnenskaya populations. The quantity of healthy tubercles was counted on sunflower roots after 30 days of growing. The all results confrontation let to make the conclusion: Svetlogradskaya and Privolnenskaya populations are represented by mixture of non virulent and virulent races for tested sunflower genotypes. But Svetlogradskaya contains a high percentage seeds of race F and insignificant admixture of the more virulent biotype. Privolnenskaya contains a high percentage seeds of race E and insignificant admixture of the more virulent biotype. The numerous tracks of died individuals of non virulent races were seen on roots of all experimental plants.
Key words: broomrape, virulence, races, sunflower,
Improving sunflower for resistance to Orobanche and Sulfonylureas herbicides - Sunflower hybrid PF100
Georgeta DICU, Nicoleta DUMITRESCU, Mihai RADU, Oana DIACONESCUProcera Agrochemicals Romania Ltd. No. 11, Muncii street, Fundulea city, 915200, Calarasi county, Romania
ABSTRACTProcera Agrochemicals Romania is a company that has developed a program for sunflower breeding, since 2004. One of the main goals of this improvement program is to obtain sunflower hybrids resistant to broomrape, as a consequence of the well-known fact that Romania has a constantly increasing incidence of soil-areas infested with this parasite.Sunflower hybrid PF100 is a semi-late hybrid that has genetic resistance to broomrape and is also genetically improved with resistance-genes to Sulfonyl Urea herbicides SURES-1 and SURES-2, for both male and female lines. PF100 has been tested in the Romanian official network of the State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration for the last two years (2006-2008). The results recorded showed that the seed production varied from 2348 kg/ha (Timiş county, 2005) to 4604 (Vaslui county, 2006) and the oil content in seeds was between 47-51%. In 2008, the highest seed yield of this hybrid (3700 kg/ha) was obtained in the tests trials from the demo-plots established at Viziru, Brăila county (one of the most infested county with broomrape).
Control of Broomrape in Iran
Afshin Esmaailifar¹, Alireza Nezamabadi² & Alizaman Mirabadi²1-Dept. of Plant Protection, Islamic Azad University, Arak,Iran. [email protected] Dept., Oilseed Research & Development Co. (ORDC), Tehran, Iran. ABSTRACT Broomrape is one of the most dangerous parasitic plants for many crops. The communities of weed broomrapes were investigated from sunflower fields in Iran. In the sunflower fields the populations of weed broomrapes consists of plants of Orobanche aegyptica, O.ramosa, O.cumana and O.crenata. There are present in Iran but sporadically, other species of Orobanche. Method of control and management for each parasite were included: crop rotation, clean seeds, sowing dates, biological control, genetic resistance and herbicides. The behaviour of some Iranian sunflower cultivars (RT21, AS508, Hysun 33, Hysun 25, Euroflore, Record,...) to O. aegyptica attack was tested in the artificial inoculation and natural contamination. It could be noted that all hybrid cultivars and from OP, Record exhibited an absolute resistance. To eradicate this dangerous plant was and still is the aim of specialists worldwide. In order to diminish the negative effect of broomrape on sunflower yield, there were tested the next methods: herbicides: crop – rotation, deep ploughing, deep seeding or watering, biological control by trap – plants, insects(Phtomyza orobanche), fungi(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. orthoceras), herbicides. The chemical method was proved to be a necessity for a modern agriculture. It was tested the efficacy of 5 variants of herbicides (Treflan 48 EC + Glyforom RV, Stomp 330 EC + Glyfogan 480 SL, Treflan 48 EC + Basta EC, Stomp 330 EC + Assert 250 EC, Stomp 350 + Basta EC) in 2 experimental field. The best results was with Treflan 48 EC (trifluralin 480 g/l) preemergent 2 l/ha + Glyforom RV (gliphosate 360 g/l) post emergent 0,2 l/ha + 0,3 l/ha applied at 40 and 60 days from
planting with efficacy 82,7% and Stomp 330 EC (pendimethalin 330 g/l) preemergent 4 l/ha + Glyphogan 480 SL (gliphosate sal 360 g/l) postemergent 0,2 + 0,3 l/ha, efficacy 80,7%, in the broomrape control. Keywords: Broomrape, Control, Herbicide, Insect,Fungi
Determination Superior Hybrid Combinations in Sunflower and Testing Hybrid Performance in Broomrape
(Orobanche Cumana Wallr.) Infested AreasOğuz GUNDUZ1, Abdurrahim Tanju GOKSOY2
1Tekcan Seed, Kesan, Edirne, Turkey, [email protected] University, Agriculture Faculty, Field Crops Dept. Bursa, Turkey
ABSTRACTThis research was conducted during 2004 - 2007 to estimate the parents and crosses showing superior general and specific combining abilities, F1’s hybrid vigor and genetic structure of a hybrid sunflower population in terms of phenological characters, agronomical traits, yield and quality characters and to identify suitable parents and promising hybrid combinations of resistance to Broomrape. Twenty five experimental hybrids were created using 5 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and 5 pollen tester (restorer) lines having different levels of resistance to Broomrape in sunflower. Field trials of the research were made at three different locations (Center, Ferhadanli and Banarli districts) in Tekirdag province. The experiments were designed in a randomized complete block with three replications.
According to the results, the general and specific combining ability (sca) variances were highly significant for all traits investigated except days to 50% flowering. According to the general combining ability effects obtained from the all locations, A3 (TTAE 4156A) for oil content, seed yield and oil yield were determined as the most suitable parents. The significant SCA effect and high mean values of hybrids combinations showed that A4 x B7, A3 x B7, A4 x B8, A5 x B6, A3 x B9 and A3 x B8 for seed and oil yields were promising hybrid combinations. It was found that A3 x B6, A3 x B7, A3 x B10 and A4 x B7 hybrids produced 20-25 % more oil yield compared with the average of control cultivars in some location. The results of Broomrape test indicated that, based on the commercial checks results, all trial areas were infested with the new races. In Ferhadanli, except Sanbro, all of the hybrids have showed lower attack degree. B10 male line was resistant to broomrape population in all locations. A3 x B6 and A3 x B7 experimental hybrids were found highly tolerant to the new broomrape races in all locations, instead of their parents’ susceptibility. Also, none of the B10 male
line hybrids were not showing any resistance to broomrape even at tolerant level.
As a results, genotypes A3 (TTAE 4156A), A4 (TTAE BAH8 A), B6 (RHA14) and B7 (RHA 20) were the parents involved in the best-yielding crosses. Among these parents, A3 and B7, which possesses a considerable positive GCA effect, might be utilized as a good parent in hybrid sunflower breeding programs. On the other hand, A3 x B6, and A3 x B7 might be considered as promising hybrid combinations for higher yield based on their heterosis and heterobeltiosis values, SCA effects and resistance to Broomrape.
Key Words: Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., combining ability, heterosis, line x tester, broomrape, Orobanche cumana W., yield and quality.
Virulence and aggressiveness of sunflower broomrape ( Orobanche cumana Wallr. ) populations, in Europe.
Maria Pacureanu Joita, Steluta Raranciuc, Elisabeta Sava, Elena Petcu, Narcisa Babeanu*, Ovidiu Popa*
National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, N. Titulescu st., no. 1, 915200, Fundulea, Calarasi , Romania. * University of Agricultural Sciences, Marasti Av., no. 59, Bucharest, RomaniaE-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The pathogenic composition of the broomrape populations has changed over the years, slowly at first, then rapidly in Eastern Europe, Turkey and Spain. In the last years, in Europe, new and aggressive populations of the parasite, have attacked sunflower crop, specially in Turkey, Spain, Romania, Russia, Ukraine and Bulgaria. In Romania there are three important areas infested with broomrape ( Orobanche cumana Wallr. ), different as infestation degree and presence of different virulent groups. A
new highly virulent population of broomrape has attacked sunflower in Romania in 2006 year. Many commercial hybrids belonging to different companies lost their resistance to this parasite. Sunflower genotypes, existing in Fundulea germplasm collection, used as differentials for the broomrape races, were tested with the parasite seeds collected from Romania, Spain, Turkey, Bulgaria and Ukraine. The spectrum of the broomrape races in these areas are different. Many genotypes, for some of them being known the reaction to the races in Spain or Turkey, were tested in Romania in 2008 year. The results have indicated a new and different virulent population of the parasite.
Key words: sunflower, broomrape, virulence, resistant ,sensitive.
Status of Orobanche Cernua Loefl. and Weeds in
Sunflower Production
in Turkey
M. Demirci1 Y. Kaya2
1Agrobest Grup Co. Atatürk Mah., Kazım Karabekir Cad. No: 61 Kemalpaşa-
İzmir, Turkey2 Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box: 16, 22100 Edirne, TURKEY,
ABSTRACT
Broomrape (O. cernuıa) is one of the most serious hindrances in sunflower production throughout the Turkey and Eastern Europe. Previous and late studies have shown that imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides applied onto IMI
resistant sunflower effectively controls O. cernua by rapid absorbtion, translocation and accumulation in the root attached parasite. However, susceptibility level of susceptible sunflower varieties to the herbicides has been an obstacle in application of these herbicides. Preliminary studies were conducted with susceptible sunflower varieties. But the best results obtained from single foliar treatment of Imazamox (35 g/l)+imazapyr (15 g/l), 43,75+18,75 g/ha was applied on IMI resistant sunflower plants 8-10 true leaf stage. The treatment caused serious damage to susceptible sunflower plants but no damage observed IMI resistant varieties and completely controlled O. cernua, resulting in a there-fold increase in sunflower seed yield over the non-treated control. In addition same treatment controlled key weeds that seriously harm sunflower production. Further studies are in progress to determine affectivity of other members of IMI herbicides application rates and timing. Broomrape (O.cernua) and weeds have infested and reduced yield in the sunflower production area with high economic level. But using IMI resistant and broomrape tolerant inbred varieties have suppressing and decreasing weed population and epidemics effectively in last there years.
Key Words: Orobanche cernua, weed control, imidazolinone herbicides, sunflower
Status of broomrape in Serbia
Stevan Masirevic,Faculty of agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia
ABSTRACT:
Epiphitotic spread of broomrape in Serbia started in the begining of nineties and continues up to date. It is considered that new race was introduced by confectionery sunflower seed. Sunflower is endangered on the north of Bačka region. The main foci of hazard are areas under sunflower on the Subotica - Bačka Topola route, with a tendecy of spreading toward Senta and Čantavir, while the second direction is toward Čonoplja and Aleksa Šantić, and then to the south. Less intensive attack is also noticed in Banat around Padej, Itebej i Vršac. It is significant to underline that broomrape has appeared in new localities Svetozar Miletić, Mol, Novi Bečej and Zmajevo at which it had not been registered previously. The analysis of population showed that broomrape in Serbia belonged to race E of the parasite. Constant monitoring of broomrape population is very important due to changes in race composition and evolution of new more virulent races. The most reliable method for control of the parasite is cultivation of resistant sunflower hybrids including IMI resistant hybrids.
Key words: broomrape, Serbia, physiological races, methods of control, sunflower
This symposium jointly organized by
Republic of Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsThe General Directorate of Agricultural
ResearchTrakya Agricultural Research
Institute – Edirne
Turkish Plant Breeders AssociationInternational Sunflower Association
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
This symposium jointly sponsored by
Agrozem Invest Co.
