Germplasm banking of the giant kelp:

our biological insurance in a changing

environment

Sara Barrento CIIMAR Portugal

Swansea University, UK

Carolina Camus I~MAR, Chile

Isabel Sousa-Pinto CIIMAR Rortugal

Alejandro Buschmann I~MAR, Chile

East West

FARMING HARVESTING CATCH UP

The drivers:

Biofuels

IMTA

BIOMASS

PRODUCTION

NUTRIENT

REMOVAL

NUTRIENT

REMOVAL

NUTRIENT

REMOVAL

NUTRIENT

REMOVAL

NUTRIENT

REMOVAL

NUTRIENT

REMOVAL BIOMASS

PRODUCTION

BIOMASS

PRODUCTION

BIOMASS

PRODUCTION

BIOMASS

PRODUCTION

BIOMASS

PRODUCTION

BIOMASS

PRODUCTION

Saccharina japonica Ye et al. 2015; Shan et al. 2011;

Zhang et al.2015

PorpHyra tenera Niwa et al. 2009

Eucheuma and Kappaphycus Halling et al. 2013

Gigartina skottsbergii Faugeron et al. 2004

Gracilaria chilensis Guillemin et al. 2008

Genetic Diversity loss in farmed seaweeds

Production decline after 3 years

Pathogens

Epiphytes Herbivores

Lacks of sustainable harvesting alongside

a sustainable domestication program

The seaweed aquaculture industry relies in the

serial sub-culture of restricted germplasm banks

Saccharina cultivars farmed in China, have a low genetic

diversity because of a restricted germplasm base; and

continuous selfing (Ye et al. 2015).

We need a Bioinsurance

11th of March of 2011, the aquaculture of U. pinnatifida along the Sanriku

Coast was almost completely destroyed by the tsunami that hit Japan

2010

2011

2015

2012 Sample collection

dates.

All populations: North,

Centre and South,

were collected in each

year and stocked

individually by sex.

Viability check based on

morphology and pigments

To create a germplasm bank

for 3 different populations of

the giant kelp in the coast of

Chile and assess its viability

after 5 years in suspended state aim

wh

ere

?

2010

2011

2015

2012 Sample collection

dates.

All populations: North,

Centre and South,

were collected in each

year and stocked

individually by sex.

Viability check based on

morphology and pigments

Centre

South

North

2010

2011

2015

2012 Sample of all populations:

North, Centre & South,

stocked individually by sex

in controled conditions

10°C; 2-4 μmol m-2s-1; in

Provasoli

Viability check based on

morphology and pigments

how?

23,048 GAMETOPHYTES

up to 54%

VIABLE

0

20

40

602010

2011 2012

South

Centre

North VIA

BIL

ITY

not related with

stocking duration

VIABILITY

depends on genetic

population

2010

2011 2012

50 % viable in the Centre

6 % viable in the South 2012

2010

2011

2015

2012 Sample collection

dates.

All populations: North,

Centre and South,

were collected in each

year and stocked

individually by sex.

Viability check based on

morphology and pigments

….

Seeking opportunity to develop a joint program to develop

an international bank of different species and populations

worldwide.

so what? Unique bank in the world

Efficient method to preserve

gametophytes up to 5 years

Stocking individuals by sex allows

future genetic improvement

Unique bank in the world

Efficient method to preserve

gametophytes up to 5 years

Assessment after 5 years in suspended state, with 50%

viability

Stocking individuals by sex allows future genetic

improvement

Gametophytes can also be used for: conservation

purposes population restocking

aquaculture management toxicological

research

gametogeneses studies

….

Seeking opportunity to develop a joint program to develop

an international bank of different species and populations

worldwide.

so what?

conservation purposes

population restocking

aquaclture management

toxicological research

gameogeneses studies

Gametophytes can also be used for:

now what?

We

need to Develop efficient protocols

Cold storage seems to be efficient

Standardize viability methods &

storage duration

Sufficient quantities

Acknowledgements

Portugal FCT

CIIMAR

Chile

UK Swansea University

Universidad de Los Lagos

CeBib

Thank you

Sara Barrento s.i.barrento@swansea.ac.uk

http://algaewales.wordpress.com