INTERNATIONAL REPORT ON - Home - GODT€¦ · Kidney transplants from deceased and living donors...
Transcript of INTERNATIONAL REPORT ON - Home - GODT€¦ · Kidney transplants from deceased and living donors...
1
INTERNATIONAL REPORT ON
Organ Donation and Transplantation Activities
Executive summary
2017
http://www.transplant-observatory.org/
October 2019
2
3
Contents
Results
1. TOTAL / GLOBAL TRANSPLANT ACTIVITY ...........................................................4
2. PATIENTS TRANSPLANTED …………………………………………………………………………...10
3. ACTUAL DECEASED DONOR ACTIVITY..................................................................12
4. KIDNEY ACTIVITY ..........................................................................................................17
5. LIVER ACTIVITY .............................................................................................................22
6. HEART ACTIVITY ...........................................................................................................27
7. LUNG ACTIVITY .............................................................................................................31
8. PANCREAS ACTIVITY ..................................................................................................35
9. SMALL BOWEL ACTIVITY ..........................................................................................39
10. TRANSPLANTS BY GENDER………………………………………………………………………….43
Methods and definitions ..……………………………………………………………………………………………………47
Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................49
Disclaimer ...............................................................................................................................................50
Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................51
4
Total / Global Transplant Activity
5
6
Kidney Liver Heart Lung Pancreas S. bowel
90,306 32,348 7,881 6,084 2,243 162
Global Activity in organ transplantation
Estimations 2017
139,024 ORGAN TRANSPLANTS
7
82 Member States, which represent 75 % of the global population, reported to the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT) for 2017.
Only one reporting country did not have any transplant activity at all.
Organ Transplant activities performed in 2017, although impressive, barely cover 10% of the global needs.
Member States with any transplant activities showed a large variability in rates pmp.
Percentages of transplanted organs in 2017
Kidneys and Livers are the more frequent therapeutic op-tions (65% and 23% respectively), while small bowel transplants are very infrequent.
65%
23%
6%
4%
2% 0%
Kidney
Liver
Heart
Lung
Pancreas
Small bowel
8
Transplant activity per type of organ (pmp). 2017
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
Small Bowell tx pmpPancreas tx pmp Total Lung tx pmpHeart tx pmp Total Liver tx pmpTotal Kidney tx pmp
9
139,024 TRANSPLANTS PERFORMED IN 2017
380 TRANSPLANTS / DAY
16 TRANSPLANTS / HOUR
10
Patients transplanted
11
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
Tx recipients from LD pmp
Tx Recipients from DD pmp
135,686 patients were reported to be transplanted in 2017
Patients transplanted (pmp). 2017
12
Actual Deceased Donor Activity
13
14
2263 2410 2486 25615188 6892 7985
23010 23377 23550 2424525586 27962 29462
8,9 9,3 9,5 9,5
16,919,8 21,3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
actual DBD actual DCD %DCD
Absolute numbers of DCD and DBD. Percentage of DCD. Global data. 2011-2017
78.7% donors after brain death
DBD: 70 countries
DCD: 25 countries 37,447 25,273
15
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
Philippines (n=12)Guatemala (n=2)
Nicaragua (n=1)Malaysia (n=13)
India (n=773)Bosnia&Herzegovina (n=3)
Japan (n= 111)Bol ivia (n=10)
Dom Republic (n=14)Kazakhstan (n=24)South Africa (n=91)
Peru (n=52)Paraguay (n=11)
Qatar (n=8)Saudi Arabia (n=104)
Romania (n=65)China (n=5146)
Rep of Moldova (n=16)Mexico (n=509)
Russia (n=572)Panama (n=17)
Thailand (n=294)Costa Rica (n=22)
Kuwait (n=20)Ecuador (n=83)
Greece (n=67)Bulgaria (n=43)
Singapore (n=39)Turkey (n=554)
Cyprus (n=10)Colombia (n=437)
Chile (n= 173)Germany (n=797)
Rep of Korea (n=515)Israel (n=92)
Cuba (n=142)Latvia (n=24)
Argent ina (n=593)Lith uania (n=40)
Estonia (n=18)Poland (n=560)
Luxembourg (n=9)Netherlands (n=258)New Zealand (n=73)
Slovakia (n=86)Brazil (n=3420)
Hungary (n=159)Switzerland (n=145)
Denmark (n= 103)Uruguay (n=66)Sweden (n=192)
Iceland (n=6)Slovenia (n=43)Ireland (n=99)
Austra lia (n=510)Finland (n=118)Norway (n=116)
Canada (n=802)UK (n=1492)
Belarus (n=224)Austria (n=213)
Czech Republic (n=269)Ita ly (n=1714)
F rance (n=1933)Malta (n= 12)
Belgium (n=348)USA (n=10286)
Croatia (n=140)Po rtugal (n=351)
Spain (n=2183)
Actual DBD pmp
Actual DCD pmp
Deceased donors (pmp). 2017
12 countries out
of 82 did not
have any DD in
2017
16
Actual donors after circulatory death (DCD): Absolute number and Rate (pmp). 2017
7,985 DCD (21.3 % of the total number of Actual deceased organ donors).
N = 25 countries
17
Kidney activity
18
19
Note – Rates are estimated by using the global population as the denominator.
Evolution of Kidney Transplant activities worldwide (absolute numbers and rates pmp).
2011-2017
76118 77818 78952 79948 84347 89823 90306
11 11.1 11.2 11.111.3
12.1 12.01
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Kidney Tx (Absolute Number) Kidney Tx pmp
36% from living donors in 2017
20
Absolute numbers of Kidney transplants from DD and from LD.
Percentage of LD. Global data. 2011-2017
90,306 76,118
21
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
Eth
iop
iaK
enya
Nig
eria
Hon
du
ras
Nic
ara
gu
aM
ala
ysia
Arm
eni
aP
eru
Sou
th A
fric
aR
ep o
f M
old
ova
Bos
nia
&H
erz
ego
vin
aD
om
Rep
ub
licP
hili
pp
ine
sP
ak
ista
nSu
da
nG
eo
rgia
Ind
iaB
ulg
ari
aP
ara
gu
ay
Mo
ng
olia
Gu
ate
ma
laB
oliv
iaR
oma
nia
Chi
na
Nor
th M
ace
don
iaR
uss
iaE
cua
do
rT
ha
ilan
dP
an
am
aK
aza
kh
sta
nSy
ria
Jap
an
Gre
ece
Cyp
rus
Sin
ga
por
eC
ub
aQ
ata
rC
osta
Ric
aC
olo
mb
iaC
hile
Jord
an
Ku
wa
itSl
ov
enia
Ge
rma
ny
Me
xico
Lit
hu
an
iaL
atv
iaIc
ela
nd
Est
on
iaS.
Ara
bia
Slo
va
kia
Bra
zil
Po
lan
dA
rge
ntin
aH
un
ga
ryIt
aly
Bel
aru
sC
roa
tia
N. Z
eala
nd
Ire
lan
dT
urk
ey
Uru
gu
ay
Swit
zerl
an
dR
ep o
f K
ore
aF
inla
nd
Isra
el
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
licA
ust
ralia
De
nm
ark
Swe
den
Bel
giu
mC
an
ad
aA
ust
ria
Po
rtu
ga
lN
orw
ay
UK
Ma
lta
Net
he
rla
nd
sF
ran
ceU
SA
Spa
in
Kidney transplants from deceased and living donors (pmp). 2017
81 countries reported kidney transplants (deceased and /or living). Only 13 countries (Armenia, Ethiopia, Georgia, Honduras, Jordan, Iceland, Kenya, Mongolia, Nigeria, N.Macedonia, Pakistan, Sudan and Syria) reported to have only living kidney transplants.
22
Liver activity
23
24
Evolution of the Liver Transplant activities (total numbers and rates pmp).
2011-2017
2372123986 25029
2615127759
3035232348
3.4 3.43.5
3.63.7
4.14.3
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Liver Tx (Absolute Number) Liver Tx pmp
Note – Rates are estimated by using the global population as the denominator.
19% from living donors in 2017
25
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
Liver transplants from deceased, living donors and domino (pmp). 2017
65 countries reported liver transplants (deceased and /or living). 13 countries reporting domino transplants: Belgium, Brasil, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and USA.
26
Absolute numbers of Liver transplants from DD, from LD and Domino.
Percentage of LD. Global data. 2011-2017
32,348 23,727
27
Heart activity
28
29
Evolution of the
Heart Transplant activities
(total numbers and rates pmp).
2011-2017
Note – Rates are estimated by using the global population as the denominator.
5741 5935 6270 65427023
7626 78810.8 0.8
0.9 0.90.9
1 1
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Heart Tx (Absolute Number) Heart Tx pmp
30
Heart Transplants (pmp). 2017
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
Malaysia (n=1)Romania (n=3)
India (n=237)Panama (n=1)Mexico (n=33)
Thailand (n=21)Peru (n=10)
China (n=446)Paraguay (n=3)
Latvia (n=1)South Africa (n=31)
Singapore (n=4)Bulgaria (n=5)
Greece (n=8)Costa Rica (n=4)
Turkey (n=75)Kazakhstan (n=19)
Saudi Arabia (n=37)Colombia (n=75)
Russia (n=252)Brazil (n=380)
Chile (n=36)Uruguay (n=7)
Israel (n=18)Netherlands (n=38)
Lithuania (n=7)Poland (n=98)
Argentina (n=117)UK (n=191)
Germany (n=257)Slovakia (n=18)
Ireland (n=16)Rep of Korea (n=184)
Australia (n=98)Belarus (n=39)
Denmark (n=25)Italy (n=265)
Portugal (n=46)Switzerland (n=40)
Finland (n=26)N Zealand (n=24)
Hungary (n=52)Canada (n=215)Norway (n=32)Sweden (n=62)Spain (n=304)
Belgium (n=79)Czech Rep (n=74)
France (n=473)Austria (n=64)Croatia (n=33)USA (n=3273)
Slovenia (n=24)
Heart tx pmp
53 countries reported heart trans-
plant activities in 2017.
Slovenia, followed by USA, pre-
sented the highest rate pmp with
more than 10 heart transplants
per million inhabitants (11.4 and
10.09 respectively).
31
Lung activity
32
33
Note – Rates are estimated by using the global population as the denominator.
Evolution of the Lung Transplant activities (total numbers and rates pmp). 2011-2017
4278 4359 4834 4689 5046 5497 6084
0.6 0.6
0.70.65
0.7 0.7
0.8
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Lung Tx (Absolute Number) Lung Tx pmp
34
Lung Transplant activities (pmp). 2017
0.00.00.00.00.10.20.20.20.30.3
0.50.50.50.50.5
0.90.91.01.1
1.71.8
2.22.4
3.03.3
3.83.83.8
4.24.34.44.4
5.96.1
6.66.66.6
7.57.6
7.88.6
9.510.6
13.3
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
Thailand (n=1)Mexico (n=4)
Peru (n=1)Malaysia (n=1)India (n=106)
South Africa (n=9)Russia (n=25)
China (n=299)Kazakhstan (n=5)
Lithuania (n=1)Colombia (n=24)
Turkey (n=40)Japan (n=66)Belarus (n=5)Brazil (n=112)
Chile (n=17)Argentina (n=42)
Poland (n=39)Saudi Arabia (n=37)
Uruguay (n=6)Rep of Korea (n=93)
Hungary (n=21)Italy (n=144)
UK (n=198)Portugal (n=34)
Germany (n=309)Switzerland (n=32)
Estonia (n=5)Czech Rep (n=44)N Zealand (n=20)
Netherlands (n=74)Finland (n=24)France (n=384)
Denmark (n=35)Sweden (n=65)Norway (n=35)
Israel (n=55)Ireland (n=36)USA (n=2478)Spain (n=363)
Australia (n=210)Canada (n=348)Belgium (n=121)Austria (n=116)
Lung Tx pmp
44 countries reported Lung transplants.
99.8 % of the transplants were from deceased donors while only eleven procedures were re-ported from living donors : Japan (n=10) and
Brazil (n=1).
According to the rates, a total of 12 coun-tries showed rates > 5.0 pmp, and 32 lower
than 5.0 pmp.
Austria had the highest activity (13.3 pmp) followed by Belgium (10.6 pmp).
35
Pancreas activity
36
37
2564 2423 2474 2328 2299 2342 2243
0.4
0.35
0.30.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Pancreas Tx (Absolute Number) Pancreas Tx pmp
Note – Rates are estimated by using the global population as the denominator.
Evolution of the Pancreas Tx activities (total numbers and rates pmp). 2011-2017
A continuous slight decrease is observed in the last years of compilation of data.
38
Pancreas Transplant activities (pmp). 2017
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.50.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.91.0
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.51.5
2.0
2.32.3
2.52.6
3.13.7
3.84.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
India (n=18)Peru (n=1)
South Africa (n=2)Russia (n=6)
Dominican Republic (n=1)Colombia (n=13)
Japan (n=43)Chile (n=9)
Brazil (n=111)Saudi Arabia (n=18)
Switzerland (n=5)Hungary (n=6)
Belarus (n=6)Italy (n=39)
Kuwait (n=3)N Zealand (n=4)Germany (n=72)
Ireland (n=5)Poland (n=41)
Israel (n=9)Croatia (n=5)
Rep of Korea (n=62)Belgium (n=14)
Argentina (n=62)Netherlands (n=25)
France (n=96)Spain (n=70)
Denmark (n=9)Australia (n=49)Canada (n=76)Austria (n=20)
Estonia (n=3)Sweden (n=25)
Portugal (n=27)UK (n=202)
USA (n=1002)Czech Rep (n=39)
Finland (n=21)Norway (n=24)
Pancreas tx pmp
39 countries reported pancreas
transplants.
The three countries with the
highest rates are Norway (4.5
pmp) followed by Finland (3.8
pmp) and Czech Republic (3.7
pmp).
39
Small bowel activity
40
41
Note – Rates are estimated by using the global population as the denominator.
Evolution of Small bowel Transplant activities (total numbers and rates pmp). 2011-2017
209 169 174 215 196 220 162
0.03
0.02 0.02
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.02
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0
50
100
150
200
250
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Small bowel Tx (Absolute Number) Small bowel Tx pmp
42
Small bowel Transplant activities (pmp). 2017
Only 15 countries reported to perform
small bowel transplants. A total of 162
were reported for 2017, although it
seems to be quite underestimated.
The rates vary from 0.02 to 0.34 pmp.
USA is the country with the highest ra-
te (0.34 pmp) followed by UK (0.27
pmp).
0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
India (n=1)
Brazil (n=1)
Turkey (n=2)
Saudi Arabia (n=1)
France (n=2)
Germany (n=3)
Australia (n=1)
Czech Rep (n=1)
Argentina (n=5)
Canada (n=5)
Spain (n=8)
Sweden (n=2)
Belgium (n=3)
UK (n=18)
USA (n=109)
Small Bowell tx pmp
43
Transplants by Gender
44
Patients transplanted by gender (%). 2017
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Cyprus (n=19)Guatemala (n=112)
Latvia (n=51)Bol ivia (n=82)
Kazakhstan (n=295)Ecuador (n=187)
Kuwait (n=89)Uruguay (n=184)
Dominican Rep (n=56)Argent ina (n=1999)
New Zealand (n=285)Peru (n=218)
Colombia (n=1307)Netherlands (n= 1262)
Norway (n=452)Hungary (n=441)
Belarus (n=491)Estonia (n=50)
Russia (n=1890)Slovakia (n=203)
Poland (n=1612)Czech Republic (n=835)
Denmark (n=372)UK (n=4871)
Mexico (n=3386)Singapore (n= 143)
USA (n=33508)Iceland (n=8)
Costa Rica (n=107)Germany (n=3285)
Switzerland (n=577)Turkey (n=4892)Bulgaria (n=58)Brazil (n=8538)
Thailand (n=871)Cuba (n=225)
Sweden (n=783)Austria (n=761)
Rep of Korea (n=3984)Israel (n=520)
Malaysia (n=86)Greece (n=212)
Finland (n=351)Spain (n=5152)
Panama (n=53)Ita ly (n=3951)
North Macedonia (n=17)Qatar (n=58)
Rep of Moldova (n=31)Philippines (n=526)
Malta (n=21)Portugal (n=865)
Slovenia (n=90)Paraguay (n=44)
Croatia (n=314)Lithuania (n=106)
Sudan (n=214)Nigeria (n=132)Armenia (n=11)Georgia (n=31)
% Male recipients % Female recipients
In brackets, absolute number of recipients provided by gender
33,540 female recipients (36.7%)
57,734 male recipients (63.2%)
N= 60 countries
45
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Nicaragua (n=1)Costa Rica (n=22)
Rep of Moldova (n=16)N Zealand (n=73)
Bolivia (n=10)Norway (n=116)Panama (n=17)Slovenia (n=43)
Singapore (n=39)Australia (n=510)
Kazakhstan (n=24)Germany (n=797)Denmark (n=103)
Paraguay (n=11)Netherlands (n=258)
Sweden (n=192)Hungary (n=159)Lithuania (n=40)
Finland (n=118)Luxembourg (n=9)
Croatia (n=140)France (n=1933)
Ireland (n=99)Japan (n=111)
Brazil (n=3420)United Kingdom (n=1492)
Italy (n=1714)Austri a (n=213)Greece (n=67)
Peru (n=52)Spain (n=2183)
Romania (n=65)USA (n=10286)
Bulgaria (n=43)Chile (n=173)
Switzerland (n=145)Portugal (n=351)
Israel (n=92)Czech Republic (n=269)
Rep of Korea (n=515)Argentina (n=593)
Uruguay (n=66)Turkey (n=554)Mexico (n=509)Poland (n=560)
Cuba (n=142)Colombi a (n=437)
Malta (n=12)Belarus (n=224)
Russia (n=572)Slovakia (n=86)Ecuador (n=83)
Latvia (n=24)Estonia (n=18)
Thailand (n=294)Dom Republic (n=14)
Kuwait (n=20)Saudi Arabia (n=104)
Iceland (n=6)Philippines (n=12)
Malaysia (n=13)Guatemala (n=2)
Qatar (n=8)Bosnia&Herzegov (n=3)
% Male DD % Female DD
Deceased Donors by gender (%). 2017
In brackets, absolute number of Total DD provided by gender
12,164 female actual donors (40.2%)
18,113 male actual donors (59.8%)
N= 64 countries
46
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Slovakia (n=11)Czech Republic (n=51)
Bulgaria (n=8)Portugal (n=79)
Greece (n=68)Finland (n=29)Poland (n=80)
Malaysia (n=56)Peru (n=46)Italy (n=328)Latvia (n=13)
Hungary (n=40)Cyprus (n=9)
Norway (n=77)Armenia (n=11)Spain (n=349)Iceland (n=8)
N Zealand (n=72)USA (n=6170)
Sweden (n=128)Argentina (n=435)Nicaragua (n=10)
Panama (n=15)Belarus (n=12)
Uruguay (n=19)Russia (n=332)
Australia (n=273)United Kingdom (n=1034)
Denmark (n=92)Mexico (n=2249)
North Macedonia (n=17)Paraguay (n=19)Lithuania (n=6)
Singapore (n=56)Slovenia (n=2)
Turkey (n=3736)Kazakhstan (n=235)
France (n=60)Kuwait (n=60)Ecuador (n=9)Bolivia (n=61)Sudan (n=214)
Costa Rica (n=53)Estonia (n=5)
Japan (n=1891)Thailand (n=201)
Israel (n=235)Rep of Korea (n=2292)Rep of Moldova (n=3)
Cuba (n=29)Malta (n=8)
Qatar (n=41)% Male LD % Female LD
11,211 female actual donors (52.5%)
10,126 male actual donors (47.4%)
N= 52 countries
In brackets, absolute number of LD provided by gender
Living Donors by gender (%). 2017
47
Methods and definitions
An ad hoc standard questionnaire for the activities related to organ donation and transplantation practices is
annually distributed to the identified health authorities and focal points contributing to the global database.
The definitions applied for the completion of the standardized questionnaire are derived from the WHO Glob-
al Glossary on Donation and Transplantation, which is accessible at http://www.transplant-observatory.org/
download/global-glossary/ or through the WHO website (http://www.who.int/transplantation/activities/en/). Defini-
tions and explanations about how to complete the questionnaire can be found at the Global Observatory on Do-
nation and Transplantation website (http://www.transplant-observatory.org/ ).
In summary,
Actual donor (=donor): a deceased person from whom at least one organ has been recovered for the purpose of organ removal.
DBD donor: a deceased donor whose death has been determined by neurological criteria.
DCD donor: a deceased donor whose death has been determined by circulatory criteria.
48
Transplants are counted as those performed only within the country.
Counts for the multiorgan or double organ transplants are counted as follows:
Counts for the number of recipients transplanted: For more than one organ transplanted into the same recipi-
ent, count as one recipient.
Specific indicators have been added to the questionnaire along the years, in order to provide further infor-
mation about the donation and transplantation activities performed around the globe.
The data provided correspond to the period from January 1st to December 31st 2017.
The progression bars represent rates that have been estimated by using the global population as the denomi-
nator. This approach provides a better estimation of the accessibility of the global population to transplant thera-
One double kidney transplant is considered as one transplant.
One heart-lung transplant is counted as one lung transplant and one heart transplant.
One double lung transplant is considered as one transplant.
One Kidney-pancreas transplant is counted as one kidney transplant and one pancreas transplant.
As a novelty, information about the gender data is presented for first time in the annual report. Some select-ed data provided by gender are shown, only for those countries that reported this type of information and when the figures were > 0.
49
pies.
To calculate rates per million inhabitants, the State of World Population reports, from the United Nations
Population Fund (UNFPA), has been used as the source to estimate the population size.
Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software (version
25.0) and the Excel tool was used for the creation of bar charts.
The official maps are annually produced by the Information Evidence and Research (IER) Department at
WHO, derived from a datasheet of the Global Database.
Acronyms
It should be noticed that the previous GODT Reports used the most recent available national figures to avoid missing data. However, only the responding countries for 2017 have been included in this report. Therefore com-parative analysis with previous years should be treated with caution.
DBD: Actual donors after brain death
DCD: Actual donors after circulatory death (DCD)
DD: Actual deceased organ donors
LD: Living organ donors
GODT: Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation
ONT: Organización Nacional de Trasplantes, Spain
pmp: per million inhabitants
Tx: Transplants
WHO: World Health Organization
50
Disclaimer The data and information presented here are published in order to promote transparency in transplantation
activities.
Whenever possible this information has been confirmed by official national sources. However, in some instances,
there are still provisional estimates. It is therefore anticipated that some data presented may be modified without
prior notice.
As the facts displayed here are not definitive, they cannot be reproduced or quoted unless shown with the ap-
propiate warning and the date.
For any references to this report, the following should be quoted: Organ Donation and Transplantation Activi-
ties 2017 Report. Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT).
For citations of the 2017 GODT data please quote the following: Those 2017 data are based on the Global Ob-
servatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT) data, produced by the WHO-ONT collaboration.
For any references in Charts and bar chart please quote: * Data of the WHO-ONT Global Observatory on Do-
nation and Transplantation.
51
Acknowledgements
The GODT team is grateful to the identified focal points in Member States for their valuable contribution to the
database, the Council of Europe for its contribution through the Newsletter Transplant and the Information Evi-
dence and Research (IER) Department at WHO for the production of the global maps.
52