INTERNATIONALRELATIONS2013–2014 UpdateTenth Edition

Joshua S. Goldstein Jon C. Pevehouse

Chapter One: The Globalization of International Relations

International Space Station, 2010.

Chapter One: The Globalization of International Relations

1.1 Globalization, International Relations, and Daily Life

• International Relations

• Core Principles of IR

• IR as a Field of Study

MyLab Media

Simulations. Why Study International Relations?

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Core Principles of IR• IR revolves around one key problem

• Collective goods problem

• Three basic principles offer possible solutions to collective-goods problems

IR affects our lives in many ways. This woman’s boyfriend died in Iraq in 2006.

TOUCHED BY WAR

Collective goods are provided to all members of a group, regardless of their individual contributions. For example, these migrant workers crossing the Sahara desert in Niger in 2006 all depend on the truck’s progress, even while perhaps jostling for position among themselves. In many issue areas, such as global warming, the international community of nations is similarly interdependent. However, the provision of collective goods presents difficult dilemmas as players seek to maximize their own share of benefits.

TRAVEL COMPANIONS

IR as a Field of Study• IR is about international politics

• The field is interdisciplinary

• Mix of conflict and cooperation in relationships among countries

• Subfields

Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy, New Jersey, 2012. Global climate stability is a collective good.

1.1 Globalization, International Relations, and Daily LifeQ. What key problem does international relations revolve around?

A) How to deal with the issue of global warming

B) How to solve global poverty

C) How a group can reconcile its collective and individual interests

D) How to properly negotiate treaties

Answer:

C) How a group can reconcile its collective and individual interests

True-False

A person who achieves the position of power through astruggle between his/her siblings is an example ofdominance.

Answer:

True

1.2 Actors and Influences

• State Actors

• Nonstate Actors

• Levels of Analysis

• Globalization

MyLab Media

Video: Conflict Diamonds and the Kimberly Process.

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State Actors

• Territory• Government• Population• Sovereignty

• International system - set of relationships among world’s states

States are the most important actors in IR. A handful of states are considered great powers and one a “superpower.” Here, leaders of Britain, the United States, and Germany watch a British-German soccer game (overtime shootout) together during a G8 summit at Camp David, 2012.

POWERS THAT BE

Nonstate Actors• Transnational actors when they operate across international

borders

• Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)

• Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)

• Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

• Substate actors

Nonstate actors participate in IR alongside states, although generally in less central roles. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are becoming increasingly active in IR. Here, the singer and activist Bono helps present an Amnesty International award to Burma’s Aung San Suu Kyi, 2012.

POWERS THAT BE

Levels of Analysis

• Four levels of analysis in the study of IR:

• Individual• Domestic• Interstate• Global

Globalization• Expanded international trade, telecommunications,

monetary coordination, multinational corporations, technical and scientific cooperation, cultural exchanges, migration and refugee flows, relations between world’s rich and poor countries

• First view

• Second view

• Third view

As the world economy becomes more integrated, markets and production are becoming global in scope. This Hong Kong container port ships goods to and from all over the world, 2008.

THINK GLOBALLY

1.2 Actors and InfluencesQ: Which of the following is only informally recognized as a state, despite being a political entity often referred to as one?

A) Israel

B) Iraq

C) Taiwan

D) Western Sahara

Answer:

C) Taiwan

True-False:

The head of state and of government are one in the same in every nation.

Answer:

False

1.3 Global Geography

• North-South gap• Most important geographical element at the

global level of analysis

• North

• South

1.3 Global GeographyQ: In the global North, the GDP per capita is roughly how many times as high as in the global south?

A) Three

B) Four

C) Five

D) Six

Answer:

D) Six

True-False:

Russia/CIS has the lowest GDP per capita in The North Region.

Answer:

True

1.4 The Evolving International System• The Two World Wars, 1900-1950

• The Cold War, 1945-1990

• The Post-Cold War Era, 1990-2013

The Two World Wars, 1900-1950

• Cult of the offensive

• Trench warfare

• Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations

• Munich Agreement

• Pearl Harbor, Hiroshima, Negasaki

The Cold War, 1945-1900

• Yalta, Marshall Plan• NATO and Warsaw Pact, containment• Sino-Soviet split• Korean War• Sputnik, U-2 spy plane, Bay of Pigs• Cuban Missile Crisis• Proxy Wars• Vietnam War• Tiananmen Square• Perestroika and glasnost - fall of Soviet Union

During the Cold War, the U.S. and Soviet sides sought spheres of influence. Europe was divided, and Germany itself was split, with its capital, Berlin, also divided. In 1961 the communist side built the Berlin Wall, seen here in 1962, to keep its population from leaving. It was dismantled as the Cold War ended in 1989.

IRON CURTAIN

Peaceful trends mark the post–Cold War era, though war and terrorism continue. The Arab Spring popular uprisings in 2011–13 brought the world’s latest wave of democracy to the Middle East. They overthrew governments in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen; sparked civil war in Syria; and reshaped the region’s international dynamics. Here, supporters of newly elected Islamist president Mohammed Morsi celebrate in Tahrir Square—in the capital of Egypt, at the heart of the Arab world—in 2012.

IRON CURTAIN

The Post-Cold War Era, 1990-2013

• Gulf War - Iraq occupied Kuwait• Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)• Breakup of Yugoslavia• Somalia and Rwanda• September 11, 2001; Afghanistan, Iraq• More peaceful than Cold War• Globalization in international economic relations• China more central to world politics

1.4 The Evolving International System Q: What was the result of the Korean War at the time of the 1953 truce?

A) North Korea controlled more of the Korean peninsula.

B) China shifted its support to South Korea.

C) The United States shifted its support to North Korea.

D) South Korea became a key political ally in Asia.

Answer:

D) South Korea became a key political ally in Asia.

True-False:

The Gulf War was initiated when Iraq invaded Qatar.

Answer:

False

Chapter Discussion Question

Using the current war in Afghanistan and the Vietnam War for comparison, what are some evolving approaches to international relations? You might focus on summit meetings, containment, crises, drone strikes, and assassinations.