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INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND WARFARE IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN

EUROPE

A Bibliography of Diplomatic and Military Studies

William Young

Chapter 2

Late Middle Ages to Renaissance Italy (1337-1494)

Europe (1337-1494) Allmand, Christopher Thomas, editor. The New Cambridge Medieval History,

Volume 7: c.1415-c.1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Aston, Margaret. The Fifteenth Century: The Prospect of Europe. Library of European Civilization series. London: Thames and Hudson, 1968.

Cheyney, Edward P. The Dawn of a New Era, 1250-1453. The Rise of Modern Europe series. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1936.

Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. Before Columbus: Exploration and Colonization from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, 1229-1492. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987.

Fowler, Kenneth. The Age of Plantagenet and Valois. London: Elek Press, 1967; New York: Exeter Books, 1980.

Gilmore, Myron P. The World of Humanism, 1453-1517. The Rise of Modern Europe series. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1952.

Hay, Denys. Europe in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. General History of Europe series. Second edition. London: Longman, 1989.

Holmes, George. Europe: Hierarchy and Revolt, 1320-1450. Blackwell Classic Histories of Europe series. Second edition. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.

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Jones, Michael C.E., editor. The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 6: c.1300-c.1415. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Mulgan, Catherine. The Renaissance Monarchies, 1469-1558. Cambridge Perspectives in History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Nicholas, David. The Transformation of Europe, 1300-1600. The Arnold History of Europe series. London: Arnold, 1999.

Previté-Orton, Charles William and Zachary Nugent Brooke, editors. The Close of the Middle Ages. Volume 8 in The Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936.

Waley, Daniel and Peter Denley. Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520. Third edition. Harlow, England: Pearson Education, 2001.

Watts, John. The Making of Polities: Europe, 1300-1500. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Diplomats and Diplomacy Behrens, B. “Origins of the Office of English Resident Ambassador in

Rome.” The English Historical Review 49 (October 1934): 640-56. Beverley, Tessa. “Venetian Ambassadors, 1454-1494: An Italian Elite.”

Ph.D. thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. Chaplais, Pierre. English Diplomatic Practice in the Middle Ages. London:

Hambledon Continuum, 2003. __________. English Medieval Diplomatic Practice. 2 volumes. London: Her

Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1975-82. __________. Essays in Medieval Diplomacy and Administration. London:

Hambledon Press, 1981. Croskey, Robert M. Muscovite Diplomatic Practice in the Reign of Ivan III.

Modern European History series. New York: Garland, 1987. Cuttino, George Peddy. English Diplomatic Administration, 1259-1339.

Second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971. __________. English Medieval Diplomacy. Bloomington: Indiana University

Press, 1985. Larson, Alfred. “English Embassies during the Hundred Years War.” The

English Historical Review 55 (July 1940): 423-31. Mattingly, Garrett. Renaissance Diplomacy. London: Jonathan Cape, 1955;

reprinted, New York: Cosimo Classics, 2010.

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Meek, Edward. “The Practice of English Diplomacy in France, 1461-1471.” In The English Experience in France c.1450-1558: War, Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange. Edited by David Grummitt. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2002.

Queller, Donald E. The Office of Ambassador in the Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967.

Military and Naval Affairs Allmand, Christopher Thomas. “Changing Views of the Soldier in Late

Medieval France.” Guerre et société en France, en Angleterre et en Bourgogne, XIVe-XVe siècle. Villeneuve d’Ascq, France: Université de Lille III, 1991.

__________. “New Weapons, New Tactics 1300-1500.” Chapter 5 in Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare. Edited by Geoffrey Parker. Revised edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

__________. “War.” In The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 7: c.1415-c.1500. Edited by Christopher Allmand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Balard, Michel. “Genoese Naval Forces in the Mediterranean during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” In War at Sea in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Warfare in History series. Edited by John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2003.

Bartusis, Mark C. The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453. The Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.

Bell, Adrian R. War and the Soldier in the Fourteenth Century. War in History series. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2004.

Bennett, Matthew. AThe Development of Battle Tactics in the Hundred Years War.@ In Arms, Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War. Edited by Anne Curry and Michael Hughes. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 1994.

Bradbury, Jim. The Medieval Archer. Woodbridge, England: Boydell and Brewer, 1985.

__________. The Medieval Siege. Woodbridge, England: Boydell and Brewer, 1992.

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Clements, John. “Wielding the Weapons of War: Arms, Armour, and Training Manuals during the Later Middle Ages.” In The Hundred Years War: A Wider Focus. Edited by L.J. Andrew Villalon and Donald J. Kagay. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2004.

Clough, Cecil H. “Chivalry and Magnificence in the Golden Age of the Italian Renaissance.” In Chivalry in the Renaissance. Edited by Sydney Anglo. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 1990.

__________. “Love and War in the Veneto.” In War, Culture and Society in Renaissance Venice: Essays in Honour of John Hale. Edited by David S. Chambers, Cecil H. Clough, and Michael E. Mallett. London: Hambledon, 1993.

Contamine, Philippe. War in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984. DeVries, Kelly. “Gunpowder and Early Gunpowder Weapons.” In

Gunpowder: The History of an International Technology. Edited by Brenda Buchanan. Bath, England: Moorland, 1996; reprinted in Guns and Men in Medieval Europe, 1200-1500: Studies in Military History and Technology. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2002.

__________. Guns and Men in Medieval Europe, 1200-1500: Studies in Military History and Technology. Variorum Collected Studies series. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2002.

__________. Infantry Warfare in the Early Fourteenth Century. Warfare in History series. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 1996.

__________. “The Effectiveness of Fifteenth-Century Shipboard Artillery.” The Mariner’s Mirror 84 (November 1998): 389-99; reprinted in Guns and Men in Medieval Europe, 1200-1500: Studies in Military History and Technology. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2002.

__________. “The Technology of Gunpowder Weaponry in Western Europe during the Hundred Years War.” Kongress der Internationalen Kommission für Militärgeschichte Acta 22: Von Crécy bis Mohács Kriegswesen im späten Mittelaltar (1346-1526). Vienna, Austria: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, 1997; reprinted in Guns and Men in Medieval Europe, 1200-1500: Studies in Military History and Technology. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2002.

__________ and Robert Douglas Smith. Medieval Military Technology. Second edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010.

Fowler, Kenneth. Medieval Mercenaries, Volume I: The Great Companies. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.

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France, John, editor. Mercenaries and Paid Men: The Mercenary Identify in the Middle Ages. History of Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2008.

Gravett, Christopher. German Medieval Armies, 1300-1500. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 1985.

Hall, Bert S. A>So Notable Ordynaunce=: Christine de Pizan, Firearms, and Siegecraft in a Time of Transition.@ In Culturhistorisch Kaleidoskoop: Een Huldeabum aangeboden aan Prof. Dr. Willy L. Braekman. Edited by C. de Backer. Brussels, Belgium: Stichting Mens en Kultuur, 1992.

__________. AThe Changing Face of Siege Warfare: Technology and Tactics in Transition.@ In The Medieval City under Siege. Edited by Ivy A. Corfis and Michael Wolfe. London: Boydell Press, 1995.

Hardy, Robert. The Longbow: A Social and Military History. Cambridge, England: Stephens, 1976.

Hooper, Nicholas and Matthew Bennett. “Europe Divided: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries.” Chapter 4 in The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768-1487. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Housley, Norman. Religious Warfare in Europe, 1400-1536. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Keen, Maurice Hugh. The Laws of War in the Late Middle Ages. Studies in Political History series. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965.

Mallett, Michael E. AMercenaries.@ In Medieval Warfare: A History. Edited by Maurice H. Keen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

__________. Mercenaries and Their Masters: Warfare in Renaissance Italy. London: Bodley Head, 1974; reprint, Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2009.

__________ and John Rigsby Hale. The Military Organization of a Renaissance State: Venice, c.1400 to 1617. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Michael, Nicholas. Armies of Medieval Burgundy, 1364-1477. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 1983.

Miller, Douglas. The Swiss at War 1300-1500. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 1979.

Mitchell, Russell. “The Longbow-Crossbow Shootout at Crécy (1346): Has the Rate of Fire Commonplace been Overrated?” In The Hundred

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Years War: Different Vistas. Edited by L.J. Andrew Villalon and Donald J. Kagay. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2008.

Murphy, David. Condottiere 1300-1500: Infamous Medieval Mercenaries. Warrior series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2007.

Nicolle, David. French Armies of the Hundred Years War. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2000.

__________. Italian Medieval Armies, 1300-1500. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 1983.

Oman, Charles William Chadwick. A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages, Volume II: 1278-1485. Second edition. London: Methuen, 1924; reprint, London: Greenhill, 1998.

__________. “The Art of War in the Fifteenth Century.” In The Close of the Middle Ages. Volume 8 in The Cambridge Medieval History. Edited by C.W. Previté-Orton and Z.N. Brooke, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936.

Parker, Geoffrey. “The Gunpowder Revolution 1300-1500.” Chapter 6 in Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare. Edited by Geoffrey Parker. Revised edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Prestwich, Michael. Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.

__________. “Was there a Military Revolution in Medieval England?” In Recognitions: Essays Presented to Edmund Fryde. Edited by Colin Richmond and Isobel Harvey. Aberystwyth, Wales: National Library of Wales, 1996.

Richards, John. Landsknecht, 1486-1560. Warrior series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2002.

Rogers, Clifford J. “The Development of the Longbow in Late Medieval England and ‘Technological determinism’.” Journal of Medieval History 37 (September 2011): 321-41.

__________. “The Efficacy of the English Longbow: A Reply to Kelly DeVries.” War in History 5 (April 1998): 233-42.

__________. “The Vegetian Science of Warfare in the Middle Ages.” Journal of Medieval Military History 1 (2002): 1-19.

Rose, Susan. Medieval Naval Warfare, 1000-1500. Warfare and History series. London: Routledge, 2002.

Runyan, Timothy J. “Naval Power and Maritime Technology during the Hundred Years War.” In War at Sea in the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

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Warfare in History series. Edited by John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2003.

Sicking, Louis. “Amphibious Warfare in the Baltic: The Hansa, Holland and the Habsburgs (Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries).” In Amphibious Warfare 1000-1700: Commerce, State Formation and European Expansion. History of Warfare series. Edited by David J.B. Trim and Mark Charles Fissel. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2005.

Smith, Robert Douglas and Kelly DeVries. The Artillery of the Dukes of Burgundy, 1363-1477. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2005.

Strickland, Matthew and Robert Hardy. The Great Warbow: From Hastings to the Mary Rose. Stroud, England: Sutton, 2005.

Urban, William L. Medieval Mercenaries: The Business of War. London: Greenhill, 2006.

Vale, Macolm Graham Allan. “New Techniques and Old Ideas: The Impact of Artillery on War and Chivalry at the End of the Hundred Years War.” In War, Literature and Politics in the Late Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of G.W. Coopland. Edited by Christopher T. Allmand. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1975.

__________. War and Chivalry: Warfare and Aristocratic Culture in England, France and Burgundy at the End of the Middle Ages. London: Duckworth, 1981.

Whetham, David. “Medieval Longbow Technology.” In The Hundred Years War: Different Vistas. Edited by L.J. Andrew Villalon and Donald J. Kagay. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2008.

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__________. “Henry IV, the Royal Succession and the Crisis of 1406.” In The Reign of Henry IV: Rebellion and Survival, 1403-1413. Edited by Gwilym Dodd and Douglas Biggs. Woodbridge, England: York Medieval Press/Boydell Press, 2008.

__________. Richard II and the Revolution of 1399. Stroud, England: Sutton, 1999.

Biggs, Douglas. “The Reign of Henry IV: The Revolution of 1399 and the Establishment of the Lancastrian Regime.” In Fourteenth Century England I. Edited by Nigel Saul. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2000.

__________. Three Armies in Britain: The Irish Campaign of Richard II and the Usurpation of Henry IV, 1397-1399. History of Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006.

Bonner, Elizabeth A. “Scotland’s ‘Auld Alliance’ with France, 1295-1560.” History 84 (January 1999): 5-30.

Bothwell, James S., editor. The Age of Edward III. Woodbridge, England: York Medieval Press/Boydell Press, 2001.

Brown, A.L. “The Reign of Henry IV: The Establishment of the Lancastrian Regime.” In Fifteenth Century England, 1399-1509: Studies in Politics and Society. Edited by Stanley Bertram Chrimes, Charles D. Ross, and Ralph A. Griffiths. Second edition. Stroud, England: Alan Sutton, 1995.

Brown, Chris. The Second Scottish Wars of Independence, 1332-1363. Stroud, England: Tempus, 2002.

Chrimes, Stanley Bertram, Charles D. Ross, and Ralph A. Griffiths, editors. Fifteenth Century England, 1399-1509: Studies in Politics and Society. Second edition. Stroud, England: Alan Sutton, 1995.

Collins, Hugh E.L. The Order of the Garter, 1348-1461: Chivalry and Politics in Late Medieval England. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 2000.

Dobson, Richard B. The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381. History in Depth series. London: Macmillan, 1970.

Dockray, Keith. Edward IV: A Source Book. Stroud, England: Alan Sutton, 1999.

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__________ and Peter Fleming, editors. People, Places and Perspectives: Essays on Later Medieval and Early Tudor England in Honour of Ralph A. Griffiths. Stroud, England: Nonsuch Publishing, 2005.

Dodd, Gwilym and Douglas Biggs, editors. Henry IV: The Establishment of the Regime, 1399-1406. Woodbridge, England: York Medieval Press/Boydell Press, 2003.

Dunn, Alistair. “A Kingdom in Crisis: Henry IV and the Battle of Shrewsbury.” History Today 53 (August 2003): 31-37.

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Goodman, Anthony. John of Gaunt: The Exercise of Princely Power in Fourteenth-Century Europe. Harlow, England: Longman, 1992.

__________ and James L. Gillespie, editors. Richard II: The Art of Kingship. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1999.

Grant, Alexander. “Disaster at Neville’s Cross: The Scottish Point of View.” In The Battle of Neville’s Cross, 1346. Edited by David W. Dollason and Michael Prestwich. Stamford, England: Shaun Tyas, 1998.

__________. Independence and Nationhood: Scotland, 1306-1469. The New History of Scotland series. London: Edward Arnold, 1984; reprint, Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

Griffiths, Ralph A. The Reign of Henry VI: The Exercise of Royal Authority, 1422-1461. London: Ernest Benn, 1981.

Harriss, Gerald L. Shaping the Nation: England 1360-1461. The New Oxford History of England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Hicks, Michael A. Edward IV. London: Arnold, 2004. __________. Edward V: The Prince in the Tower. Stroud, England: Tempus,

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Jacob, Ernest Fraser. The Fifteenth Century, 1399-1485. The Oxford History of England series. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1961.

Jones, Michael and Malcolm Vale, editors. England and Her Neighbors, 1066-1453: Essays in Honour of Pierre Chaplais. London: Hambledon Press, 1989.

Keen, Maurice Hugh. England in the Later Middle Ages: A Political History. Second edition. Abingdon, England: Routledge, 2003.

Kleineke, Hannes. Edward IV. Routledge Historical Biographies series. Abingdon, England: Routledge, 2009.

Macdougall, Norman. An Antidote to the English: The Auld Alliance, 1295-1560. Scottish History Matters series. East Linton, Scotland: Tuckwell Press, 2001.

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McFarlane, Kenneth Bruce. “England: The Lancastrian Kings, 1399-1461.” In The Close of the Middle Ages. Volume 8 in The Cambridge Medieval History. Edited by C.W. Previté-Orton and Z.N. Brooke, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936.

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Mortimer, Ian. The Perfect King: The Life of Edward III, Father of the English Nation. London: Jonathan Cape, 2006.

Nicolson, Ranald. Edward III and the Scots: The Formative Years of a Military Career, 1327-1335. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Oman, Charles William Chadwick. The Great Revolt of 1381. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1906; reprint, Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger, 2008.

Ormrod, W. Mark. Edward III. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011. __________. “England: Edward II and Edward III.” In The New Cambridge

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__________. The Reign of Edward III: Crown and Political Stability in England, 1327-1377. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.

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Packe, Michael. King Edward III. Edited by L.C.B. Seaman. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983.

Pollard, Anthony James. Late Medieval England, 1399-1509. Harlow, England: Longman, 2000.

Powell, Edward. “England: Lancastrian England.” In The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 7: c.1415-c.1500. Edited by Christopher T. Allmand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Prestwich, Michael. “England and Scotland during the Wars of Independence.” In England and Her Neighbours, 1066-1453: Essays in Honour of Pierre Chaplais. Edited by Michael C.E. Jones and Malcom Vale. London: Hambledon Press, 1989.

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__________. “The English at the Battle of Neville’s Cross.” In The Battle of Neville’s Cross, 1346. Edited by David Dollason and Michael Prestwich. Stamford, England: Shaun Tyas, 1998.

__________. The Three Edwards: War and State in England, 1272-1377. Second edition. London: Routledge, 2003.

Priestley, E.J. The Battle of Shrewsbury, 1403. Shrewsbury, England: Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council, 1979.

Rubin, Miri. Hollow Crown: A History of Britain in the Late Middle Ages. Penguin History of Britain series. London: Allen Lane, 2005.

Saul, Nigel. Richard II. English Monarch series. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.

Tuck, Anthony. Crown and Nobility, 1272-1461. Second edition. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1999.

__________. Richard II and the English Nobility. London: Edward Arnold, 1973.

Watts, John L. Henry VI and the Politics of Kingship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Waugh, Scott L. England in the Reign of Edward III. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Wilkinson, Bertie. The Later Middle Ages in England, 1216-1485. History of England series. London: Longman, 1969.

Wolffe, Bertram Percy. Henry VI. English Monarchs series. London: Eyre Methuen, 1981; reprint, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.

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__________. “The Personal Rule of Henry VI.” In Fifteenth-Century England, 1399-1509: Studies in Politics and Society. Edited by Stanley B. Chrimes, Charles D. Ross and Ralph A. Griffiths. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1972.

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Bonner, Elizabeth A. “Scotland’s ‘Auld Alliance’ with France, 1295-1560.” History 84 (January 1999): 5-30.

Calmette, Joseph. “France: The Reign of Charles VII and the End of the Hundred Years War.” In The Close of the Middle Ages. Volume 8 in The Cambridge Medieval History. Edited by C.W. Previté-Orton and Z.N. Brooke, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936.

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Famiglietti, Riccardo C. Royal Intrigue: Crisis at the Court of Charles VI, 1392-1420. Studies in the Middle Ages series. New York: AMS Press, 1986.

Henneman, John Bell. Olivier de Clisson and Political Society in France under Charles V and Charles VI. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.

__________. Royal Taxation in Fourteenth-Century France: The Development of War Financing, 1322-1356. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.

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__________. Royal Taxation in Fourteenth-Century France: The Captivity and Ransom of John II, 1356-1370. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society series. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1976.

Jones, Michael C.E. Between France and England: Politics, Power, and Society in Late Medieval Brittany. Variorum Collected Studies series. Aldershot, England: Ashgate/Variorum, 2003.

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__________. The Creation of Brittany: A Late Medieval State. History Series. London: Hambledon Press, 1988.

__________. “The Last Capetians and Early Valois Kings, 1314-1364.” In The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 6: c.1300-c.1415. Edited by Michael C.E. Jones. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Kekewich, Margaret L. The Good King: René of Anjou and Fifteenth Century Europe. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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Knecht, Robert J. The Valois: Kings of France, 1328-1589. London: Hambledon Press, 2004.

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Potter, David. A History of France, 1460-1560: The Emergence of a Nation State. London: Macmillan, 1995.

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Spencer, Mark. Thomas Basin (1412-1490): The History of Charles VI and Charles VII. Bibliotheca Humanistica and Reformatorica series. Nieuwkoop, The Netherlands: De Graaf, 1997.

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Vale, Malcolm Graham Allan. Charles VII. London: Eyre Methuen, 1974. __________. “France: France at the End of the Hundred Years War (c.1420-

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__________. “Seigneurial Fortification and Private War in Late Medieval Gascony.” In Gentry and Lesser Nobility in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Michael C.E. Jones. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1986.

Vernier, Richard. The Flower of Chivalry: Bertrand du Gueslin and the Hundred Years War. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2003.

Wright, Nicholas. Knights and Peasants: The Hundred Years War in the French Countryside. Warfare in History series. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2000.

Burgundy and the Low Countries Armstrong, C.A.J. “The Burgundian Netherlands, 1477-1521.” In The

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__________. Warfare in Medieval Brabant, 1356-1406. Warfare in History series. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2004.

Fournier, Paul. “The Kingdom of Burgundy or Arles from the Eleventh to the Fifteenth Centuruy.” In The Close of the Middle Ages. Volume 8 in The Cambridge Medieval History. Edited by C.W. Previté-Orton and Z.N. Brooke, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936.

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