International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing...

22
International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness Research Danyi Zhang, MD President & Chief Medical Officer VitalStrategic Research Institute [email protected] November 5-6, 2012 Comparative Effectiveness Research Summit

Transcript of International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing...

Page 1: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness Research

Danyi Zhang, MDPresident & Chief Medical Officer

VitalStrategic Research [email protected]

November 5-6, 2012Comparative Effectiveness Research Summit

Page 2: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

Evolution of Outcomes Research

Evidence‐based Population Health and Medicine

Page 3: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

CER Governing Bodies Around the World

NICE High Health Authority

Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory

Committee (PBAC)

Joint Federal

Committee (JFC)

Agency for Healthcare

Research and Quality (AHRQ)

Ministry of Science

Health Insurance ReviewAgency (HIRA)

Page 4: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

Comparative Effectiveness Research in Emerging Markets

How is CE governed and funded?

Who enforces the recommendations, if at all?

Has the information led to changed medical practices or altered costs?

Who decides what topics to address?

Who conducts analyses?

What are the primary data sources/techniques?

How is information disseminated?

Page 5: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

Russia

Different parts of Russia have used CE information to make resource allocation decisions and improve technical efficiency

The current system of resource allocation is highly centralized and heavily hospital‐oriented

CE offers a means to improve alocative efficiency by reducing hospitalization, expanding the outpatient drug benefit, and setting professional standards for best practice

Page 6: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

Brazil

Relys on CE to help ensure the accessibility of the services promised in the benefit package Uses the NICE guidelines as the first step in a process to ensure the availability of the services in the benefit packageMinistry of Science reviews the NICE guidelines in the context of the country’s medical care system,  Brazilian health economists evaluate the cost of the NICE recommendations in the Brazilian contextThis information, in combination with the requests of physicians, hospital managers,  and patient advocates, is presented to the Minister of Health for a final decision on what should be included in the final benefit package. Once a drug or device is included in the benefit package, the expectation is that it will be available to all patients

Page 7: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

KoreaIn 2007, Korea abandoned reference pricing and switched to a positive drug listing system that calls for price negotiation based on evidence of comparative clinical and cost‐effectiveness (value‐based pricing). The shift highlighted the need to link decision making to evidence generation. In response,Health Insurance Review Agency (HIRA} became the government body In 2008 national medical research institute (NECA) was charged with undertaking research to address HIRA needs.Preliminary discussions indicate decision‐maker interest in both head‐to‐head trials and claims analyses as well as in methods research, including social value elicitation from the Korean population and adaptation of QALY or another outcome measure to the Korean setting

Page 8: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

China, Taiwan, Thailand

China Taiwan Thailand

Survey (participant) 12 6 8

Population (million) 1,347.4   23.3  65.5

Total Health 

Expenditures: % of GDP 

4.3 6.5 4.1

•GDP per capita: International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook (WEO) Database, April 2012 edition•Health expenditures: Word Bank•Population: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population

Page 9: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

Factors Influencing Decision Making

Factors Currently Influencing Decisions

Q1 Efficacy and safety data gained from RCT

Q2Novelty of the heath technology (e.g., branded 

vs. generics, 1st vs. 2nd or 3rd in the same 

class)

Q3Comparactive effectiveness vs. other health 

technologies for the same indication

Q4Evidence gained from Real‐World 

observational or non‐interventional studies

Q5 Evidence gained from medical chart reviewQ6 Patient QoL or PRO

Q7Patient affordability or cost burden of the 

medical product

Q8Whether the product is list on reimbursement 

list

Q9Medical guideline, treatment pathway, or 

expert recommendation

Q10 Public or private insurance coverage

Q11Chemical, biological vs. traditional or 

alternative medicine

For physicians when 

making medical choices

For Payer/Gov. /HTA experts/Academic 

when making reimbursement or coverage 

decision

Payer/Gov./Expertsphysician

Score 1 to 5, least to most influencing

Page 10: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

Other Factors Influencing Decision Making

What other factors healthcare 

providers

are currently using or 

will evaluate upon making medical 

decision?

• Local existing practice pattern• Clinical risk (may result in over‐

treatment)

• Price• Cost‐effectiveness• Patient’s preferences• Patient’s compliance to a 

treatment (inconveniences, AEs)

• Physician’s personal experience• Physician’s income vs. work load

What other factors government 

payers

are currently using or will 

evaluate upon making 

reimbursement decision?

• Epidemiological importance• Patient’s reactions• Absolute price level• Cost‐effectiveness/economic 

considerations/budget impact

• Political considerations• Psychological consideration 

(e.g., palliative cancer 

treatment)

• Location of manufacturer 

(China; related to local 

economy)

• Potential mis‐use or over‐use

Page 11: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

Knowledge of Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER)

Familiar with 

CER?

CER should be the 

most important 

factor for HTA?

Resources in 

obtaining CER 

analysis evidence

Steps to 

implement CER 

into routine 

practice

YES: IIIIIIIIII 10YES: IIIIIIIIII 10NO:  IIIIIIIIIIII 12NO:  IIIIIIIIIIII 12

Communication 

(incl. high quality 

publications) with 

physicians and 

payers on the CER 

results

Studies with local 

data

Reliability of 

evidence

Clinical guidelines

Studies 

supplied 

by 

sponsors

YES: IIIIIIII 8YES: IIIIIIII 8NO:  II 2NO:  II 2DonDon’’t know: IIIIIIIIIIII 12t know: IIIIIIIIIIII 12

To answer 

WHAT works 

for WHOM in 

what 

circumstances

CER is real‐

world study, 

should be 

considered 

alongside withRCT results. 

Page 12: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

Current regulatory requirements and submission process in reference to HTA

Current fo

cus is on 

efficacy an

d safety. 

HTA is cur

rently not

 

required.

RCT results are 

required. HTA is 

encouraged.

Evidence on safety and 

efficacy are required. 

HTA is only used in the 

step of National Listing 

of Essential Medicine (NLEM).

For NDA application

Page 13: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

Future trends of HTA process, role, and impact within the next 1 to 3 and 5 to 10 years

Page 14: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

National HTA Models• Mostly mentioned: UK (NICE) and Australia• Many mentioned Canada• One Chinese physician mentioned Italian model

Most Chinese 

respondents think 

China’s situation is more 

complicated and needs 

to find its own way.

HTA 

Model

Page 15: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

Why CER is needed in China?

15

Clinical effectiveness evidence for treatment used in specific Chinese population and environment is needed ‐ ethnic background, traditional medicine, domestic generics, policy, health insurance, economic status

Rapid increase in new medicines or device entering from global sources brings challenge in making proper medical choice without evidence in comparative effectiveness

Clinicians and medical associations demand more clinical outcomes data collected from real‐world to determine gaps from guidelines, unmet needs, patient preference, and patient compliance

Government payors are increasingly interested in clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness evidence to inform reimbursement policies

Page 16: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

China Cardiometabolic Registries (CCMR)

16

Organized by Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Supported by MOH, Funded by Industry

Page 17: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

CCMR – Ongoing Studies

Visit: www.clinicaltrial.gov

for more information17

3B (Completed)

CCDC(Ongoing)

3B Extension 

(Ongoing)NEW2D (Initiated)

Nationwide Assessment 

of Cardiovascular Risk 

Factors: Blood Pressure, 

Blood Lipid, and Blood 

Glucose, in Chinese 

Patients with Type 2 

Diabetes

Comprehensive Cohort 

Study in Type 2

Diabetes with High Risk 

of CVD in China

A Comprehensive 

Longitudinal Cohort 

Study in Type 2 

Diabetes with High Risk 

of CAD in China 

Evaluation of 

Effectiveness of 

Treatment Paradigm 

for Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes 

Patients in China

25,000 Patients 1,000 Patients 5,000 Patients 5,000 Patients

No Follow‐up 12 Month Follow‐up 3 year Follow up 1 year follow up

Endocrinologists 

CardiologistsNephrologists

Endocrinologists Endocrinologists 

Cardiologists 

Nephrologists

Endocrinologists

Cardiologists

Internists

Merck Roche Merck BMS

Page 18: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

CCMR - Pathway to Quality Real World Clinical Research

18

CMDA –CCMR

ESC –Euro Heart Survey

ACC ‐NCDR

Supported by MOH Based on Europe and US experienceAiming to serve China, Asia and the world

Page 19: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

China National Disease Registry

Registry Study Data Center

To SponsorProduct DevelopmentSafety InformationProduct Utility

To HospitalQuality ManagementClinical Pathway Guideline Adherence

To ResearcherPublicationsEducation MaterialCareer Development

【Statistical Analysis and Report】

EMR + eCRF

19

Page 20: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

China Outcomes Research and Evidence Based Medicine Summit (CORE)

2011 CORE

2012 CORE

2013 CORE

Page 21: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.
Page 22: International Perspective of Comparative Effectiveness ... · Factors Currently Influencing Decisions. Q1: ... Public or private insurance coverage. Q11: Chemical, biological vs.

2012 CORE Summit Attendance

Attendee Distribution

China 

Japan 

Australia

Singapore

United States

France