International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest,...

OfficeInternationalde l'Eau

International Office for Water

AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC, .PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23rd April 2003 slide 1

Phare Water Statistics

Budapest, Hungary 23rd April 2004

Andre-François BOSCHET

Benoît FRIBOURG-BLANC




0-IOW Presentation

I-Eurowaternet concepts

II-Eurowaternet-Emissions

III-EWN-e 2003 data collection test

IV-Emission factors

V-Conclusion




0-IOW presentation

Statute and missions

Non profit making association, state approved

Created in 1991

Missions :– gathering public organizations and private companies in an international

network– provider of services of general interest (Training Centre, Information

Centre)– Actor of international cooperation for sustainable management of water

resources




Water AgenciesPublic

enterprises

Localauthorities,

Municipalities

Ministries

Cooperationorganizations

Universities ResearchCentres Professional

organizations

Privatecompanies

NonGovernmentalOrganizationsIOW

149 organizations(17 from foreign countries)

A network of partners




Activities and sites

PARIS

Headquarters (9 employees)

LIMOGES

National Training Centre (57 employees)

National Water Information Centre (21 employees)

SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS

International Institute forWater Management (21 employees)

106 permanent employeesSales : 7,4 M.EURO




I-Eurowaternet concepts (Task undergoing as part of the European Topic Centre on Waters Work programme under subvention with European Environment Agency)





- A reporting system for all emissions to water, comparable over Europe

- long term goal : report only once for multiple (EU and international) uses

- short term goal : allow EEA to report on and assess emissions to water, and contribute to the data collection and organisation for comparability





PRINCIPLE of EWN-e database

Quantity emitted

Source

Geographical aggregation

Time period

Substance




PRINCIPLE of EWN-e database

Required data• Assessment Unit: area code and area name

• Source categories: 7 emission sources in EWN-e

• Individual sources: activities/location behind emissions

• Determinands: name, amount and unit

• Temporal Aggregation: year and period

EWN-e database tables




PROCESS (1) Differences between collected data and required data :

• file format: ACCESS, Excel, etc• determinands name• emission units: kg/day, kg/year • sources categories• geographical coverage: country or sub-basin

Turn the collected data into the right format




PROCESS (2)PROCESS (2)

Data in original format

Table 2

Table 1

Table 3

Table 4

EWN-e database main structure

Data converted into Access format and processed




DATABASE STRUCTURE (1) Main structure tables

T_EWN_e_DETERMINANDS

T_EMISSIONS

T_PRESSURES

T_ASSESSMENT_UNIT

T_IND_SOURCES_LIST

T_EWN_e_SOURCES_CATEGORY




DATABASE STRUCTURE (2)DATABASE STRUCTURE (2)

Relationships:• ONE-TO-MANY. Enforced referential integrity (cascade update

only)

T_ASSESSMENT_UNIT

T_EMISSIONS1

• LIST BOX : to facilitate addition of data

Ex:

Ex: name of determinands, units, emission source in T_Emissions table




Relationships scheme




EUROSTAT-Newcronos

Datasources

Reportingformat

EWN-esources

Individualsource

Assessment Unit Determinands Time frame Gaps and remarks

EUROSTATNewcronos

Download inCSV format

1-Urban2-Industrial3-Agricultural

No individualsourcespecified

Geographical coverage:38 countries in Europe

Reporting coverage:Whole national country

PressuresPermanent populationavailable

13 determinands, 4are included inWFD prioritysubstances list.

Data availablefor the years1970, 1975,1980, 1985,1990, 1995 to2001

- Only three emissionssources- Forestry emissions areincluded into agriculturalemissions.- No activities mentioned- Consultation isrequired to fix value oftreatment yield andPopulation Equivalent percountry.- Not all the countriesrespond to thequestionnaires

III-EWN-e 2003 data collection test




PRB Scheldt

Datasources

Reportingformat

EWN-esources

Individualsource


PRB Scheldt Excel filefor FR andBECSV Formatfor NL

1-Urban2-Industrial3-Agricutural5-Transport6-Waste7-Natural andsemi-natural

None Geographical coverage:Scheldt international basin

Reporting coverage:18 assessment units in NL17 assessment units in BE59 assessment units in FR

PressuresNo pressures for NLPermanent population for FRNo pressure for Flemish area,BEPermanent population andsoil occupation for theWalloon area, BE.

19 determinandsOnly 1 common forthe whole basin

2001 - 3 very complete datasets- Pressure anddeterminands to beharmonised.




UK (EA)

Datasources

Reportingformat

EWN-esources

Individualsource


EmissionInventory ofEA (UK)

Accessdatabase

2- Industrial6- Wastes

573 industries Geographical coverage:United Kingdom

Reporting coverage:238 districts

PressuresNo pressure available

259 determinands,24 are prioritysubstances

From 1992 to2000

- Limited to waste andindustry

- No pressures




Some examples of Test indicators

Indicator 1 :Trends in emission per Assessment Unit

Data source: DENMARK

AU: GUDEN A, ARHUS AMT

Determinand: Total phosphorus




Indicator 2 : Relative change of emissions between 1985 and 1999

Data source :

OSPAR

AU: Country




Indicator 3 :Trends in emission per Assessment Unit

Data source : EUROSTAT AU: Estonia




Indicator 4 : Sectors contribution to overall emissionper Assessment Unit and per year

Data source: ICPDR AU: Romania, Tisa, Mures Year: 2000




IV-Emission factors

1.Context

2.French TEF

3.Loire-Bretagne pilot study

4.Ifen/IOW study

5.Spanish study (TAU)




1.ContextA complex picture…

POINT SOURCES:

Agriculture

NON-POINT SOURCES:

• Run-off rainwater• Agriculture• Atmospheric deposition

WW 6.3

WW 4.1

WW 5.2.2

WW 7.1

WW 4.2.2

WW 6WW 6.1

WW 5.2.1

UWWTP

WW 4.2.1

WW 7.2

Drainage from soils, direct transfers etc.

WW 5.2

WW 4.2

WW 5.1

WW 7

Urban Waste Water CollectingSystem

Inland

Water

Rainwater run-off from paved area, infiltration and drainage intocollecting system

Industrial Activities •Mining and quarrying•Manufacturing Industry•Prod./Distr. Electricity•Construction

Domestic Sector•Other activities•Households

IWWP

Independenttreatment

Independent Waste Water CollectingSystem

SOURCES COLLECTING SYSTEMS TREATMENTS RECEIVING WATERS

WW_4

WW_5

SLUDGES

WW 6.2

POINT SOURCES:

Agriculture

NON-POINT SOURCES:

• Run-off rainwater• Agriculture• Atmospheric deposition

WW 6.3

WW 4.1

WW 5.2.2

WW 7.1

WW 4.2.2

WW 6WW 6.1

WW 5.2.1

UWWTP

WW 4.2.1

WW 7.2

Drainage from soils, direct transfers etc.

WW 5.2

WW 4.2

WW 5.1

WW 7

Urban Waste Water CollectingSystem

Inland

Water

Rainwater run-off from paved area, infiltration and drainage intocollecting system

Industrial Activities •Mining and quarrying•Manufacturing Industry•Prod./Distr. Electricity•Construction

Domestic Sector•Other activities•Households

IWWP

Independenttreatment

Independent Waste Water CollectingSystem

SOURCES COLLECTING SYSTEMS TREATMENTS RECEIVING WATERS

WW_4

WW_5

SLUDGES

WW 6.2




For each part of the system (sources, collecting systems, treatments) three types can be distinguished:

- the biggest often emit most of the pollution and are measured(e.g. facilities in the EPER tool should together represent 90% of the emission of the parameter)

- the smaller often emit individually small quantities but can represent together big emissions, and are far less measured (once a week or less)

- non point, being difficult to measure are often ignored

… BUT to obtain a complete picture asked for by the JQ : a need to calculate or estimate small and non point parts of the system using models and/or statistical data and emission factors




2.French TEF:- Created by the French Water Law 64/1245- Used since 1964 in each Water Agency, covering France- It is a table giving emission factors for 375 different categories of industries

a.Principle Formula:

Emission factor x Characteristic unit = quantity emitted

2 types of emission factors: - raw pollution- net pollution

Regulated emission factors……supplemented on demand

…by measured emission factors




b. Content

There are 5 entry to the table

- name of the category of polluting activities (letter + name)

- code of the category (letter + number)

- Characteristic unit (definition + unit)

- emission factors dedicated to 9 determinands (SS, Organic matter,

Inhibiting matter, Salts, reduced nitrogen, oxidised nitrogen, total

phosphorus, AOX, Metox)

- observations (dedicated to specific cases)




French TEF: Problems

- nomenclature process-oriented,

- only industries of >400EH: exclude SMEs

- confidentiality (measurement)

- specific parameters not linked to CAS or other common classification : MA, MP, MO, METOX

- based on month of maximum activity




3.French emission inventory study, diffuse sources: 1-agriculture:

a.Principle




French emission inventory study, agriculture:

b.Nitrogen input- Atmospheric deposition originates from EMEP

- Inorganic fertilisers: sales at NUTS2 level,use on each type of crop based on a national survey

(NUTS3 level), and surface of each crop on agriculture census and

Corine Land Cover area

- Nitrogen fixation by leguminous (alfalfa, peas…)





c.Nitrogen input : livestock- Number of animals in various categories (Agriculture

census)

- Calculation more detailed for cows: main contributor

- Emission factor for the excretion of each type of animal

- Emission factor for the manure produced by each type of animal (manure + volatilisation = excretion)

- determinands : Nitrogen, Phosphorus

- the methodology takes into account the time outside on fields





d.Nitrogen output- yields (NUTS3)

- Nitrogen content of the products : harvested or fodder used for animals

Nitrogen input – Nitrogen output = Nitrogen balance




Practical application: JRC

Calculation of Agricultural Nitrogen Quantity for EU River Basins, based on EUROSTAT data at NUTS 2 level (2001)





Pilot study used a transfer of 30% or 70% based on soil type

Further work in course using:- rain water run-off- Soil type- Slope- …- Results available June 2004




French emission inventory study, diffuse sources:2-urban and industrial/commercial areas

a.Principle :Using Corine Land Cover area and the % of impervious area, and an

emission factor depending on the determinand (based on bibliography)

Corine code

impervious %

emission factor for N (kg/d/km²)

emission factor for P (kg/d/km²)

emission factor for

BOD (kg/d/km²)

111 Urban area 70 23 0,24 125112 not continuous urban area 35 23 0,24 125121 industrial and commercial zones 85 23 0,71 125




b.Practical application

Emissions of industrial/commercialand urban areas

DiffuseindustrialDiffuseurban




4.Emission factors to water : creation of a database

a.Point sources : human being

Activity Country Determinand technical coefficient Reference

Unit Value

Hospital BOD5 head g/inh./d 39 7

Hospital NK head g/inh./d 8 7

Hospital Ptot head g/inh./d 4 7

washing machine USA BOD5 head g/inh./d 7,9 1

washing machine USA BOD5 head g/inh./d 9,5

washing machine USA BOD5 head g/inh./d 14,8

washing machine France BOD5 head g/inh./d 4 8

Characteristic unit




4.Emission factors to water : creation of a database

b.Point sources : industries

i.final product ii.wastewater discharged

Determinand Dairy factory Urban WastewaterpH variable 7 to 8TSS 500 mg/l 300 mg/lCOD 2600 mg/l 650 mg/lBOD 1500 mg/l 200 mg/lNK 60 mg/l 80 mg/lPtot - -

Average concentration of milk industry and domestic wastewater (Agence de l'eau Seine Normandie)Source water consumption average

Dairy - cheese dairy 0,5 to 10 litre/litre of milk 2Brewery 0,5 to 1,5 m3/hectolitre of beer 1Sugar refinery 0,15 to 10 m3/t of sugar beet 1,5Slaughterhouse 5 to 15 m3/t of carcass 10Maltery 5m3/t of malt 5Canning factory 10 to 30m3/t of final product 20Potato production 5 to 20m3/t of potato -Starch factory 5m3/t of potato 5Cider factory 4 to 8 litre/litre of cider -

Water consumption according to industrial sector (Agence de l'eau Seine Normandie)




Emission factors to water : creation of a database

c.Linear (diffuse) sources

Pb Zn HAP

kg/(ha imp.).year

kg/(ha imp.).year

kg/(ha imp.).year

REF (11) 1,332 2,329 0,018

REF (11) 1,155 2,892 0,014

REF (11) 0,36 0,715 0,005




5. A Spanish study conducted by TAU in 2001

- 12 industrial activities, some subdivided,

- Factors are calculated from statistical data from the profession andbibliography, (1995)

- Factor are on energy, raw material, water consumed, products and byptoducts, electricity, waste water, waste and emissions

- Emissions factors are thus on waste water and water use.




Spanish study: Content

- for Waste water Emissions factor, it is mainly process water, thus it is

difficult to calculate a factor per unit (e.g. Tonnes)

- main parameters : COD, BOD, TSS, N and P, AOX is not very frequent.

- tentative link of information gathered to NACE Code,

- short description plus scheme of each activity in Spain,

- short bibliography on the sources of information.




Spanish study: one example

OUTPUT UNIT VALUEPRODUCTProduct (year 1995) 15.11.13 15.11.14 tP 2 207 803By-product 15.11.19 15.11.30.30 15.11.30.50 15.11.40kg/tP 303Electricity MJ/tPProcess heat MJ/tPWASTE WATERProcess water kg/tP 9 000Cooling water kg/tPCOD kg/tPBOD5 kg/tP 13AOX g/tPTSS kg/tP 11Nitrogen kg/tP 2Phosphorus kg/tP 0Oil and fats kg/tP 0WASTE WATERMunicipal waste kg/tPProduction waste (gastric content) kg/tP 212Hazardous waste of production waste kg/tPSludge kg/tPWaste from energy production kg/tPConstruction waste kg/tP

Process : production and preserving of meat of swineNACE/PRODCOM:15.11.13 15.11.14INPUT UNIT VALUEENERGY CARRIERHard Coal MJ/tPLignite MJ/tPMineral oil MJ/tPNatural gas MJ/tPProcess heat MJ/tPElectric power MJ/tPTotal MJ/tPMATERIALS AND OPERATING SUBSTANCESRaw material 01.23.10 kg/tP 1 513Operating substances kg/tPWATER USEProcess water kg/tP 9 000Cooling water kg/tP




Conclusion

For Waste water statistics improvement - A need to cover all emission sources (point to diffuse, big to small)- A need to be as precise as possible at the optimum cost- A need to share approaches of which emission factors

A need for an emission factor database

International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest,...

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