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Transcript of International Migrations Statistics in ESCWA Region Neda Jafar United Nations Economic and Social...
International Migrations StatisticsInternational Migrations Statistics in in
ESCWA RegionESCWA Region
Neda JafarNeda JafarUnited NationsUnited Nations
Economic and Social Commission for Western AsiaEconomic and Social Commission for Western Asia(ESCWA)(ESCWA)
[email protected]@un.org
UN Expert Group Meeting on UN Expert Group Meeting on Measuring International Migration: Concepts and MethodsMeasuring International Migration: Concepts and Methods4-7 December 2006, New York4-7 December 2006, New York
ContentsContents
ESCWA ACTIVITIES IN INTERNATIONAL ESCWA ACTIVITIES IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: 1990-2006MIGRATION: 1990-2006
REGIONAL TRENDSREGIONAL TRENDS
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS STATUS: SOURCES, METHODOLOGY AND STATUS: SOURCES, METHODOLOGY AND CHALLENGESCHALLENGES
ESCWA PROPOSED FUTURE ACTIVITIES FOR ESCWA PROPOSED FUTURE ACTIVITIES FOR 2007-20092007-2009
ESCWA ACTIVITIES IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION ESCWA ACTIVITIES IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION (1990-2006)(1990-2006)
The issue of International Migration gained importance as a result of the The issue of International Migration gained importance as a result of the repatriation of migrant workers from oil-producing countries in repatriation of migrant workers from oil-producing countries in Western Asia during the Gulf war, followed by new inflows once the Western Asia during the Gulf war, followed by new inflows once the war had ended.war had ended.
Early ninetiesEarly nineties: few unplanned and limited activities in response to : few unplanned and limited activities in response to emerging issues dealt with social and economic challenges posed by emerging issues dealt with social and economic challenges posed by return migrationreturn migration
In 1999:In 1999: Expert Group Meeting on International Migration in the Middle Expert Group Meeting on International Migration in the Middle East: Patterns and Implications for Sending and Receiving Countries East: Patterns and Implications for Sending and Receiving Countries
In 2001In 2001: Study on Migration and Population Policies in the Arab Region : Study on Migration and Population Policies in the Arab Region
In 2002In 2002: Study on Responding to globalization: trends, challenges and : Study on Responding to globalization: trends, challenges and labor market policies and population dynamicslabor market policies and population dynamics
In 2005In 2005: ESCWA Expert Group Meeting on International Migration : ESCWA Expert Group Meeting on International Migration StatisticsStatistics
In 2006In 2006: Expert Group Meeting on International Migration and : Expert Group Meeting on International Migration and Development in the Arab region.Development in the Arab region.
Regional TrendsRegional Trends In 1973, sharp increase in oil pricesIn 1973, sharp increase in oil prices
The oil-producing countries accelerated The oil-producing countries accelerated recruitment of foreign workers needed to build recruitment of foreign workers needed to build infrastructure.infrastructure.
Migrants in the six member States of the Gulf Migrants in the six member States of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)- Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Cooperation Council (GCC)- Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab EmiratesQatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
• 1 million in 19701 million in 1970• 4 million in 19804 million in 1980• 9.6 million in 2000, of which 5.3 resided in Saudi 9.6 million in 2000, of which 5.3 resided in Saudi
Arabia.Arabia.
1965 1975 1985 1990 2000
Egypt 206 195 186 176 169Bahrain 38 57 134 169 254Iraq 21 102 500 500 147Jordan 700 672 933 1,112 1,945Kuwait 239 514 1,001 1,503 1,108Lebanon 170 208 278 314 634Palestine 297 626 786 898 1,665Oman 50 132 436 576 682Qatar 35 97 202 299 409Saudi Arabia 306 815 3,523 4,038 5,255Syrian Arab Republic 318 441 691 800 903United Arab Emirates 117 322 890 1,478 1,922Yemen 50 64 62 65 248ESCWA 2,547 4,245 9,622 11,928 15,341PRED: ESCWA countries migration stock
Migrant Stock (in thousands)
In 2000In 2000• Arab countries in the list of major receiving Arab countries in the list of major receiving
countries in the worldcountries in the world Saudi Arabia (3.0%)Saudi Arabia (3.0%) Jordan and United Arab Emirates (each Jordan and United Arab Emirates (each
1.1%)1.1%)
Migrant labor constitutes an avg. 35% of labor Migrant labor constitutes an avg. 35% of labor force in oil producing countries & in some as force in oil producing countries & in some as much as 80%much as 80%
In 2002 the Arab countries received US$14 billion, In 2002 the Arab countries received US$14 billion, ie 2.2% of GDP.. Highest receiver of remittances ie 2.2% of GDP.. Highest receiver of remittances in the world.in the world.
International migrants constituted:International migrants constituted:
Stock of Migrants in the ESCWA RegionStock of Migrants in the ESCWA Region
2000
(1) (2) (3)
Egypt 67,884 169 0.2Bahrain 640 254 39.8Iraq 22,946 147 0.6Jordan 4,913 1,945 39.6Kuwait 1,914 1,108 57.9Lebanon 3,496 634 18.1Palestine 3,191 1,665 52.2Oman 2,538 682 26.9Qatar 565 409 72.4Saudi Arabia 20,346 5,255 25.8Syrian Arab Republic 16,189 903 5.6United Arab Emirates 2,606 1,922 73.8Yemen 18,349 248 1.4
165,577 15,341 9.3UN Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Country or area
Total Population (thousands)
Migrant stock
Number (thousands)
Per cent of
population
2000
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS STATUS: INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS STATUS: SOURCES, METHODOLOGY AND CHALLENGESSOURCES, METHODOLOGY AND CHALLENGES
The dearth of data as a result of:The dearth of data as a result of:
• wide spectrum and incongruent sources wide spectrum and incongruent sources
• lack of comprehensive framework and methodology lack of comprehensive framework and methodology
• weakness of capacity and limited resources weakness of capacity and limited resources
• inadequacy of administrative records inadequacy of administrative records
• lack of surveys lack of surveys
Types of immigrantsTypes of immigrants
StudentsStudents
Workers .. “overseas workers”Workers .. “overseas workers”
Family reunification/formationFamily reunification/formation
Refugees/Asylum seekersRefugees/Asylum seekers
Administrative RecordsAdministrative Records
Purpose is administrative Purpose is administrative
Missing detailed data on migrantsMissing detailed data on migrants
Scarcity of statistical reports Scarcity of statistical reports
Non-existence of population registersNon-existence of population registers
Inadequacy of exit/entry forms for boardersInadequacy of exit/entry forms for boarders
Insufficiency data/inadequacy of quality data from Insufficiency data/inadequacy of quality data from work permitswork permits
Population CensusesPopulation Censuses
2010 Round Principles and Recommendations of Population and Housing 2010 Round Principles and Recommendations of Population and Housing Census Census
““citizenship” - all mccitizenship” - all mc
““place of birth” - 6 mcplace of birth” - 6 mc
““Place of previous residence” - 7 mc, however, there is no time reference Place of previous residence” - 7 mc, however, there is no time reference
““reasons for migration” – 5 mc on education, work, and family reasons for migration” – 5 mc on education, work, and family reunification reunification
““refugees” & ”asylum seekers”- 1 mcrefugees” & ”asylum seekers”- 1 mc
““duration of residence” – long term migrants >12 monthsduration of residence” – long term migrants >12 months
** Lebanon = 0** Lebanon = 0
ESCWA Countries Citizenship Place of BirthPlace of
residence abroad
Previous place of residence
Bahrain(2001) yes Will be included in next round
yes, for nationals
only
Egypt (2006) yes yes rural/urban, city, governorate,
administrative unit
Iraq (1997) yes yes Governorate/administrative unit or outside
Iraq
Jordan (2004) yesPlace of residence
of Mother at time of delivery
inside country (name of governorate) or
outside (name of country)
Kuwait (2005) yes
Oman (2003) yes
yes, for nationals
only
10 years or less, name of governorate, name of country
Palestine (1997) yesPlace of residence
of Mother at time of delivery
yesinside country (name of governorate) or
outside (name of country)
Saudi Arabia (2004)
yes yesyes, for
nationals only
inside country (name of governorate) or outside (name of country)
Syrian (2004) yes
inside country (name of governorate, rural/urban)
UAE (2005) Yes
Yemen (2004) yesyes yes
inside country (name of governorate) or outside (name of country)
Reason
ESCWA Countries
Other Refugee Deported AsylumFamily
reunification /formation
WorkEducation
and Training
Bahrain(2001)Companion/ Medical/ Tourism/
business/ Other reason/ (nationals)
yes yes yes
Egypt (2006) yes yes yes
Iraq (1997) yes yes yes yes
Jordan (2004)Companion/ Medical/ Tourism/
business/ Other specify
yes yes
Kuwait (2005)
Oman (2003)
Palestine (1997) companionregistered,
not registered
yes yes yes yes
Saudi Arabia (2004)
Syria (2004)
UAE (2005)
Yemen (2004)
ESCWA Countries
Duration of Stay
3 to 12 months More than Year Less than 1 year
(short) (long)
Bahrain (2001)
Since Birth yes
Egypt (2006)
Yes, in full years
Iraq (1997)
Since Birth yes
Jordan (2004)
Yes, in full years
Kuwait (2005)
Oman (2003) Yes, in full years
(nationals)
Palestine (1997)
Yes, in full years
Saudi Arabia (2004)
Yes, in full years
Syria (2004)
Yes, in full years
UAE (2005)
Yes, in full years
(non-nationals)
Yemen (2004)
Yes, in full years
Example of country xExample of country x International visitor: <6 monthsInternational visitor: <6 months International migrant: >6 monthsInternational migrant: >6 months Long-term migrant: who has permanent residenceLong-term migrant: who has permanent residence Short term migrant: <6 monthsShort term migrant: <6 months Permanent residence: who has changed his permanent Permanent residence: who has changed his permanent
residence, got another nationality or permanent residence, residence, got another nationality or permanent residence, or resided no less than 10 yearsor resided no less than 10 years
Usual place of residence: usual place of residence on a Usual place of residence: usual place of residence on a continuous basiscontinuous basis
Foreigner: person residing for any reason and non nationalForeigner: person residing for any reason and non national Category of migrants: Category of migrants:
• visitors (from country to abroad for less than 12 months)visitors (from country to abroad for less than 12 months)• migrants for settlementsmigrants for settlements• refugeesrefugees
ChallengesChallenges
Adoption of international standardsAdoption of international standards
definitions and concepts definitions and concepts categorization of types of migrants categorization of types of migrants
Dissemination of data on international migrants and in Dissemination of data on international migrants and in particular on flow of migrantsparticular on flow of migrants
Coordination and collaboration with different producersCoordination and collaboration with different producers
Exchange of dataExchange of data
Mandate /legislation Mandate /legislation
ESCWA PROPOSED FUTURE ACTIVITIES ESCWA PROPOSED FUTURE ACTIVITIES 2007-20092007-2009
Workshop on International Migration Statistics Workshop on International Migration Statistics and Data Exchange among the GCCand Data Exchange among the GCC
UNSD Questionnaire on International Migration UNSD Questionnaire on International Migration Statistics Statistics
Social Compendium on international migration Social Compendium on international migration statistics in the ESCWA regionstatistics in the ESCWA region
Project proposal for the Development of Project proposal for the Development of International Migration Statistics in the Region International Migration Statistics in the Region
Thank you..Thank you..