International Linear Collider - Outreach

7/28/2019 International Linear Collider - Outreach

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THE INTERNATIONAL LINEAR COLLIDER

From Design to Reality


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oreword:window to the terascale

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Barry C. Barish

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2 |


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Philip Burrows

University o Oxord

John Carwardine

Argonne National Laboratory

Marcel Demarteau

Argonne National Laboratory

Brian Foster

DESY and University o Hamburg

Keisuke Fujii

KEK

Michael Harrison

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Nicholas Walker

DESY

Kirk Yamamoto

KEK

Linear Collider Communicators:

Pan Qian, Perrine Royole-

Degieux, Rika Takahashi,

Barbara Warmbein

THE INTERNATIONAL LINEAR COLLIDER FROM DESIGN TO REALITYEDITORIAL COMMITTEE

T V 5 ILC Technical Design Report. I

TDR - . F ..

THE INTERNATIONAL LINEAR COLLIDER


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CONTENTS

3 oreword: Window to the Terascale

0 6 The science behind the new collider 7 T LHC H ?

8 W S M?

0 W H H ?

3 H ILC H ?

5 H S M ?

5 W ?

6 H ILC ILC?

6 W ? A ILC ?

7 W ?

9 T ILC

0 0 Technologies behind the new collider T ILC

S

3 D

R

M

6 P

7 F

8 I

03 30 The organisation without boundaries 3 T j

3 T j

3 T j

33 T j

3 T j

Graphic:f

ormone

4 |


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THE sCIENCE bEHIND

THE NEw COLLIDER01|


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ILC

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the lhc has discovered the higgs what does that mean?

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what is the standard model?

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THE sCIENCE bEHIND THE NEw COLLIDER


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Image: orm one

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Image: Rey.Hori



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Graphic: formone



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how ar can the standard model go?

I LHC S M,

S M

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H q. W

,

. T ILC

S M.

what are dark matter and dark energy?

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what is supersymmetry?and how can the ilc study it?

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HOw Is THE ILC

COmpLEmENTARy TO THE LHC?

The LHC and the ILC provide very dierent

conditions to produce and allow us to study

particles. High-energy interactions o protons

at the LHC proceed via the interactions o the

constituents o protons, the quarks and gluons;

the ILC will study collisions o electrons and

positrons. As electrons and positrons are

elementary particles and have no known internal

structure, linear-collider experiments are able

to study simpler, more elementary processes

without the complicated background present

at the LHC and hence achieve a higher level o

precision. The LHC is already operating, so it

gives us the chance to discover new particles

and to study properties o the known particles

today. The linear collider, with its higher level o

precision, will add qualitatively new knowledge.

It has the potential to reveal new details and

possibly particles that are invisible to the LHC

experiments.

u c t Hg

e W

d s b

Z

Quarks

Leptons

Force particles

Higgs

Image:CERN



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what are extra dimensions?

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LHC.

uctH g

eW

dsb

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Squarks

Sleptons

SUSY force particles

Higgsino

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the ilc shaping the utureo particle physics

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TECHNOLOgIEs bEHIND

THE NEw COLLIDER02|

Image: DESY/CEA


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the ilc travel guide:follow the particles on their trip through the

accelerator and discover ingenious technologies

along the way

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7,000

500 GV,

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H ? H

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0START

HERE

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E . A

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E

5 GV.

wHy Is THE LINEAR COLLIDER

LINEAR?

When an electric charge ollows a curved track,

it emits X-rays and loses energy. The higher its

energy, the more energy it loses. The energy loss

also depends on the mass o the particle and is

much more severe or electrons and positrons

than or the LHCs protons. The solution to reach

high energies is to eliminate the curves, hence to

build a linear collider.

wHAT Is A gEv?

An electronvolt, eV, is the basic unit o energy

or mass used in particle physics. It reers to the

amount o energy a single electron gains when

it is accelerated across an electric potential di-

erence o one volt. One eV is extremely small,

and units o a million electronvolts, MeV, or a

billion electronvolts, GeV, are more common.

The latest generation o energy-rontier particle

accelerators, such as the LHC, reaches up to

several trillion electronvolts, or TeV.

1SOURCE

e-

Image:DESY

TECHNOLOgIEs bEHIND THE NEw COLLIDER


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3RING TO MAIN LINAC &

BUNCH COMPRESSION

4MAIN LINAC



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7INTERACTION POINTAND DETECTORS



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HOw muCH wILL IT COsT?

For the Technical Design Report, the GDE has produced a valueestimate. Value estimates are a common orm o costing large

international projects that are usually constructed using mainly in-

kind contributions rom participating nations.

The value estimate or the construction o the ILC in the Technical

Design Report is 7.8 billion ILCU together with 23 million person

hours (approximately 13,000 person years) o additional labour

(ILCU stands or ILC value Unit. One ILCU is 1 US Dollar in January

2012. The relation o the ILCU to a currency other than the US

Dollar is determined by purchasing power parity indices published

by the Organization or Economic Co-operation and Development.).

This estimate is averaged over three regional sample sites and

represents the construction cost o a 500 GeV linear collider as

described in the cost chapter o the Technical Design Report.

The variance among the three regional site estimates is about 2%.

The value estimate has an uncertainty o 25%. A more accurate

estimate can be calculated when a host site is identifed and the

international project governance and in-kind contributions are

agreed upon.

wHAT Is supERCONDuCTIvITy

AND supERCONDuCTINg Rf?

Some metals become superconducting when they are cooled down to very

low temperatures, which means that they lose all electrical resistance and

can conduct electricity in an ultra-efcient way. Superconducting radio-

requency cavities are at the heart o the technology in the International

Linear Collider. The ILC will use a voltage generator to fll a hollow

structure called a cavity with an electromagnetic feld. Made out o

pure niobium, the cavities will be chilled to 2 Kelvin, near absolute zero

temperature, at which point niobium is a superconductor and the cavities

have almost no electrical resistance. Inside the cavities, the voltage o

the feld oscillates with a certain requency a radio requency. Charged

particles eel the orce o the electric feld and accelerate. String enough o

these cavities together, and you will have a particle accelerator.

wHAT ARE THE pOssIbLE sTAgEs

Of CONsTRuCTION?

The current design oresees an ILC with a maximum operatingenergy o 500 GeV centre-o-mass energy, i.e. 250 GeV per beam,

which could be raised to one TeV at a later stage by making the

linacs longer. The ILC could also be built as a so-called Higgs

actory: at hal the original design energy, requiring just hal o the

linacs, it could mass-produce and study the new particle ound at

the LHC in great detail. Such a scenario should be considered as a

frst phase o the larger machine.

Image:DESY

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the proect that goes beyondboundaries

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the proect that pushestechnology and other sciences

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Linacs (ERL), z . T ILC

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the proect that haseconomic impact as its home

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THE ORgANIsATION wITHOuT bOuNDARIEs


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brochurelayout:www.form-one.de

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ISBN 978-3-935702-79-9

Argonne National Laboratory: ANL-HEP-TR-13-20

Brookhaven National Laboratory: BNL-100603-2013-IR

CEA/irfu: IRFU-13-59

CERN: CERN-ATS-2013-037

Cockcroft Institute: Cockcroft-13-10

Cornell University: CLNS 13/2085

DESY: DESY 13-062

Fermilab: FERMILAB TM-2554

INFN: INFN-13-04/LNF

JAI: JAI-2013-001

JINR: JINR E9-2013-35

JLab: JLAB-R-2013-01

KEK: KEK Report 2013-1

KNU: KNU/CHEP-ILC-2013-1

LLNL: LLNL-TR-635539

SLAC: SLAC-R-1004

issued by

www.linearcollider.org

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