International Journals of Power Electronics Controllers and Converters vol 2 issue 1

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Power Electronics Controllers

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Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

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Linear regulator, Transformer/autotransformer, Voltage converter, Voltage regulator, Cycloconverter..

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Puneet Mehrotra

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1. Asymmetrical Source Configuration of Multilevel Inverter on Solar PV System – A Review Jeetu Khan, Piyush Jain, Vijay Bhuria 1

2. Analysis of THD in Voltage Source Inverter With Constant Current Controller for Solar PV Cell D. Elavarasan, S. Kaliappan 7

3. A STATCOM-Based Control Strategy for Power Quality Improvement in a Hybrid Nonautonomous Power SystemT. Seenivasagam, C.K. Aravind 15

4. Genetic Algorithm Approach for the Position Control of Permanent Magnetic Synchronous MachineGarimella Raghu Chandra, Garimella Atchyut 30

5. Grid Connected PV Power System With MPPTMohammad Yasir, Faraz Khan, Faraz Uddin Siddiqui 40

6. Artificial Neural Networks-Based Four-Leg Matrix Converter for Linear and Nonlinear LoadI. Shaba, V.R. Rajan 45

7. Fibonacci Series for Hybrid Symmetrical Multilevel Inverter Topology Using Different PWM StrategiesJeetu Khan, Vijay Bhuria, Praveen Bansal 54

Contents

IJPECC (2016) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal Power Electronics Controllers and Converters ISSN: 2456-1614 (online)

Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Asymmetrical Source Configuration of Multilevel Inverter on

Solar PV System – A Review

Jeetu Khan*, Piyush Jain, Vijay Bhuria

Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science

Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract Solar energy is the best clean alternative energy resource. During shading condition arrays

can be treated as an asymmetrical DC source for multilevel inverter, based on insulation

level, sets of PV panels are formed to act as DC source. During shading condition, based on

insulation level sets of PV panels are allocated to multilevel inverter to as asymmetric

source. With the growing research in multilevel inverter there are many topologies have been

conceptualized which are having advantage over the conventional inverters. By allocating as

asymmetric source the lesser source higher number of levels can be synthesized and the

MPPT complexity can be reduced. The review of this paper toward the comprehensive

analysis of conventional and novel cross connected source MLI topologies with reduced

count for asymmetric source configuration for Solar PV application, as all cross connected

source MLI cannot be implemented for asymmetric source configuration.

Keywords: multilevel inverter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), solar PV, total

harmonic distortion (THD)

INTRODUCTION

In India Government-funded solar

electricity was approximately 6.4 MW per

year as of 2005. India is ranked number

one in terms of solar electricity production

per watt installed, with an insulation of

1,700 to 1,900 kilowatt hours per kilowatt

peak (kWh/KW). 25.1 MW was added in

2010 and 468.3 MW in 2011.

As of 31 August 2015, the installed grid

connected solar power capacity is 4,229.36

MW and India expects to install an

additional 10,000 MW by 2017, and a total

of 100,000 MW by 2022. Currently, there

is urgent need and hence, a growing trend

toward using environmentally clean and

safe renewable power sources, such as

wind and solar-photovoltaic (Solar-PV),

which are heavily dependent on PE.

Solar energy is one of the clean energy

sources. Only 0.026% of available solar

energy is converted into electricity. During

shading condition solar PV arrays are

treated as a asymmetrical DC source for

multilevel inverter based on the insulation

level, PV panels formed to act as a DC

source. With the growing research in

multilevel inverter there are many

topologies have been conceptualized

which are having advantage over the

conventional inverters .Due to

asymmetrical source Configuration the

MMPT complexity can be reduced , also

number of source for multilevel reduced

for higher level configuration.[1-3]

SOLAR-PV

Solar energy is the most readily available

and free source of energy since prehistoric

IJPECC (2016) 7-14 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 7


Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Analysis of THD in Voltage Source Inverter With Constant

Current Controller for Solar PV Cell

D. Elavarasan*, S. Kaliappan Department of EEE, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract

A common method in the study of voltage source inverters is the hypothesis of a voltage-type

input source even in the case of renewable energy (RE). When a converter is supplied by an

RE, such as a photovoltaic (PV) generator, the dc-link voltage is usually controlled by the

converter with closed loop to extract maximum power from the source. The main aim of the

paper is to analyze the total harmonic distortion with current controller technique in three

level voltage source inverter and to reduce the harmonics by using filter to connect it to grid.

The use of perturb and observe MPPT will help to produce high output efficiency from solar

PV cell. The simulation results for total setup is given in the paper and the THD values are

calculated for voltage source inverter (VSI).

Keywords: MPPT tracker, perturb and observe algorithm, single ended primary inductance

converter (SEPIC), solar PV cell, voltage source inverter, total harmonic distortion

INTRODUCTION

The discovery of internal combustion

engine resulted in the use of petroleum

products(petrol, diesel and natural gas) to

fulfill our energy requirements. The fossil

fuels (coal, oil and gas) either used directly

or converted to electricity and transported

to be used in industries and homes. The

use of energy plays an important role in

one’s life. Since the use of energy has

become an integral part of our life, its

supply should be secure and

sustainable.[1,2]

At the same time, it should

be economical, environmentally friendly

and socially acceptable. The current trends

in energy consumption are either neither

secure nor sustainable. The raising

consumption of fossil fuels and associated

prices, together with increase in green-

house gas emission, threatens our secure

energy supply.[2]

Therefore, development

of clean, secure, sustainable and affordable

energy sources should be our priority in

this century.

Renewable energy (RE) or Non-

Conventional energy sources(NCES)

enables you to reduce the carbon dioxide

(CO2) that goes into the atmosphere

because of the energy we use like fossil

fuel, which is known as our carbon

footprint. Consuming renewable sources

like solar energy and wind energy, we also

reduce our necessity on fossil fuel gas and

oil reserves, which are becoming

expensive and hard to find.[3]

It also

reduces our dependence on imported fossil

fuels, improving our energy security.

Tracing the maximum power point (MPP)

of a photovoltaic (PV) array is a vital part

of a PV system. As such, many MPP

trackers (MPPT) have been developed and

implemented. The methods vary in

complexity, sensors required, cost,

convergence speed, popularity, range of



Vol. 2: Issue 1

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A STATCOM-Based Control Strategy for Power Quality

Improvement in a Hybrid Nonautonomous Power System

T. Seenivasagam, C.K. Aravind*

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V.V. College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, India

Abstract

Power generating from solar and wind systems are more reliable and they have many

advantages compare with conventional power generation systems. However, these solar and

wind power systems are unpredictable in nature and varying with atmospheric conditions.

When they operating alone they are poor power sources. Fortunately, these problems can be

overcome by integrating these power sources. However, when these hybrid systems are

interconnected to utility grid induce power quality problems. This paper deals about the

power quality issues in hybrid power systems due to reactive power and harmonics. In this

system a static compensating device is connected to the common coupling point to reduce the

power quality problems. The control strategy for the hybrid power system is simulated using

MATLAB/SIMULINK and it confirms the efficacy of the system.

Keywords: hybrid system, power quality, STATCOM, solar, wind

INTRODUCTION

onventional energy sources like coal, gas

and oil are depleting all over the world.

Moreover, these sources are considered to

be main reason for environment pollution.

So, the best solution to meet increasing

energy demand problem and also to

produce clean energy the power can be

produced from renewable energy sources

like wind, solar, hydro and tidal.[1-4]

Among various renewable energy sources

wind and solar systems are widely used.

Stand-alone renewable energy systems

with single source either photovoltaic (PV)

or wind generator is highly unreliable due

to its intermittent nature. So, hybrid

schemes combining PV and wind can be

employed. Moreover, hybrid systems with

PV and wind are considered to be highly

reliable due to the complementary nature

of the resources. Hybrid systems can be

used to supply the remote loads where

utility connection is not possible or it can

be connected to a utility grid. Suitable

power electronic interface should be

designed to integrate PV and wind

generators and to connect the hybrid

system to isolated load or to utility

network.

Power quality problems are induced in the

power grid systems when the distributed

generation systems are connected to it. It

reduces power system reliableness and

may induce over voltage, over current and

safety issues. Generally solar arrays power

convention is based on climate conditions.

It can create power interferences like

harmonics, frequency oscillation and

voltage fluctuations in the utility grid.[5,6]

In PV system, at low irradiation may result

to unpredictable distortion in the character

of the signal, overstepping the norms of

standard grid connection codes. The

inverters which are used in PV systems

may cause mal-operation because of

C



Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Genetic Algorithm Approach for the Position Control of

Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Machine

Garimella Raghu Chandra1*

, Garimella Atchyut2

1Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India

2Gouthami (Medical) Educational Institute, Ravulapalem, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motors (PMSM or Brushless DC Motor) are widely being

used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high torque and low

volume. Research has conducted using genetic algorithm to develop a complete model of the

BLDC motor and to design an optimal controller for its position control. Generally PID

controller is being used for control purposes in many systems because of its simple structure

and easy implementation. However, in practice, we often do not get the optimum performance

with the conventionally tuned PID controllers. For this purpose, Artificial Intelligence based

Genetic Algorithm is proposed as an optimizer to find the optimized PID gains for the

position control of PMSM motor. Comparison was made with the traditional method.

Simulation results showed that PID control tuned by GA provides more efficient closed loop

response for position control of PMSM motor. MATLAB/SIMULINK software package was

used for the modelling, control and simulation of the PMSM motor.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, optimized PID controller, permanent magnet synchronous

motor, pulse width modulation

INTRODUCTION

BLDC engines are exceptionally

mainstream in territories which require

elite due to their littler volume, high

compel, and straightforward framework

structure. By and by, the configuration of

the BLDCM drive includes a mind

boggling process, for example, displaying,

control plan choice, reenactment and

parameters tuning and so on.

A specialist learning of the framework is

required for tuning the controller

parameters of servo framework to get the

ideal execution. As of late, different

present day control arrangements are

proposed for the ideal control outline of

BLDC motor.[1,2]

However, these strategies

are mind boggling in nature and require

over the top calculation. Interestingly, PID

control gives a straightforward but then

powerful answer for some control

problems.[3]

In spite of the fact that PID controllers

have a straightforward structure however it

is very testing to discover the enhanced

PID picks up. The proceeding with

execution changes of computational

frameworks have made Genetic Algorithm

(GA) suitable for finding worldwide ideal

answer for control framework, for

example, the hunt of optimal PID

controller parameters.[4,5]

In this paper, extensive modeling of a

BLDC motor and GA-based PID scheme

is proposed for its position control. The

paper is organized in the following manner

mathematical modeling, the driving



Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Grid Connected PV Power System With MPPT

Mohammad Yasir1*

, Faraz Khan2, Faraz Uddin Siddiqui

2

1Electrical Engineering, Azad Institute of Engg. & Tech., Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

2Electrical Engineering, Integral University Campus, Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

This work presents the basic idea of a practical three phase grid-connected PV power

systems having some faults. This modeling also takes an effective effort to track the maximum

power by using power electronics considering a practical case study under fault.The basic

introduction and idea of the basics of grid connected power system are also proposed.

Maximum power point operation.Simulation results arepresented to validate the proposed

model for grid-connected photovoltaic power systems. The simulation results and theoretical

analysis indicate that the proposed model improves the efficiency of the system& reduces the

complex operation of it.Additionally, the proposed. Maximum Power Point Tracking scheme

provides robustness and faster convergence under environmental variations.

Keywords: maximum power point tracking, photovoltaic

INTRODUCTION

Historically the first grid-connected Photo-

Voltaic (PV) plants were introduced in the

1980andnow a day’s grid-connected

systems are growingfast with the use of

Photo-Voltaic technology. All

thesesystems use an inverter to transform

the DC electricity from the PV arrayinto

AC. Grid-connected inverterstotally differ

from stand-alone inverters.

An MPPT is usually incorporated withthis.

Normally, electricity can flow either out of

the building fromexcess on-site PV power

generation, or into the building with

inadequate PVgeneration. Both the

exported and the imported energy can be

metered. (Figure 1)

Each PV module is a nonlinear system so

that its output power isinfluenced by solar

irradiation and weather conditions. In

order to match the nonlinear output of PV

modules with the load for all atmospheric

conditions, a maximum power point

tracking(MPPT) technique is usually

implemented and applied to a grid-

connected system to find and track the

maximum power point of the PV panel.

The MPPT algorithm is appliedto the

power conversion stage for adjustment of

the system operating point.Therefore, each

grid-connected PV system has to perform

two essential functions:[1-4]

To extract maximum power output

from PV arrays

To inject an almost harmonic free

sinusoidal current into the grid.

Currently, grid-connected power

converters are based on modern power

semiconductor devices operating in

switched mode, but we simulate it for most

basic concept in which thyristors are used.



Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Artificial Neural Networks-Based Four-Leg Matrix Converter for

Linear and Nonlinear Load

I. Shaba*, V.R. Rajan

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V. V. College of Engineering, Tisayanvilai, Tamil Nadu,

India

Abstract

The 4-leg matrix converter, which it is capable of providing a 3-phase plus neutral supply

from a standard balanced 3-phase source. Tralatitious 3x3 matrix converters deliver

bounded use in this application as they are only capable of supplying a poised three-phase

payload. It would be suitable to be able to power unbalanced and nonlinear loads, requiring

that the converter provides a neutral connection .This goal can be achieved by extending the

number of output legs in the matrix converter to four .The fourth leg of MC is required in

order to provide an electrical path for the circulation of the zero -sequence current in the

load. The space vector modulation technique is use to provide a switching pattern for matrix

converter using ANN. The SVM technique is an extension method, which is currently used in

3x3 matrix converters, and then it accords the dissociated restraint of both the input and

output .The matrix converter is a nonlinear controller because it uses nonlinear components.

ANN controller is an approach to overcome the waveform quality problem. A simulation in

the MATLAB / SIMULINK platform has validated the proposed idea.

Keywords: artificial neural networks, matrix converter, space vector pulse width modulation,

total harmonic distortion

INTRODUCTION Recent years have witnessed an increase in

demand for low cost, small size and highly

efficient converters. Matrix converters are

best suited for such applications.

These AC–AC converters are capable of

converting an AC input of fixed amplitude

and frequency to an AC of variable

amplitude and frequency without

converting it to DC as in inverters. Matrix

converters have various appealing features

like compact circuit, sinusoidal currents

and bidirectional energy flow.

These guarantee higher efficiency, longer

lifespan and fewer input harmonics than

inverters.[1]

Four-leg MCs, featuring a neutral

connection as shown in Figure 1, can be

used to produce a balanced output voltage

even under highly unbalanced or nonlinear

load conditions. Twelve bidirectional

switches are used in the converter, each

one compiled by two IGBTs and two

diodes. In general the switching of the

IGBTs in each bidirectional switch is

governed using the 4-step commutation

method to avert the momentary

disconnection of the inductive load

connected at the matrix converter output.[2]

A second order LC filter is involved to

reduce the aberration in the load voltage.

The space vector modulation (SVM)

technique is used to provide the triggering

IJPED (2016) 54–60 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 54


Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Fibonacci Series for Hybrid Symmetrical Multilevel Inverter

Topology Using Different PWM Strategies

Jeetu Khan*, Vijay Bhuria, Praveen Bansal Department of Electrical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, India

Abstract

Multilevel inverters are suggested to obtain high superiority output voltage. In this paper, a

new hybrid configuration is proposed, obtained by cascading one four switches H-bridge cell

with a family of multilevel inverters. In addition, by the use of specific sequence for value of

DC sources named Fibonacci series, new topology of proposed inverter is introduced. Main

advantages are that planned inverter has least Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) than other

conventional multilevel converters in both symmetric and asymmetric modes. Also, this

topology doubles the number of output levels using only one cascaded four switches H-bridge

cell. This paper proposes a 7-level Fibonacci series for new hybrid symmetrical multilevel

inverter. This proposed multilevel inverter topology here is implemented in single-phase with

different pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, which requires less number of

components, less carrier signals and gate drive circuit as compared to conventional

multilevel inverters. A multicarrier PWM technique is used for multilevel inverter topology to

generate 7-level output voltage. Finally simulation results of a 7-level multi-level inverter

topology are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink R2010a software version.

Keywords: multi-level inverter (MLI); Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques; Peak

Inverse Voltage (PIV) and Fibonacci series

INTRODUCTION

High-power industrial applications of

converters have been revolutionized in the

recent decades by the advent of multilevel

converters.[1]

Lately, multilevel converters

have presented an important development

to reach higher power with increasing

voltage levels.[2]

Also many multilevel

inverter configurations and pulse width

modulation (PWM) techniques are

presented to improve the output voltage

harmonic spectrum.[3–5]

Multilevel inverters can be considered as

voltage synthesizers, where in the output

voltage is synthesized from many discrete

smaller voltage levels. Compared with the

traditional two-level voltage inverter, the

main advantages of the multilevel inverters

are having smaller output voltage step,

lower harmonic components, better

electromagnetic compatibility and lower

switching losses.[2,6–9]

They can also

operate at both fundamental switching

frequency and higher switching

frequencies in accord with the

implementations.[9]

But, the main drawbacks of the multilevel

inverters are the use of larger number of

semiconductors switches and every switch

requires a separate gate driver circuit

therefore increasing the complexity and

size of the overall circuit. From among

voltage source multilevel converters,

cascaded and modular multilevel

International Journal of

Power Electronics Controllers

& Converters

JAN – JUNE 2016IJPECC

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