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Research Article CODEN: IJPRNK ISSN: 2277-8713 Sunit Mitra, IJPRBS, 2015; Volume 4(1): 55-74 IJPRBS

Available Online at www.ijprbs.com 55

EXOTIC FLORA OF KULIK BIRD SANCTUARY – WEST BENGAL, INDIA SUNIT MITRA

Department of Botany, Ranaghat College, Ranaghat, Nadia – 741201.

Accepted Date: 28/12/2014; Published Date: 27/02/2015

Abstract: Exotic plants are the plants grown out side of their normal habitat. In the biological

Convensin (1992) it has been considered that “Biological invasion of the alien species as the

second worst threats after the habitat destruction”. So, biological invasions may be considered

as a form of the biological pollution. Kulik” bird Sanctuary was declared in the year 1985, as a

Wild Life Sanctuary. This bird sanctuary contains 92 exotic species of which 58 species are

American, 9 - African and Australian respectively elements, 7 – species are Sinu – Japanese

elemen, and only 2 – species are Asian in origin.

Keywords: Exotic flora. Kulik Bird Sanctuary, West Bengal

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INTRODUCTION

“Kulik” bird Sanctuary or alternately known as the Raiganj bird Sanctuary is situated 4 km North

from the center of the Raiganj town, the district head quarter of Uttar Dinajpur district. The

geographical boundary of the Sanctuary is 25º 39′ N to 25 º 40′ N latitude and 88º 7′ E to 88º 8′

E longitude. Sanctuary is covering an area of 1.30sq. km, of which 0.14 km is the core area and

remaining 1.16 sq. km is the buffer zone. ‘Kulik’ river flows around the part of the sanctuary

and acts as a natural boundary in its eastern and south eastern part, the national highway NH –

34 provided the western boundary of the sanctuary.

This sanctuary was declare in the year 1985, as a Wild Life Sanctuary but its development

begins in 1970, by the Department of Forests, Govt. of West Bengal, as a part of the Social

Forestry Programme. Forest department has planted a number of trees in this area specially

those tree species Suitable for the growth in the tropical dry deciduous forest region.

As the part of the development programme many water bodies have been created in this area.

The river Kulik and these water bodies attracts various migratory birds in this area like the Open

Bill Stock, Night Heron, Cormorant, Little Cormorant, Egrets, etc. from South East Asian

Countries and from the coastal areas. In totality about 70,000 to 80,000 birds species belong to

164 species are gathered here every year (Mitra, 2003).

Climatic condition of the Sanctuary is Sub-tropical. During the summer the temperature

reaches up to 42º C and it observed a very cool winter with an minimum temperature of 6º C.

This area received an average annual rain fall of 550mm (Mitra, l.c.).

This Sanctuary, in the Year 2011 has been declared as the Nature Interpretation Center.

Exotic species are those, which are found to grow, outside of their normal native habitat. If any

exotic species found to grow outside their natural adapted ranges and acquired dispersal

potential, those are regarded as the Exotic Alien Species. According to the IUCN when an alien

species, which become established in new natural or semi natural ecosystem or habitat and

create threats to native biological diversity are regarded as the Alien Invasive Species.

Convention for Biological Diversity 1992 visualize “Biological invasion of the alien species as the

second worst threats after the habitat destruction”. So, biological invasions may be considered

as a form of biological pollution.

Invasive species causes loss of the biodiversity including species extinction, changes of the

hydrology & pedology and the ecosystems function. Besides these, many alien invasive species

supports our farming, agriculture and forestry system in bulk.



Thus the exotic alien species are consider now a days as a serious hindrance for conservation

and sustainable use of the Biodiversity in one hand and by the other hand it become a tools for

the development.

Biological invasion now-a-days operated on global level and it will undergoes rapid increase due

to increasing globalization of the markets, rise in global trade, travel and tourism.

Naturalization of an exotic species has been recognized as the first phase of the biological

invasion. According to Richardson (2000) a naturalized species is an introduced nonnative

exotic alien species that can consistently reproduce and sustain population over many

generations without direct intervention by humans. After successful local establishment, some

naturalized species disperse and produce viable offspring in the areas distinct from their site of

introduction; such naturalized species are called as the Invasive alien species.

Therefore, it is very important to make an effective implication management of invasive

species, knowledge about their diversity, life forms habitat, etc. In Kulik bird sanctuary of Uttar

Dinajpur district, about 80,000 birds are reach every year and these birds are can be regarded

as the place of plant introduction (Mitra, l.c.).

On the basis of the above mentioned points the present work has been undertaken to study the

exotic species of “Kulik” bird sanctuary.

LITERATURE SURVEY:

Voight (1845) was the first botanist who had made an attempt to enlisted the exotic plants of

the Shibpore and Serampore Botanical garden in his famous enumeration “Hortus Suburban

Calcuttensis”. Then Bruhl (1908) studied the exotic plants of the then Bengal province, in

conformity by the work of the Prain (1903a, 1903b, 1905), Van Rheede (1678 - 1703), Roxburgh

(1814, 1820, 1824), J. D. Hooker (1872 - 1897), Biswas (1934a, 1934b), etc.

After independence a lot of change took place in the geographical and political boundary of the

then Bengal province. In this newly born state West Bengal several work on the exotic plants of

the state have been carried out by different workers like – Clushaw (1950), Datta (1954),

Chakravarty (1957), Pal & Bhattacharya (1959), Chatterjee (1960), Datta & Maiti (1962),

Mahapatra et al.(1965), Bennet (1965, 1966), Banerjee & Pal (1970), Maiti & Hore (1978), Basak

(1979), Maiti & Guha Bakshi (1981), etc. Besides these Bennet (1974), Sanyal (1994), Guha

Bakshi (1984), studied the flora of different districts like Howrah, Bankura and Murshidabad

respectively. Bhattacharya (1997) in the introductory essay of the flora of West Bengal (Vol. - I)

give a precise note on the exotic flora of West Bengal. Recently Mitra & Mukherjee (2012)

published the entire floristic composition of the district West Dinajpur including the present

Uttar & Dakshin Dinajpur, but still there is not a single publication which deals with the exotic



flora of the district, so, this present work has been taken into account to enumerate the exotic

plants of this sanctuary.

MATERIAL & METHODS:

This present study is entirely based on the field exploration as well as on the basis of the

perusal of the literature. In this present enumeration all the exotic species are arranged

alphabetically in the table below with their family, habit & habitat, phonological data, nativity,

time of introduction in the country as well as in the state, mode of introduction, and present

status.

In this present list some plants are marked with the asterisk (*) to indicate that these plants are

not dealt within the Floristic account of the district by Mitra & Mukherjee (2012).

RESULT & DISCUSSION:-

From the enumeration (Table - I) it has been clearly understood that this sanctuary harbor a

handsome amount of the exotic flora.

Table- I. Diversity of the exotic aqngiospermic taxa of Kulik Bird Sanctuary

There are 92 species of exotic plants belongs to 73 genera under 37 families. Of these 37

families 33 belongs to the class Magnoliopsida and 4 belongs to the class Liliopsida, (Table – II).

From the above table – I, it becomes clear to us that on the basis of the number of genera and

species Asteraceae and Poaceae occupied the first and second position respectively. List of the

5 – dominant familes based on the numbers of genera and soecies are given in the table – II

below.

Sl.

No.

Class Family Genera Species

1 Magnoliopsida 33 62 79

2 Liliopsida 04 11 13



Table – II. Statistical Analysis of Dominant families based on Numbers of Genera & Species of

exotic angiospermic taxa of Kulik Bird Sanctuary.

Sl.

No.

Name of the dominant

Family based on the

numbers of Genera.

Genus

Numbers

Sl.

No.

Name of the dominant families

based on the numbers of

species.

Species

numbers

1 Asteraceae 13 1 Asteraceae 13

2 Poaceae 08 2 Poaceae 09

3 Caesalpiniaceae 05 3 Caesalpiniaceae 08

4a Amaranthaceae 04 4a Amaranthaceae 07

4b Euphorbiaceae 04 4b Euphorbiaceae 07

4c Mimosaceae 04 5 Mimosaceae 06

5 Rubiaceae 03

Out of this 92 species of exotic plants 58 species are herbaceous (63%), 9 – species are shrub

(9.78%), 19 – species are tree (20.65%), and 6 – species are climbers (6.52%), a graphical

representation of the different habit of the collected taxa are given in the figure – II.

Fig.: - I. Habitat diversity of studied taxa in Kulik Bird Sanctuary.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Herb Climbers Shrub Tree

1 2 3 4

Numbers

1 Herb

2 Climbers

3 Shrub

4 Tree



Regarding the nativity of the exotic floristic elements recorded from this sanctuary it has been

observed that the new world elements belong to the country North America, South America,

Mexico, Tropical America, and West Indies etc. are top of the list consists of 58 species (63%)

out of the total collected 92 species of the exotic species followed by the African Element which

are 9 (9.78%), Malayan Element (Including the SriLanka, Malaya & Australia) – 9 (9.78%), Sinu –

Japanese element (including the Chinese, Japanese and Mayanmer element) – 7 (7.60%), and

European element - 7 (7.60%), a detailed conspectus of the nativity of the exotic elements is

given in the figure – II below.

Fig.:- II. Diversity of the native country of exotic species.

It is very interesting to note that, out of the 92 species 56 species (60.86%) are introduced

unintentionally as weed, 30 species (32.61%) as Ornamental plants and 6 species (6.52%) as the

food plants.



Fig.:- III. Mode of species introduction.

Table: - I. LIST OF EXOTIC PLANTS OF KULIK BIRD SANCTUARY

Sl.

No

.

Scientific

Name of the

Plant

Family Specimen

Examined

Habit &

Habitat

Phenolog

y

Native

country

Time of

introduction in

India / State

Mode of

introduction

Remark

s on

Present

status

1 Acacia

nilotica

Willd.

Mimosac

eae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2483;

10.6.1997.

Terristrial,Tre

e

Apr. –

Oct.

African

element

Before 11th

century A.D.

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

2 Acacia

auriculiform

is A. Cunn

ex Benth.

Mimosac

eae

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 3121;

15.8. 99

Terristrial,Tre

e

Througho

ut the

year

Australian Between 1903

and 1929

(Duthe)

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

cultivat

ion

3 Acacia

farnesiana

(L.) Willd.

Mimosac

eae

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra –3154;

25.8. 99.

Terristria,

Tree

Througho

ut the

year

South

American

Before 1820.

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

cultivat

ion

4 Ageratum

haustonian

um Miller

Asteracea

e

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 3113;

15.8. 99.

Terristrial,An

nual herb

Througho

ut the

year

Central

American

After 1845,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

a

weed.

5 Alternanthe

ra ficoidea

(L.) R. Br. ex

On the lawn

of the Rest

House; Mitra

– 3255; 25. 8.

Marsh Land,

Herb

Througho

ut the

year

Brazil,

South

American

Raizada

reported it

from India in

1939, and

Unintention

ally as weed

Natural

ized as

an

obnoxi

Numbers of species

As Weed

As Ornamental Plants

As Food Plants



R. Br. 99. Maheshwari

(1964)

reported it

from West

Bengal state

first.

ous

Weed.

6 Alternanthe

ra

philoxeroid

es (Mart.)

Grieb.

Amaranth

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5083;

10.11.09.

Marsh Land,

Herb

Sept. –

Jan.

Tropical

American

Sometimes

after 1908

Unintention

ally as weed

Natural

ized as

an

obnoxi

ous

Weed.

7 Alternanthe

ra sessilis

(Linn.) DC.

Amaranth

aceae

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 3124;

25.8. 99.

Marsh Land,

Herb

Througho

ut the

year

Tropical

American

Not Known Unintentionally as weed

Natural

ized as

an

obnoxi

ous

Weed.

8 *Alternanth

era tenella

I. Colla

Amaranth

aceae

On the bank

of River Kulik;

Mitra – 5057;

5. 4. 2009.

Marsh Land,

Herb

Througho

ut the

year

Tropical

American


Natural

ized as

an

obnoxi

ous

Weed.

9 Amaranthus

spinosus L.

Amaranth

aceae

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 3021;

25.8. 99.

Marsh Land,

Herb

Througho

ut the

year

Tropical

American


Natural

ized as

an

obnoxi

ous

Weed.

10 Annona

reticulata L.

Annonace

ae

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 3115;

15.8. 99.

Terristrial,

Tree

May –

Dec.

Tropical American

Probably in

1811, (Sharma

& Pandey,

1984).

Fruit plant Natural

ized as

a fruit

plants

11 Annona

squamosa L.

Annonace

ae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2434;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

Tree

May –

Jan.

Tropical American

During 16th

Century,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

Fruit plant Natural

ized as

a fruit

plants

12 Antigonon

leptopus

Hook. &Arn.

Polygonac

eae

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 3024;

25.8. 99.

Perennial,

climbing Herb

Througho

ut the

year

South

American

Probably after

1897, (Sharma

& Pandey,

1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

13 Argemone

mexicana L.

Papavera

ceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2431;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

annual herb.

Feb. –

Jul.

Central

American

17th Century,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

Unintention

ally as weed

Natural

ized

14 Asparagus

racemosus

Asparaga Besides birds

watch tower;

Perennial, Sept. – Sri Lanka Before 1794,

(Sharma &

As an

ornamental

Natural



Willd ceae Mitra – 3094;

25.8. 99.

climbing Herb Dec. Pandey, 1984). plant ized

15 Bahunia

purpurea L.

Caesalpini

aceae

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 3154;

25.8. 99.

Terristrial,

Tree

Jan. – Jul. West

Indies

Before 18th

Century,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

cultivat

ion

16 Bidens

pilosa L.

Asteracea

e

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2433;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

annual herb.

Jun. –

Dec.

Tropical

American

After 1845,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

Unintentionally as weed

Natural

ized as

an

obnoxi

ous

Weed.

17 Blumea

lacera

(Burm. f)

DC.

Asteracea

e

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2453;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

annual herb.

Nov. –

Apr.

Tropical

American

Probably after

18th Century,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).


Natural

ized as

an

obnoxi

ous

weed.

18 Boerhavia

erecta L.

Nyctagina

ceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5063;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

annual herb.

Througho

ut the

year

South

American

Saha &

Krishnamurthy

(1962)

reported it

from

Pondechery;

from the state

it was reported

by Maiti &

Guha Bakshi

(1975) from

Howrah.


Natural

ized as

an

obnoxi

ous

weed.

19 Bracheria

mutica

(Forssk.)

Stapf

Poaceae On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5064;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

annual herb.

Oct. –

Jan.

Africa Not precisely

Known.


Natural

ized as

a

weed.

20 Calotropis

gigantea

(L.) R. Br.

Asclepiad

aceae

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 1054;

25.8. 07.

Terristrial,

Perennial

Shrub.

Feb. –

Jul.

Africa A long date

back, (Sharma

& Pandey,

1984).

As an ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

21 Callistemon

citrinus

(Curt.) Staf.

Myrtacea

e

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 1050;

25.8. 99.

Terristrial,

Tree

Jan. –

May

Australia Not precisely

Known,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

Cultivat

ion.

22 Cassia alata

L.

Caesalpini

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5081;

Terristrial,

Perennial

Jul. –

Nov.

West

Indies

Before 18th

Century, Bruhl

(1908)

As an ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and



10.11.09. Shrub. mentioned its

present in the

then Bengal.

also in

Cultivat

ion.

23 Cassia

obtusifolia

L.

Caesalpini

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2439;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

annual herb.

Througho

ut the

year

Tropical

American

Not precisely

Known, but

before 17th

Century.

As an ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

Cultivat

ion.

24 Cassia

occidentalis

L.

Caesalpini

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5053;

10.11.09.

Terristrial

perennial

herb

Apr. –

Aug.

Myanmar Before 1814,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

Cultivat

ion.

25 Cassia tora

L.

Caesalpini

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5052;

10.11.09.

Terristrial

perennial

herb

Througho

ut the

year

Myanmar Early period of

17th

Century(Sharm

a & Pandey,

1984).

As an ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

Cultivat

ion.

26 Casuarina

equisitifolia

Forst.

Casuarina

ceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2441;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

Tree

Apr. –

Dec.

Australia Before 1798,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

Cultivat

ion.

27 Celosia argentia L.

Amaranth

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5041;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

annual herb.

Oct. –

Apr.

Tropical

American

Before 1800,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

Cultivat

ion.

28 Chenopodiu

m

ambrosoide

s L.

Chenopod

iaceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5032;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

annual herb.

Jan. –

Dec.

Central

American

Not precisely

Known.


Natural

ized as

a

weed.

29 *Chloris

barbeta

Sweet.

Poaceae On the bank

of River Kulik;

Mitra – 3847;

5. 4. 2009.

Terristrial,

annual herb.

Througho

ut the

year

Tropical

American

Before 1769,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).


Natural

ized as

a

weed.

30 Chrozophor

a rottleri

(Geis.)

Spreng

Euphorbi

aceae

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 3114;

25.8. 99.

Terristrial,

annual herb.

Througho

ut the

year

Tropical

American

Before 1700

A.D., (Sharma

& Pandey,

1984).


Natural

ized as

a

weed.

31 Cissampelos

pariera L.

Menisper

maceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2456;

Perennial,

climbing Herb

Jul. - May South

American

Probably 17th

Century,

(Sharma &


Natural

ized as

a



10.6.1997 Pandey, 1984). weed.

32 Cleome

gynandra L.

Cleomace

ae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4311;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Jul – Dec. Tropical

American

Not mentioned

clearly


Natural

ized as

weed.

33 Cleome

rutidosperm

a DC

Cleomace

ae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4326;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Mar. –

Dec.

South

American

1969, by

Mukherjee


Natural

ized as

weed.

34 Croton

bonplandia

num Ballion

Euphorbi

aceae

On the lawn

of the Rest

House; Mitra

– 3219; 25. 8.

99.

Terristrial,

perennial

herb.

Througho

ut the

year

South

American

Before 1900,

(Bruhl, 1904)


Natural

ized as

weed.

35 Cuscuta

chinensis

Lam.

Cuscutace

ae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4312;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual,

parasitic

climbing herb.

May –

Jul.

Mediterra

nian

Region

Before 20th

century(Sharm

a & Pandey,

1984).


Natural

ized as

weed.

36 Cuscuta

reflexa

Roxb.

Cuscutace

ae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4383;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial

anuual,

parasitic

climbing herb.

Sept. –

Jan.

Mediterra

nian

Region

Not known

precisely


Natural

ized as

weed.

37 Cynodon

dactylon (L.)

Pers.

Poaceae On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2462;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Througho

ut the

year

Tropical

American

From very early

time, (Sharma

& Pandey,

1984).


Natural

ized as

weed.

38 Cyperus iria

L.

Cyperace

ae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4342;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual marsh

land herb.

Jul. –

Nov.

Tropical

American

Not known

precisely.


Naturalized as weed.

39 Cyperus

rotundus L.

Cyperace

ae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4362;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual marsh

land herb.

Jul. –

Nov.

Eurasia Not known

precisely.



40 Datura

metel L.

Solanacea

e

Beside the

Beat Office

Kulik Bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4354,

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

Perennial

Shrub.

Througho

ut the

year

Tropical

American

Before 1820,

(Roxburgh,

1832)



41 Delonix

regia (Hook.

f) Raffin.

Caesalpini

aceae

On the lawn

of the Rest

House; Mitra

– 3215; 25. 8.

99.

Terristrial,

Perennial

Tree.

Apr. –

Jun.

South

American

Probably in

1840

(Maheshwari &

Pal, l.c.)

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

cultivat

ion.



42 Dentella

repens (L.) J

R.& G. Forst

Rubiacea

e

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2463;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Jul. –

Feb.

Western

Australia

In 1968

(Subramanyam

& Sharma,

1931)



43 Echinochloa

colona (L.)

Link.

Poaceae Beside the

Beat Office

Kulik Bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4353,

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Mar. –

Jun.

Tropical

South

American

Not known

precisely.



44 Echinochloa

crusgalli

(L.) P.

Beauv.

Poaceae Kulik bird Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4327; 11. 02. 06.

Terristrial, anuual herb.

Mar. – Jun.

Tropical South

American

Not known precisely.



45 Eclipta

prostrata L.

Asteracea

e

On the lawn

of the Rest

House; Mitra

– 3213; 25. 8.

99.

Terristrial,

anuual, marsh

land herb.

Jul. –

Apr.

South

American

Before 1814,

(Roxburgh,

1820)



46 Eleutherant

hera

ruderalis

(Sw.) Sch.

Rip

Asteracea

e

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 881;

10.08.2000.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Jul. –

Dec.

South

American

Bennet (1966)

Reported it

from Howrah



47 Emilia

sonchifolia

(L.) DC.

Asteracea

e

Beside the

Beat Office

Kulik Bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4353,

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Jul. –

Dec.

Tropical

American

Before 19th

Century,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).



48 Eragrostis

tenella ( L.)

Beauv. Ex

Roem &

Schultz.

Poaceae On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5077;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Jul. –

Dec.

Africa Before 19th

Century,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).



49 Eucalyptus

tereticornis

Smith

Myrtacea

e

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4328;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

Tree

Apr. –

Jul.

Australia Recently in 20th

century A. D.

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized

and

also in

cultivat

ion.

50 Euphorbia

hirta L.

Euphorbi

aceae

On the lawn

of the Rest

House; Mitra

– 3226; 25. 8.

99.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Througho

ut the

year

Tropical

American

Before 1832,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).



51 Euphorbia

thymifolia

Euphorbi On the bank

of kulik river;

Terristrial, Througho

ut the

Tropical Before 1820,

(Sharma &





L. aceae Mitra – 2456;

10.6.1997

anuual herb. year American Pandey, 1984).

52 Evolvulus

nummulariu

s (L.) L.

Convolvul

aceae

Beside the

Beat Office

Kulik Bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4326,

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual

creeping

herb.

Oct. –

Feb.

Tropical

American

Not precisely

known.



53 Fumeria

indica

(Hassk.)

Pugsley

Fumariac

eae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4314;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

perennial

herb.

Nov. –

Mar.

North

temperate

region

Not precisely

known.



54 Gomphrena

celosioides

Mart.

Amaranth

aceae

On the lawn

of the Rest

House; Mitra

– 3237; 25. 8.

99.

Terristrial,

perennial

herb.

Througho

ut the

year

South

American

Datta &

Majumdar

(1966) first

reported from

West Bengal

State.



55 Gnaphalium

purpureum

L.

Asteracea

e

Besides birds

watch tower;

Mitra – 1024;

25.8. 99.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Jul. –

Mar.

American Before 1903,

though Prain

does not

mentioned it in

Bengal Plants

(1903)



56 Heliotropiu

m indicum

L.

Boraginac

eae

On the lawn

of the Rest

House; Mitra

– 3241; 25. 8.

99.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Mar. –

Nov.

South

American

Before 1500 A.

D. (Srivastava,

1964)



57 Imperata

cylindrica

(L.)

Raensch.

Poaceae Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4317;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Nov. –

Jun.

Tropical

American

Not precisely

known.



58 Ipomoea

fistulosa

Mart. ex

Choisy

Convolvul

aceae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4323;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual, marsh

land herb.

Througho

ut the

year

South

American

Before 1921,

due to mis

identification it

comes to know

during the year

1976.

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

weed.

59 Ipomoea nil

(L.) Roth.

Convolvul

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5050;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

anuual, stem

climbing herb.

Aug. –

Dec.

South

American

Before 8th

Century A. D. ,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

well as

in

cultivat

ion.

60 Ipomoea

pes-tigridis

Convolvul

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2461;

Terristrial,

anuual,

creeping

Jul. –

Dec.

Tropical

East Africa

In the early

part of the 18th



L. 10.6.1997 herb. century.

61 Ipomoea

quamoclit L.

Convolvul

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5046;

10.11.09.

Terristria,l

anuual,

trailing herb.

Aug. –

Dec.

Tropical

American

About 1796,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

weed.

62 Jatropha

carcus L.

Euphorbi

aceae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4318;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

Perennial

Shrub.

Mar. –

Aug.

South

American

Before 1820,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

weed.

63 Jatropha

gossypifolia

L.

Euphorbi

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2488;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

Perennial

Shrub.

Mar. –

Aug.

Brazil Not clearly

known.

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

weed.

64 Jatropha

integerrima

Jacq.

Euphorbi

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5045;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

Perennial

Shrub.

Througho

ut the

year

South

American

Not clearly

known.

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

weed.

65 Justicia

gendarussa

Burn.

Acanthac

eae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4349;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

Perennial

Shrub.

Feb. –

May

China Very early

dates, (Sharma

& Pandey,

1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

Weed

as well

as

hedge

plants.

66 Lantana

Camara L.

Verbenac

eae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5034;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

Perennial

Shrub.

Througho

ut the

year

Central

American

Probably

before 1814,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

Weed

as well

as

hedge

plants.

67 Melia

azedarach

L.

Meliacea

e

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2422;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

Tree

May –

Dec.

Native of

Iran

In very early

time.

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

well as

in

plantat

ion.

68 Mikania

micrantha

H.B. K.

Asteracea

e

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2423;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

anuual, stem

climbing herb.

Jun. –

Nov.

Africa In very early

dates.


Naturalized as

an obnoxi

ous weed.

69 Morus alba

L.

Moraceae Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4316;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

Perennial

Shrub.

Jul. –

Nov.

China During 1795,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

well as

in

plantat

ion.



70 Nicotiana

plumbaginif

olia Viv.

Solanacea

e

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4329;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Mar. –

Sept.

Tropical

American

Sometimes in

between 1824

to 1845,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).


Naturalized as

an obnoxi

ous weed.

71 Oxalis

corniculata

Linn.

Oxalidaca

e

On the lawn

of the Rest

House; Mitra

– 3235; 25. 8.

99.

Terristrial,

anuual,

trailing herb

Througho

ut the

year

Southern

Europe

and North

American

Before 1810,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).


Naturalized as

an obnoxi

ous weed.

72 Panicum

repens L.

Poaceae On the lawn

of the Rest

House; Mitra

– 3236; 25. 8.

99.

Terristrial,

anuual herb

Apr. –

Feb.

China Not clearly

known.



73 Parthenium

hysterophor

us L.

Asteracea

e

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4330;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

perennial

herb.

Througho

ut the

year

Central &

North

American

Sometimes in

1810(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

Unintentionally as weed mixed with the wheat

grain.

Naturalized as

an obnoxi

ous weed.

74 Passiflora

foetida L.

Passiflora

ceae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4339;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual

trailing herb.

Apr. –

Feb.

Africa Before 1845,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

Unintentionally as weed.


75 Peltophoru

m

pterocarpu

m Backer ex

Heyne

Caesalpini

aceae

Beside the

Beat Office

Kulik Bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4383,

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

Tree

Apr. –

Aug.

Sri Lanka

& Malaya

Not Known

precisely

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

well as

in

plantat

ion.

76 Peparomia

pellucida

(L.) Humb.

Piperacea

e

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4343;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual shade

loving herb.

Aug. –

Nov.

Central

American

In 19th century

probably after

1845(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).



77 Phoenix

sylvestris

Roxb.

Araceae Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4345;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

Tree

Mar. –

Jun.

West Asia In very early

dates, (Sharma

& Pandey,

1984).

As fruit

plants

Natural

ized as

well as

in

cultivat

ion.

78 Physalis

angulate L.

Solanacea

e

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2424;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

anuual, shade

loving herb.

Aug. –

Dec.

Central

American

Not precisely

known

As food

plants

Natural

ized as

well as

in

cultivat

ion.

79 Pilea

microphylla

Urticacea

e

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4323;

Terristrial,

anuual, shade

Aug. –

Dec.

South

American

Before

1860(Sharma &





(L.) Lieb. 11. 02. 06. loving herb. Pandey, 1984).

80 Pithecellobi

um dulce L.

Mimosac

eae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 2414;

10.6.1997

Terristrial,

Tree

Mar. –

Sept.

Central &

South

American

Before

1795(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).

As an

ornamental

plant

Natural

ized as

well as

in

plantat

ion.

81 Portulaca

oleracea

Linn.

portulaca

ceae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4332;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual,

trailing herb.

Througho

ut the

year

North

Africa &

Europe

Before

1845(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).



82 Prosopis

juliflora

(Sw.) DC.

Mimosac

eae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5013;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

Tree

May –

Nov.

Central &

South

American

Before 1877

(Raizada &

Chatterjee,

1954).

An

ornamental

plants

Natural

ized as

well as

in

plantat

ion.

83 Samanea

saman

Merr.

Mimosac

eae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5033;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

Tree

Apr. –

Nov.

Central

American

Not known

precisely

An

ornamental

plants

Natural

ized as

well as

in

plantat

ion.

84 *Sonchus

asper (L.)

Hill

Asteracea

e

On the bank

of River Kulik;

Mitra – 3855;

5. 4. 2009.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Througho

ut the

year

Europe Not known

precisely



85 Sporobolus

diander

(Retz.) P.

Beauv

Poaceae Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4339;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Througho

ut the

year

Australia Not known

precisely



86 Stellaria

media (L.)

Vill.

Caryophyl

laceae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4358;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual shade

loving herb

Througho

ut the

year

Europe Not known

precisely



87 Tamarindus

indica L.

Caesalpini

aceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5051;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

Tree

Jul. –

Nov.

Tropical

Africa

In a very early

date.

As fruit

plants

Natural

ized as

well as

in

plantat

ion

88 Terminalia

catappa L.

Combreta

ceae

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5093;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

Tree

Mar. –

Nov.

Malayasia Not known

precisely

An

ornamental

plants

Natural

ized as

well as

in

plantat

ion.



89 Tridax

procumbens

L.

Asteracea

e

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4336;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Througho

ut the

year

South

American

1830 or before

that, (Sharma

& Pandey,

1984).



90 Xanthium

strumarium

L.

Asteracea

e

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5061;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Dec. –

May

South

American

In a very early

date.



91 Youngia

japonica (L.)

DC.

Asteracea

e

On the bank

of kulik river;

Mitra – 5063;

10.11.09.

Terristrial,

anuual herb.

Sept. –

Mar.

China Date back to

17th Century,

(Sharma &

Pandey, 1984).



92 Ziziphus

mauritiana

Lamk.

Rhamnac

eae

Kulik bird

Sanctuary;

Mitra – 4333;

11. 02. 06.

Terristrial,

Shrub.

Oct. –

Mar.

China A long date

back, (Sharma

& Pandey,

1984).

As Food

plants

Natural

ized as

well as

in

plantat

ion.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

Senior author, deeply indebted to the Teacher in Charge, Ranaghat College, for providing

necessary help and opertunity to carriedout the field trips in the santuary. Authors are thankful

to the UGC and to the DFO, Raiganj for proving kind permission to work in the Sanctuary.

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Panoremic View of Kulik river at Kulik Bird Sanctuary.

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