International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K....
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![Page 1: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict
Andrea K. SchneiderProfessor of Law
Marquette University Law [email protected]
![Page 2: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Regimes/Factors
Direct Effect
Standing for Private Actors
Supremacy Transparency Enforcement
Negotiation No No None Optional Negotiation
Investment Arbitration
Yes Yes Only as to that award
Generally Likely
International Adjudication
No No Supreme,but not integrated into domestic law
Yes Varying—None (NAFTA) to Retaliation (WTO)
Supranational Court
Yes Yes, Directly and indirectly
Supreme and Integrated
Yes Fines & Damages; Domestic Remedies Also
International Systems
![Page 3: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Investment Arbitration
Supranational Court
Negotiation Regime
International Adjudication
Continuum of Constitutionalization
Weakest Strongest
International Systems
--Schneider, 1999
![Page 4: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Dispute Resolution Process Spectrum
DirectNegotiation
Trial
CompleteOutcomeControl
MaximumProcessControl
NoOutcomeControl
MinimumProcessControl
FacilitativeMediation
EvaluativeMediation
Early NeutralEvaluation (ENE)
Mini-Trial
Med-Arb
BracketedArbitration
Final OfferArbitration
Arbitration
Private Judging
Mediative (Non-Binding)ADR Processes
Adjudicative (Binding)ADR Processes
Bordone, 2008
![Page 5: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Procedural Justice
• Explains why international system moved toward courts
• Explains why domestic alternative dispute resolution took hold
![Page 6: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dispute System Design Contexts
Bordone, 2008
Organizational
International institutionsNation-StatesCompaniesUniversitiesGovernment AgenciesNGOsNon-profits
“Transactional”
Mass TortsClass ActionsComplex disputesNatural disastersTerrorismRepatriationOthers?
![Page 7: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Process Design Principles
• Participation
• Suitability
• Process Accountability
• Results Accountability
• Fluidity
• Sustainability
• Permeability
![Page 8: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Process Design—Participation
• Key stakeholders around the table
• Stakeholders help design and troubleshoot
• Funding and support
• Technical & legal training
![Page 9: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Process Design—Suitability
• Is mediation the correct process?
• Use of legal defenses
• Political/domestic constraints
• Cultural understanding
![Page 10: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Process Design—Process Accountability
• Need education & representation
• Need group of skilled mediators
• Transparency of process
• Follow-up to see how operates
![Page 11: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Process Design—Results Accountability
• Outcomes—transparency issues
• Repeat players—countries & municipalities
• Repeat sectors
![Page 12: International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict Andrea K. Schneider Professor of Law Marquette University Law School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f275503460f94c3e954/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Process Design—Fluidity• Timing—settlement opportunities
throughout
• Adjust process and administration as needed
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Process Design—Sustainability
• Embedded into treaty?
• New kinds of training and assumptions needed
• New delegation of settlement responsibilities needed
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Process Design—Permeability
• Part of dispute prevention and management system (Ombuds offices?)
• Facilitate information exchange
• Facilitate administrative review
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Where Do We Go From Here?
• Need—and want—shadow of investment arbitration
• Better structure time between problem arising and arbitration result
• Can offer process choices between binding arbitration & negotiation
• DSD is up to the challenge
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International Investment and ADR: Preventing and Managing Investment Treaty Conflict
Andrea K. SchneiderProfessor of Law
Marquette University Law [email protected]