International higher education: the changing landscape - Simon Marginson
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Transcript of International higher education: the changing landscape - Simon Marginson
International Higher EducationThe changing landscape
Simon MarginsonInstitute of Education
20 March 20141 Victoria Street Conference Centre
London SW1H 0ET
Leiden University ranking top 12largest number of journal papers in 2008-2011
Gross Tertiary Enrolment Ratio 1995/2010UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Investment in R&D, 2011: Top ten nationsUSD $s billion, OECD data 2013, GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Journal papers per year, 1995-2011 Total world output
US National Science Foundation data
Journal papers 2001 and 2011
51 countries with 1000 journal papers p.a.US National Science Foundation data for 2011
ANGLO-SPHERE
EUROPE EU NATIONS
EUROPENON-EU
ASIA LATIN AMERICA
Australia Austria Italy Croatia* China Argentina
Canada Belgium Netherlands Norway India Brazil
N. Zealand Czech Rep. Poland Russia Japan Chile*
UK Denmark Portugal* Serbia* Malaysia* Mexico
USA Finland Romania* Switzerland Pakistan* M.EAST /AF
France Slovakia Turkey Singapore Egypt
Germany Slovenia* Ukraine South Korea Iran*
Greece Sweden Taiwan Israel
Hungary Spain Thailand* Saudi Arab.*
Ireland Sweden Sth. Africa
Tunisia*
*countries that reached the annual level of 1000 journal papers after 1997 (12 out of 51)
Some slow growing research systems: journal papers per year, 1997-2011
Source: US National Science Foundation data, 2014
Some high quality European systems: journal papers per year, 1997-2011
Source: US National Science Foundation data, 2014
Citations per paper 2001-2011 (%)Thomson Reuters, for 1 January 2001 to 31 August 2011
Fast growing Post-Confucian systemsjournal papers per year, 1997-2011
Source: US National Science Foundation data, 2014
Some other fast growing systems: journal papers per year, 1997-2011
Source: US National Science Foundation data, 2014
Top ten school systems OECD PISA 2012 (mean student scores, Post –Confucian education systems in yellow)
Students enrolled outside their country of citizenship, millions, 1975-2011
OECD data, 2013
Asian middle class 2009-2030 (millions)Source of extrapolation: European Union Institute for Strategic Studies
A middle class person is defined as someone living on USD $10-100 per day PPP
R&D as a proportion of GDP, 2010Selected countries, OECD data for 2013
Three kinds of state/ higher education
Gross National Income per head 2011World Bank, CIA Fact Book for Taiwan data only
Country/system Population(millions)
GNI PPP per year(USD $s)
Singapore 5.2 59,380Macau SAR (GNI 2010) 0.6 56,950Hong Kong SAR 7.1 52,350Taiwan (GNI 2010, pop 2012) 23.2 35,700Japan 127.8 35,330South Korea 49.8 30,370China (mainland only) 1344.1 8390United States 311.6 48,820
Top ten school systems OECD PISA 2012 (mean student scores, Post –Confucian education systems in yellow)
Reading Mathematics Science
Shanghai China 570 Shanghai China 613 Shanghai China 580
Hong Kong SAR 545 Singapore 573 Hong Kong SAR 555
Singapore 542 Hong Kong SAR 561 Singapore 551
Japan 538 Taiwan 560 Japan 547
South Korea 536 South Korea 554 Finland 545
Finland 524 Macao SAR 538 Estonia 541
Taiwan 523 Japan 536 South Korea 538
Canada 523 Liechtenstein 535 Vietnam 528
Ireland 523 Switzerland 531 Poland 526
Poland 518 Netherlands 523 Liechtenstein 525
Vietnam 508 Vietnam 511 Canada 525
UKA 499 UK 494 UK 514
USA 498 USA 481 USA 497
Gross Tertiary Enrolment Ratio, 2011Post-Confucian systems
UNESCO Institute for Statistics & Taiwan Ministry of Education
Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities top 200, 2013
Shanghai ARWU top 500 universities Chinese systems, 2005 & 2013
High citation rate Asia-Pacific universities
4.3 million foreign tertiary students, 2011: world market shares (OECD data)