International Diabetes Federation (IDF)

East Mediterranean and Middle East Region (EMME)

Workshop

on Professional Educational

Methodology in Diabetes

11-12 August 2008Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt

2

Professional Technology Standards in Educational

Development

by

Prof. Morsi Arab

3

Introduction

The Education Triangle

Objectives

Evaluation Strategy

( Test ) ( Methods of teaching )

Teaching and Education

* an art or science? * an inborn natural talent, or science with rules to be learned and skills to

be acquired.?

What is the teacher/educator’s role:

* to” transfer “knowledge?* to facilitate active learning? e.g. - ask Qs and discuss. - encourage self learning. - give ideas. - advise free reading .

Who Educates in Diabetes? - a “ health care” member (with good background in DM and adequate training ). - team approach (to avoid contradictions), with “ patient-oriented” objectives. - have experience in education technology (objectives , strategy & evaluation). - not biased. - no show business educators (circus, parties, ,etc..).

What is active learning:( in strategy) - A standard lecture if only talking= hearning(1) - Add: black board +charts &pictures=seeing(2) - Active learning = acting (3), e.g. by: * answer Q , discuss. * take notes. * explain to others * do action using the information. * exercise (e.g. collect data, play role,solve problem ..etc)

Reliability & Validity ( in Evaluation) * A reliable test yields a stable reading from repeated measurements ( to establish reliability : test-retest) * Validity : when the instrument used for the measuring (test) is the proper one for

the test.

The Feed Back( FB)

* Why ? To inform about achievement * How ? by tests to measure outcomes (knowledge-skills-attitudes). * To be of real value the FB should: 1- motivate 2- indicate a level (grade) of achievement (e.g. good, very good, bad ..etc) 3- identify mistakes (what was wrong?) 4- guide to correct (knowledge , action ,

etc.) , for improving.

Setting the Education to the Community Needs ( Community Analysis for objectives )* Define the needs of the community for certain jobs.* Establish job description ; define the tasks needed to be done during each job.* Then , set the objectives to be achieved to enable these tasks to be performed : ( including: knowledge, skills & attitudes)* Design the curriculum to deliver a course, with time table and plan of action (strategy).

* Design evaluation.

Task-oriented education

- Education specific for preparing candidates for a particular job to meet the particular need for the community.

Task AnalysisDefinitions: study of the specific task to identify how it could be perfectly done . * Each task requires ( set objectives) (i) Specific knowledge (ii) Specific skills - psychomotor skills - skills of communication - skills of cognition (iii) Specific attitudes.Important : avoid the too much knowledge not required for performance of the task.

Example of task selection needed for the job of “Podologist “ 1- Examine feet: color , temperature , pulse , etc2- Diagnose problems : dryness, ischaemia, neuropathy , ulcer, gangarene..etc.3- Manage : e.g. dressing ulcers, cut nail, debridment & Doppler …etc.4- Educate patients

Task analysis is required for : 1- Defining the contents of the course. 2- Defining the methods of teaching the course. 3- Defining the tests to evaluate. achievement of the objectives.

Task analysis: requirements for Podologist(

KnowledgeSkills

)viz how to learn(

Attitudes

)viz how to learn(

-Anatomy

-Factors foot vuln.

-Mechanics of

walking

-Circulation

-Pain sensation…etc

-Cutting nails :

technique ,

instruments.

- Debridment..etc

-Show respect

-Accuracy

-Showing care &

sympathy…etc.