International Cuisines IHM Notes

7/23/2019 International Cuisines IHM Notes

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In{asnf{ionfb Dqitinat

Jsaf{ Csi{fin (Csi{ith Dqitina)

Hit{osyFb{hoqjh {ha Csi{ith A`}isa oddq}iak onda f vqfs{as ol {ha zosbkt bfnk" hfk f vqfs{as ol {ha jbocat

}o}qbf{ion" fnk it sat}onticba los {ha inkqt{sifb sa|obq{ion" i{t dqitina hft caan katdsicak ft f ti`}ba

fnk a|an |asy }oos. Hoza|as òt{ ol {hata do`àn{t hf|a òsa {o ko zi{h {ha t{asao{y}a ol Csi{ith

look ft coib àf{ fnk |aja{fcbat. [hit it no{ Csi{ith look" fnk na|as hft caan&

[ha dbi`f{a fnk {ha lfd{ {hf{ i{ it fn itbfnk fllad{ak {ha dqitina. Lso` {ha zfs` dbi`f{a ol {ha toq{h" {o

{ha doobas nos{h. Jobkan zhaf{ liabkt" fnk {ha lf{ dozt ol Eastay Anjbfnk }sokqdat fònjt{ {ha linat{

}sokqda f|fibfcba fnyzhasa in {ha zosbk. Kqsinj {ha Csi{ith A`}isa asf" injsakian{t fnk dooginj

donda}{t zasa csoqjh{ lso` {ha Aqso}afn doqn{siat zi{h zhidh Csi{fin in{asfd{ak" ft zabb ft lso` ft lfs

fliabk ft [ha Fàsidft" Inkif fnk Ftif fnk zasa indos}osf{ak zikaby in{o Csi{ith look.

[ha Csi{fin tfz {ha cajinninjt ol Zosbk Dqitina ft za gnoz i{ {okfy. Zhiba Atdollias" it dontikasak cy

`fny {ha #Lf{has ol òkasn Dqitina# i{ it bfsjaby losjo{{an {hf{ ha t}an{ f bfsja }fs{ ol hit zosginj bila

zosginj in Anjbith gi{dhant. Fnk {hf{ `fny ol hit cat{ saà`casak sadi}at zasa dsaf{ak f{ {ha Tf|oy

fnk Si{u ho{abt in Bonkon.

Zhiba i{ it fbto {sqa {hf{ Zosbk Dqitina bfsjaby }fttak Csi{fin los kadfkat fl{as {ha Tadonk Zosbk Zfs

kqa bfsjaby {o {ha haf|y sf{ioninj t{ibb in }bfda zabb fl{as {ha zfs ankak (in lfd{ i{ linfbby linithak

fb{oja{has ft bf{a ft 691;). Csi{ith Dhalt fnk look {fgan {ha zosbk cy t{os` o|as {ha }ft{ laz yafst.

Sajionfb Dqitinat ol Jsaf{ Csi{finCsi{ith Dqitina it csofkby csogan in{o ; Sajiont (Anjbith" Tdo{ith" Zabth fnk Nos{hasn Isith) 5-

F) Anjbith Dqitina - Anjbith dqitina it thf}ak cy {ha doqn{sy*t {a`}asf{a dbi`f{a" i{t jaojsf}hy" fnk i{t

hit{osy. [ha bf{{as indbqkat in{asfd{iont zi{h o{has Aqso}afn doqn{siat" fnk {ha i`}os{inj ol injsakian{t

fnk ikaft lso` }bfdat tqdh ft Nos{h Fàsidf" Dhinf" fnk Inkif kqsinj {ha {ià ol {ha Csi{ith A`}isa fnk

ft f satqb{ ol }ot{-zfs i`ìjsf{ion.

Tinda {ha Afsby @okasn ]asiok {ha look ol Anjbfnk hft hit{osidfbby caan dhfsfd{asitak cy i{t ti`}bidi{y ol

f}}sofdh fnk f sabifnda on {ha hijh vqfbi{y ol nf{qsfb }sokqda. [hit" in no t`fbb }fs{ inlbqandak cy

Anjbfnk*t ]qsi{fn hasi{fja" satqb{ak in f {sfki{ionfb dqitina zhidh {ankak {o |aas lso` t{sonj lbf|oqst"tqdh ft jfsbid" fnk fn f|oikfnda ol do`}bax tfqdat zhidh zasa do`ònby fttodif{ak zi{h Df{hobid

Don{inan{fb }obi{idfb fllibif{iont.

[sfki{ionfb àfbt hf|a fndian{ osijint" tqdh ft csafk fnk dhaata" soft{ak fnk t{azak àf{t" àf{ fnk

jfà }iat" coibak |aja{fcbat fnk cso{ht" fnk lsathzf{as fnk tfb{zf{as lith. [ha 6;{h dan{qsy Anjbith

doogcoog" {ha Losà ol Dqsy" don{fint sadi}at los {hata" fnk kf{at lso` {ha soyfb doqs{ ol Sidhfsk II.


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O{has àfbt" tqdh ft lith fnk dhi}t" zhidh zasa onda qscfn t{saa{ look af{an lso` nazt}f}as zi{h tfb{

fnk `fb{ |inajfs" fnk }iat fnk tfqtfjat zi{h `fthak }o{f{oat" oniont" fnk jsf|y" fsa noz `f{dhak in

}o}qbfsi{y cy dqssiat lso` Inkif fnk Cfnjbfkath" fnk t{is-lsiat cftak on Dhinata fnk [hfi dooginj.

Lsandh dqitina fnk I{fbifn dqitina fsa fbto noz zikaby fkf}{ak. Csi{fin zft fbto vqidg {o fko}{ {ha

inno|f{ion ol lft{ look lso` {ha Qni{ak T{f{at" fnk don{inqat {o fctosc dqbinfsy ikaft lso` fbb o|as {ha

zosbk zhiba f{ {ha tfà {ià sakitdo|asinj i{t soo{t in tqt{finfcba sqsfb fjsidqb{qsa.

[sfki{ionfb look ol Anjbith Dqitina

[ha Tqnkfy soft{

[ha Tqnkfy soft{ zft onda {ha òt{ do`òn laf{qsa ol Anjbith dooginj. [ha Tqnkfy kinnas

{sfki{ionfbby indbqkat soft{ }o{f{oat (os coibak os `fthak }o{f{oat) fddo`}fnyinj f soft{ak eoin{ ol

àf{ tqdh ft soft{ caal" bf`c" }osg" os f soft{ dhidgan fnk fttos{ak o{has |aja{fcbat" {ha`tab|at

janasfbby coibak fnk tas|ak zi{h f jsf|y. Tfqdat fsa dhotan ka}ankinj on {ha {y}a ol àf{5 hostasfkith

los caal" ìn{ tfqda los bf`c" f}}ba tfqda los }osg" fnk csafk tfqda los dhidgan. Yosgthisa }qkkinj

nos`fbby fddo`}fniat caal (fb{hoqjh i{ zft osijinfbby tas|ak list{ ft f #libbas#)" tfja fnk onion t{qllinj

}osg" fnk qtqfbby }fstbay t{qllinj dhidgan7 jsf|y it noz ol{an tas|ak ft fn fddo`}fniàn{ {o {ha `fin

doqsta. [ha }sfd{ida ol tas|inj f soft{ kinnas on f Tqnkfy it sabf{ak {o {ha abfcosf{a }sa}fsf{ion

savqisak" fnk {o {ha hoqtazila*t }sfd{ida ol }aslosìnj {ha zaagby zfth on f @onkfy" zhan {ha dobk

sa`fint ol {ha soft{ `fka fn aftiby-ftta`cbak àfb. Tqnkfy zft onda {ha onby sat{ kfy fl{as f tix-kfy

zosginj zaag7 i{ zft fbto f kaònt{sf{ion {hf{ {ha hoqtahobk zft }sot}asoqt anoqjh {o fllosk {ha

dot{ ol f ca{{as {hfn nos`fb àfb. Fn abfcosf{a |astion ol soft{ kinnas it {sfki{ionfbby af{an f{

Dhsit{`ft" zi{h fbòt{ a|asy ka{fib sijikby t}adiliak cy {sfki{ion. Tinda i{t zikat}safk f|fibfcibi{y fl{as

Zosbk Zfs II {ha òt{ }o}qbfs Dhsit{`ft soft{ it {qsgay" tq}astakinj {ha joota ol Kidgant*t {ià.

Calosa {ha }asiok ol dhaf} {qsgayt" soft{ dhidgan zoqbk ca òsa do`òn {hfn joota" joota cainj

qntqi{fcba los t`fbb jsoq}t ol kinast. Jfà àf{t tqdh ft |aniton zhidh zasa {sfki{ionfbby {ha ko`finol hijhas dbfttat fsa oddftionfbby fbto af{an cy {hota zithinj {o ax}asiàn{ zi{h f zikas dhoida ol

lookt" kqa {o {hais }soò{ion cy dabacsi{y dhalt" fb{hoqjh i{ it no{ qtqfbby af{an lsavqan{by in {ha

f|asfja hoqtahobk.

Fl{asnoon {af

I{ it cabia|ak cy toà {hf{ {ha Anjbith #kso} a|asy{hinj# los f {af{ià àfb in {ha ìk-fl{asnoon. [hit it

no bonjas {ha dfta in {ha zosg}bfda" fnk it sfsas in {ha hoà {hfn i{ onda zft. F los`fb {af{ià àfb it

noz ol{an fn fddo`}fniàn{ {o {oqsit`" }fs{idqbfsby in Ka|on fnk naijhcoqsinj doqn{iat" zhasa

doàt{icbat `fy indbqka tdonat zi{h ef` fnk dbo{{ak dsaf` ({oja{has gnozn ft f dsaf` {af). [hasa fsa

fbto cq{{aslby dfgat" ti`}ba t`fbb t}onja dfgat zhidh dfn ca idak os af{an }bfin. Nf{ionzika" fttos{ak

citdqi{t fnk tfnkzidhat fsa af{an. Janasfbby" hoza|as" {ha {af{ià àfb hft caan sa}bfdak cy tnfdginj"

os ti`}by kit}antak zi{h.

[af i{tabl" qtqfbby tas|ak zi{h ìbg" it dontqàk {hsoqjhoq{ {ha kfy fnk it toà{iàt fbto ksqng zi{h

àfbt. In sadan{ yafst hascfb {aft fnk t}adifbi{y {aft hf|a fbto cadoà }o}qbfs. Dollaa it }ashf}t f

bi{{ba batt do`òn {hfn in don{inan{fb Aqso}a" cq{ it t{ibb ksqng cy `fny in co{h i{t int{fn{ fnk

}asdobf{ak los`t" ol{an zi{h ìbg (cq{ sfsaby zi{h dsaf`). I{fbifn dollaa }sa}fsf{iont tqdh ft at}satto


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fnk df}}qddino fnk òkasn Fàsidfn |fsifn{t tqdh ft {ha lsf}}qddino fsa indsaftinjby }o}qbfs" cq{

janasfbby }qsdhftak in sat{fqsfn{t os lso` t}adifbit{ dollaa tho}t sf{has {hfn `fka in {ha hoà. Zhi{a

tqjfs it ol{an fkkak {o inki|ikqfb dq}t ol {af" os csozn tqjfs {o dollaa" cq{ na|as {o {ha }o{.

Los `qdh ol {ha 3={h dan{qsy Csi{fin hfk f tyt{a` zhasa lsath ìbg zft kabi|asak {o {ha koost{a} in

saqtfcba jbftt co{{bat in {ha òsninjt" qtqfbby cy abad{sid |ahidbat dfbbak #ìbg lbof{t#" {hoqjh i{ hft nozcaan bfsjaby sa}bfdak cy tq}as`fsga{ tho}}inj.

Lith , Dhi} tho}t fnk o{has {fgafzfyt

Anjbfnk it in{asnf{ionfbby lfòqt los i{t lith fnk dhi}t fnk hft f bfsja nq`cas ol sat{fqsfn{t fnk {fga-

fzfy tho}t tabbinj {hit kith. I{ `fy ca {ha òt{ }o}qbfs fnk ikan{ilifcba Anjbith kith" hoza|as calosa

}o{f{oat zasa i`}os{ak lso` {ha Fàsidft {ha *dhi}t* zoqbk hf|a caan tad{iont ol soft{ak soo{

|aja{fcbat taftonak zi{h hasct" fnk tfb{y cq{{as. In toà sajiont lith fnk dhi}t zasa tas|ak zi{h f tika

oskas ol `qthy }aft zi{h tfb{ fnk |inajfs ft donkiàn{t. Lookt tqdh ft tdf`}i (f kaa} lsiak csafkak

taflook kith) fsa qtqfbby on ollas ft zabb ft lithdfgat (fq{han{idfbby f lith tbida ca{zaan {zo }o{f{o

tbidat) fnk f nq`cas ol o{has do`cinf{iont.

[ha fk|an{ ol {fga-fzfy lookt kqsinj {ha Inkqt{sifb Sa|obq{ion bak {o lookt tqdh ft lith fnk dhi}t"

`qthy }aft" fnk t{afg fnk giknay }ia zi{h `fthak }o{f{o (}ia fnk `fth). [hata zasa {ha t{f}bat ol {ha

QG {fga-fzfy cqtinatt" fnk inkaak ol Anjbith kia{t" hoza|as" biga `fny nf{ionfb kithat" vqfbi{y dfn |fsy

ksft{idfbby lso` {ha do`àsdifb os `ftt }sokqdak }sokqd{ {o fn fq{han{id os hoà`fka |fsia{y qtinj

òsa dfsalqbby dhotan injsakian{t.

Hoza|as" a{hnid inlbqandat" }fs{idqbfsby {hota ol Inkifn fnk Dhinata" hf|a ji|an sita {o {ha

at{fcbithàn{ fnk f|fibfcibi{y ol a{hnid {fga-fzfy lookt.W4P Lso` {ha 698=t onzfskt" f naz |fsifn{ on

dqssy" {ha cfb{i" cajfn {o cadoà }o}qbfs in {ha Zat{ @ikbfnkt" fnk cy {ha ìk 699=t zftdo`òn}bfda in Inkifn sat{fqsfn{t fnk sat{fqsfn{t o|as {ha doqn{sy. Gacfc hoqtat" }iuuf sat{fqsfn{t

fnk Fàsidfn-t{yba lsiak dhidgan sat{fqsfn{t fiìnj f{ bf{a nijh{ tnfdginj hf|a fbto cadoà }o}qbfs in

qscfn fsaft. Lqtiont tqdh ft dhi}t zi{h dqssy tfqda" dhi}t zi{h gacfc àf{ fnk to on fsa fbto loqnk.

Tfqtfjat

Anjbith tfqtfjat" dobbovqifbby gnozn ft #cfnjast#" fsa kit{ind{i|a in {hf{ {hay fsa qtqfbby `fka lso`

lsath àf{t fnk sfsaby tògak" ksiak" os t{sonjby lbf|oqsak. Lobbozinj {ha }ot{ Zosbk Zfs II }asiok"

tfqtfjat {ankak {o don{fin boz-vqfbi{y àf{" lf{" fnk sqtg. (Sa}q{akby {ha {as` #cfnjas# kasi|ak lso`

{ha axdatti|a zf{as fkkak {o {ha ìx {qsninj {o t{af` zhiba dooginj fnk cqst{inj {ha dftinj zi{h f

cfnj.) Hoza|as" {hasa hft caan f cfdgbfth in sadan{ yafst" zi{h òt{ cq{dhast fnk tq}as`fsga{t noz

tabbinj }saìq` |fsia{iat.

]osg fnk caal fsa cy lfs {ha òt{ do`òn cftat" fb{hoqjh joqsà{ |fsia{iat `fy don{fin |aniton" zibk

cofs" a{d. [hasa fsa }fs{idqbfsby lfòqt sajionfb |fsia{iat" tqdh ft {ha hascfb Bindobnthisa" fnk {ha bonj"

dqsbak Dq`casbfnk zi{h `fny cq{dhast ollasinj {hais ozn inki|ikqfb sadi}at fnk |fsif{iont ol{an

hfnkak kozn {hsoqjh janasf{iont" cq{ fsa janasfbby no{ `fka lso` dqsak àf{t tqdh ft I{fbifn

tabad{iont os f|fibfcba in tqdh f |fsia{y ft loqnk in Jas`fny.


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@ot{ bfsjas tq}as`fsga{t in Anjbfnk zibb t{odg f{ baft{ f kouan {y}at ol Anjbith tfqtfja5 no{ onby

Dq`casbfnk fnk Bindobnthisa cq{ ol{an |fsia{iat tqdh ft ]osg fnk F}}ba7 ]osg fnk Hasc7 Caal fnk

T{ib{on7 ]osg fnk @ouufsabbf7 fnk o{hast. [hasa fsa at{i`f{ak {o ca fsoqnk ;== tfqtfja |fsia{iat in {ha

Qni{ak Ginjko`.

Tfqtfjat los` {ha cftit ol {ofk in {ha hoba" zhasa {hay fsa do`cinak zi{h f cf{{as tiìbfs {o fYosgthisa }qkkinj fnk cfgak in {ha o|an" {hit dfn ca tas|ak zi{h fn onion jsf|y `fka cy lsyinj tbidak

oniont los fnyzhasa o|as fn hoqs on f boz haf{ {han ìxak zi{h f t{odg" zina os fba {han sakqdak {o

los` f tfqda os jsf|y qtak in cfnjast fnk `fth.

Cbfdg }qkkinjt fnk zhi{a }qkkinjt

F |fsifn{ ol {ha tfqtfja it {ha cbfdg }qkkinj" t{sonjby fttodif{ak zi{h Bfndfthisa tiìbfs {o {ha Lsandh

coqkin nois os {ha T}fnith @osdibbf. I{ it `fka lso` }ij*t cbook" in bina zi{h {ha fkfja {hf{ #yoq dfn af{

a|asy }fs{ ol f }ij axda}{ i{t tvqafb#. ]ij*t {so{{ast" {si}a fnk csfzn fsa fbto {sfki{ionfb lfsa in {ha

Nos{h. [hasa fsa fbto zhi{a }qkkinjt" tiìbfs cq{ bfdginj cbook.

]iat fnk }ft{iat[ha Anjbith {sfki{ion ol àf{ }iat kf{at cfdg {o {ha @ikkba Fjat" zhan fn o}an {o} }ia dsqt{ zft qtak

ft {ha don{finas los tas|inj {ha àf{ fnk zft dfbbak f dollyn. Tinda {han" {hay hf|a caan f `fint{fy ol

Anjbith dooginj. Killasan{ {y}at ol }ft{sy `fy ca qtak" indbqkinj {ha bfsk-sidh }ft{sy ol f sfitak }ia.

@af{ }iat janasfbby don{fin libbinjt tqdh ft dhidgan fnk `qthsoo` os t{afg fnk giknay (osijinfbby t{afg

fnk oyt{as).

]osg }iat fsa fbòt{ fbzfyt af{an dobk" zi{h {ha @ab{on @ozcsfy }osg }ia cainj {ha fsdha{y}a. O}an

}iat os lbfnt fsa janasfbby tas|ak los kattas{ zi{h libbinjt ol taftonfb lsqi{. Vqidhat fnk tf|oqsy lbfnt fsa

af{an" cq{ no{ dontikasak inkijanoqt. [ha Dosnith }ft{y it f gink ol t`fbb }ia osijinfbby qtak cy {ha {in

ìnast ol Dosnzfbb. [ha {hidg" {oqjh dsqt{ zft habk in {ha hfnk zhiba {ha dbafn }ft{sy do|asinj fnklibbinj zasa af{an7 {ha dsqt{ zoqbk hf|a {han caan kit}otak ol kqa {o {ha {sfntìttion ol kis{ lso` {ha

hfnk. ]ft{iat hf|a fbto caan taan kaa}-lsiak in @axido Di{y" hf|inj caan csoqjh{ o|as cy {ha Dosnith

ìnast i`}os{ak {o zosg in {ha @axidfn tib|as ìninj inkqt{sy.

Fno{has gink ol }ia it {o}}ak zi{h `fthak }o{f{o int{afk ol }ft{sylos int{fnda" tha}hask*t }ia" zi{h

bf`c" do{{fja }ia" zi{h caal" os lithas`fn*t }ia.

Dqsak àf{t fnk |aja{fcbat

Cfdon fnk gi}}ast - Nos{hasn Aqso}afn doqn{siat janasfbby hf|a f {sfki{ion ol tfb{inj" tòginj" }idgbinj

fnk o{haszita }satas|inj lookt. Gi}}ast" cbof{ast" hf`" fnk cfdon fsa toà ol {ha |fsia{iat ol

}satas|ak àf{ fnk lith gnozn in Anjbfnk. Oniont" dfccfja fnk toà o{has |aja{fcbat `fy ca }idgbak.Tògak dhaata it no{ do`òn os {sfki{ionfb" fb{hoqjh f}}ba-zook tògak dhakkfs hft cadoà

f|fibfcba in `fny tq}as`fsga{t.Wdi{f{ion naakakP @af{t o{has {hfn }osg fsa janasfbby no{ dqsak. [ha

#{hsaa csafglft{t f kfy# }sindi}ba dfn ca i`}baàn{ak cy af{inj cfdon tfnkzidhat f{ fny {ià. (In }fs{t

ol nos{hasn Anjbfnk {hata hf|a bodfb nfàt tqdh ft #cfdon tfsniat# os #cfdon cq{{iat#.)


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Tfnkzidhat - Anjbfnk dfn dbfi` {o hf|a ji|an {ha zosbk {ha zosk #tfnkzidh#" fb{hoqjh {ha a}onyòqt

Eohn @on{fjq" ;{h Afsb ol Tfnkzidh zft no{ {ha list{ {o fkk f libbinj {o csafk. Libbinjt tqdh ft }idgbak

sabithat fnk Jan{ba`fn*t Sabith doqbk fbto ca dontikasak kit{ind{i|aby Anjbith. Do`òn {y}at ol

tfnkzidh fsa hf`" dhaata" tfbfk fnk non-{sfki{ionfb los`t tqdh ft {ha #}boqjh`fn*t bqndh# (dhaata

fnk }idgba).

Kithat ol Inkifn osijin

Gakjasaa" f }o}qbfs csafglft{ kith in {ha \id{osifn asf.

In {ha \id{osifn asf" kqsinj {ha Csi{ith Sfe" Csi{fin list{ t{fs{ak cossozinj Inkifn kithat" dsaf{inj Fnjbo-

Inkifn dqitina. Gakjasaa fnk @qbbijf{fzny toq} fsa {sfki{ionfb Fnjbo-Inkifn kithat. [ha `fny |fsia{iat

ol Inkifn dqssy ol zhidh Dhidgan {iggf `ftfbf fnk cfb{i fsa cat{ gnozn fsa òsa sadan{. [ha zosk dqssy"

àfninj *{o t}ida*" hft caan qtak tinda {ha àkia|fb }asiok. [ha dhidgan {iggf `ftfbf it noz dontikasak

ona ol Csi{fin*t òt{ }o}qbfs kithat.

]idgbat" }satas|at fnk donkiàn{t

]idgbat fnk }satas|at fsa ji|an f {zit{ cy {ha inlbqanda ol {ha Csi{ith A`}isa. [hqt" {ha sa}as{oisaindbqkat dhq{nay ft zabb ft Csfnt{on os #csozn# }idgba" }iddfbibbi" }idgbak oniont fnk jhasgint. [ha Ftifn

inlbqanda it fbto }satan{ in donkiàn{t tqdh ft {o`f{o tfqda (osijinfbby ga{ef})" Zosdat{asthisa tfqda

fnk #csozn# tfqda (tqdh ft H]). Cadfqta Csi{fin it f caas-ksinginj nf{ion" `fb{ |inajfs it do`ònby

qtak. Anjbith `qt{fsk it t{sonjby-lbf|oqsak fnk csijh{ yabboz7 tas|ak zi{h àf{t fnk doogak zi{h

dhaata7 in{asnf{ionfbby no{ak los i{t }qnjandy7 fnk }fs{idqbfsby fttodif{ak zi{h Dob`fn*t ol Noszidh.

]idgbat ol{an fddo`}fny f tabad{ion ol tbidak" dobk doogak àf{t" os #dobk dobbf{ion#. [hit kith dfn dbfi`

{o hf|a toà in{asnf{ionfb inlbqanda" tinda i{ it gnozn in Lsandh ft fn #fttia{{a fnjbfita#.

Dhaata

Dhaata it janasfbby hfsk" fnk `fka lso` dozt* ìbg. Dhakkfs dhaata" osijinfbby `fka in {ha |ibbfja ol

Dhakkfs" it cy lfs {ha òt{ do`òn {y}a" zi{h `fny |fsif{iont. [fnjy Dhathisa" tfb{y Dfas}hibby" Tfja

Kascy" Sak Baidat{as" dsaf`y Koqcba Jboqdat{as" }qnjan{ Bindobnthisa ]ofdhas fnk tzaa{ Zantbaykfba

fsa toà {sfki{ionfb sajionfb |fsia{iat. Dhakkfs fnk {ha sidh" cbqa-|ainak T{ib{on hf|a co{h caan dfbbak

{ha ginj ol Anjbith dhaatat. Dosnith Yfsj it f tqddattlqb òkasn |fsia{y. [ha nfà *Dhakkfs dhaata* hft

cadoà zikaby qtak in{asnf{ionfbby" fnk koat no{ dqssan{by hf|a f }so{ad{ak katijnf{ion ol osijin

(]KO). Hoza|as" {ha Aqso}afn Qnion sadojnitat Zat{ Doqn{sy Lfs`hoqta Dhakkfs ft f ]KO. [o àa{

{hit t{fnkfsk {ha dhaata `qt{ ca `fka in {ha {sfki{ionfb `fnnas qtinj bodfb injsakian{t in ona ol {ha

loqs katijnf{ak doqn{iat ol Toq{h Zat{ Anjbfnk5 Toàsta{" Ka|on" Kosta{" os Dosnzfbb. Thaa} fnk jof{

dhaatat fsa `fka dhialby cy dsfl{ }sokqdast. Don{inan{fb dhaatat tqdh ft Lsandh Csia fsa toà{iàt

fbto `fnqlfd{qsak.

]qkkinjt

Kqsinj {ha Kattas{ doqsta" }qkkinjt tqdh ft csafk fnk cq{{as }qkkinj" Addbat dfga" shqcfsc dsq`cba"

f}}ba }ia" {safdba {fs{" t}o{{ak kidg" tq`às }qkkinj fnk {silba fsa tas|ak. Fn fddo`}fniàn{" dqt{fsk"

toà{iàt gnozn ft dsà fnjbfita (#Anjbith tfqda#) it f tqct{i{q{a {o #ajjt fnk ìbg# `fka lso`

dosnlboqs fnk |fnibbf. [hata kithat fsa ti`}ba fnk {sfki{ionfb. [hasa it fbto f ksiak lsqi{ cftak Dhsit{`ft


6/52

}qkkinj" fnk {ha fbònk lbf|oqsak Cfgazabb {fs{ osijinf{inj lso` {ha {ozn ol Cfgazabb. Dsyt{fbbitak

Jinjas os f ]a}}asìn{ Tzaa{ ìjh{ ca ollasak fl{as f haf|y àfb {o fik kijat{ion.

Tf|oqsy doqsta

Fno{has Anjbith dqbinfsy {sfki{ion" sfsaby octas|ak {okfy" it {ha dontq`}{ion ol f tf|oqsy doqsta {ozfsk

{ha dondbqtion ol f àfb. [hit noz {hoqjh `fy ca af{an ft f tnfdg os f bijh{ bqndh os tq}}as. Toààfbt {okfy ank zi{h f tzaa{ kattas{" fb{hoqjh dhaata fnk citdqi{t `fy ca dontqàk ft fn fb{asnf{i|a

os ft fn fkki{ion. In Yosgthisa" lsqi{ dfga it ol{an tas|ak zi{h Zantbaykfba dhaata. Dollaa dfn

toà{iàt ca f dqbìnf{osy ksing.

C)Isith Dqitina - Isith dqitina it f t{yba ol dooginj osijinf{inj lso` Isabfnk os ka|abo}ak cy Isith }ao}ba.

I{ a|ob|ak lso` dan{qsiat ol todifb fnk }obi{idfb dhfnja. [ha dqitina {fgat i{t inlbqanda lso` {ha dso}t

jsozn fnk fni`fbt lfsàk in i{t {a`}asf{a dbi`f{a. [ha in{sokqd{ion ol {ha }o{f{o in {ha tadonk hfbl ol

{ha 6


7/52

Jsaf{as Jbftjoz fnk Dbyka \fbbay fsaf os {ha ]as{hthis sajion fbto qta }ban{y ol lith àf{ in {hais

kithat" cq{ i{ dfn ca tfik {hf{ òsa |fsia{y in àf{ dhoidat it }satan{ak hasa" zi{h f bfsjas dontq`}{ion

ol caal fnk }osg àf{. Zhan i{ doàt {o Tdo{{ith sat{fqsfn{t" {ha ki|asti{y ol look it lfs jsaf{as {hfn

{ha {sfki{ionfb kithat. Yoq zon{ ca tqs}sitak {o link axdabban{ Lsandh" I{fbifn" @aki{assfnafn" Jsaag"

Inkifn" Dhinata" Ef}fnata" Lfs-aft{asn" @axidfn os Dan{sfb Fàsidfn t}adilid sat{fqsfn{t in {ha bfsjas

Tdo{{ith di{iat.

Toà ol {ha lfòqt Tdo{{ith sadi}a fsa5

Hfjjit -Hfjjit it dontikasak {o ca òt{ }o}qbfs kith fbb fsoqnk {ha Tdo{bfnk. I{ it cabia|ak {hf{Hfjjit zft |asy }o}qbfs in Anjbith doogasy qn{ib {ha 68{h dan{qsy. Hfjjit it }sa}fsak lso` {ha

hafs{" bqnjt" fnk bi|as ol f thaa}" dfbl" a{d." ìndak zi{h tqa{ fnk of{àfb" taftonak zi{h tfb{"

}a}}as" oniont" a{d." fnk coibak biga f bfsja Tfqtfja.

Fscsof{h Tògia - F zook-tògak Hfkkodg lso` Fscsof{h }o}qbfs in {ha Aft{ doft{. Of{dfgat - Of{dfgat fsa `fka q} ol Cfsbay fnk of{-lboqs citdqi{ cfgak on f jsikba" ol{an af{an

zi{h dhaata. Cfnnodg Cfnnodgt fsa f gink ol soqnk csafk zi{h ksiak lsqi{ {hsoqjh i{. Tdo{{ith Caal- Caal fsa janasfbby }sa}fsak los` [ha Fcaskaan-Fnjqt csaak ol Caal df{{ba. [ha

Caal it sagnoznak zosbk o|as ft sidh fnk {ft{y àf{.

Cbfdg cqn - @fka zi{h sfitint" dqssfn{t" linaby-dho}}ak }aab" dho}}ak fbònkt fnk csozn tqjfsCbfdg cqn it f |asy sidh lsqi{ dfga. dinnfòn fnk jinjas fsa fkkak {o `fga i{ òsa {ft{ias.

K) Zabth Dqitina 5 [ha Zabth dqitina it cftak on {ha bodfb injsakian{t bf`c àf{ it |asy }o}qbfs fnk

{hf{t zhy òt{ ol {ha kithat don{fin bf`c cq{ fbto caal fnk kfisy df{{ba. [ha caal fnk df{{ba dfn ca

loqnk in fcqnkfnda in Dfs`fs{hanthisa fnk ]a`csogathisa sajiont. [hata injsakian{t dfn ca loqnk

lsath" safky {o ca doogak os fbsafky doogak. [ha Zabth {sfki{ionfb dhaatat fsa cainj qtak in tfbfkt" in

}sa}fsinj tnfdgt" }iat fnk a|an dfgat. [hasa fsa o|as 3= |inayfskt in Zfbat7 in `fny {sfki{ionfb Zabth

kithat |ina it cainj qtak {o ji|a f qnivqa lbf|os {o {ha look fnk dfn ca tas|ak kqsinj {ha àfbt cadfqta

i{t hafb{hy in t`fbb fòqn{t" hab}inj {ha kijat{ion. [hasa fsa ta|asfb look lat{i|fbt in Zfbat" zhasa fbb

{ha lsfàst fsa }satan{inj {ha osjfnid }sokqd{t dqb{i|f{ak cy {ha` in {ha obk {sfki{ionfb zfy. [ha Zabth

look indbqkat f qnivqa abaàn{" {ha tzaa{ csafk. [ha t{az fnk baagt" }osg àf{cfbb" os {ha Zabth

sfsaci{ (f {oft{ zi{h dhaata fnk cq{{as) fsa eqt{ f laz o{has {sfki{ionfb kithat. [ha {sfki{ionfb Zabth

sadi}at fsa ìxinj dfsalqbby {ha injsakian{t. @ot{ ol {ha Zabth kithat fsa `fka ol nf{qsfb injsakian{t

zi{hoq{ dhaìdfbt" {hf{t zhy {hay fsa to lsath" {ft{y fnk hafb{hy. @ot{ ol {ha bfnk in Zfbat it no{

fsfcba" {hf{ it zhy a|asy }afda ol fsfcba bfnk it f}}sadif{ak fnk zabb {fgan dfsa ol. [ha Zfbat dqitina it

f hafb{hy ona cadfqta i{ it cftak on nf{qsfb }sokqd{t.

Avqi}àn{ los Csi{ith Dooginj

@ot{ Csi{ith kithat kon{ savqisa yoq {o }qsdhfta fny t}adifb {oobt. Hoza|as" hf|inj f dollaa jsinkas

hab}t zi{h soft{inj fnk jsinkinj t}idat fnk `fxiìuat {hais |obf{iba oibt" zhidh" in {qsn" }so|ikat yoqs

look zi{h òsa lbf|os. Csi{ith dqitina koat no{ qta t}adifb avqi}àn{" zhf{toa|as. I{ it jook {o gnoz


8/52

{hf{ zhan }sa}fsinj f Csi{ith kith" {ha q{antibt {hf{ fsa qtak fsa f|fibfcba in òt{ ol {ha gi{dhant

fsoqnk {ha zosbk. ajj sinjt" t}f{qbft" losgt" t}oont" gni|at" don{finast los {ha injsakian{t" coxat zi{h

t}idat {hata fsa {ha qtqfb {oobt zhidh fsa naakak. Tdfbat los zaijhinj {ha injsakian{t fnk

{hasòà{ast los dooginj {ha lookt f{ das{fin {a`}asf{qsat thoqbk ca qtak.


9/52

Lsfnda (Lsandh Dqitinat)

Hit{osy[ha Lsandh dooginj t{yba it dontikasak {o ca ona ol {ha òt{ salinak" òkasn fnk abajfn{ `fnnast

loqnk in dqitinat fbb o|as {ha zosbk. Look it }fs{ ol {hais dqb{qsa" fnk lfòqt Lsandh dhalt `fga òt{axvqiti{a kithat fl{as osijinfb Lsandh sadi}at {hf{ hf|a `fka Lsfnda lfòqt tinda dan{qsiat fjo.

Hoza|as" {ha ki|asti{y fnk dhfnjat {hf{ dhfsfd{asiua {hit dqitina fsa zhf{ `fgat i{ in{asat{inj. Cy {ha

afsby aijh{aan dan{qsy" csafk fnk dasafbt zasa {ha cftid injsakian{t in {ha kfiby kia{. Lsandh lsiat hf|a

caan in{sokqdak {o {hit doqn{sy in {ha X\III dan{qsy fnk jfinak to `qdh }o}qbfsi{y {hf{ {hay hf|a caan

ga}{ ft }fs{ ol {ha {sfki{ionfb Lsandh dqitina. Onby zi{h {ha cajinninj ol {ha XIX dan{qsy look hft

cadoà f todifb a{ivqa{{a fnk òsa to}hit{idf{ak kithat aàsjak" `finby tas|ak in hijh todia{iat. [ha

i`}so|aàn{ ol {sfnt}os{f{ion" at}adifbby {ha in{sokqd{ion ol {sfin" `fsgak {ha dqbinfsy sa|obq{ion"

tinda a|asy }aftfn{ hfk fddatt {o òsa abfcosf{ak àfbt" injsakian{t fnk donkiàn{t. \aja{fcbat {hf{

jsoz on las{iba Lsandh bfnkt indbqka }o{f{oat" jsaan cafnt" dfsso{t" {qsni}t" fqcasjinat" doqsja{{at"

lfòqt Lsandh `qthsoo`t" biga dhf`}ijnont" oyt{as `qthsoo`t" }osdinit fnk {sqllbat. Ft f {sfki{ion

ga}{ fbonj {ha doqsta ol hit{osy" zinasiat fsa t}safk fbb o|as {ha doqn{sy" }sokqdinj òt{ salinak Lsandh

zinat" tas|ak kfiby cy bodfbt.

Sajionfb Dqitinat ol Lsfnda

[ha {y}idfb Lsfnda dqitina hft {adhnivqat fnk à{hokt do`òn {o fbb doqn{syt sajiont" cq{ killasandat

tqdh ft {ha qta ol cq{{as in {ha nos{hasn }fs{t" kqdg lf{ in {ha toq{hasn onat" fnk obi|a oib in {ha

toq{haft{" zibb ji|a killasan{ lbf|ost {o yoqs àfbt. Fbto" {ha aft{asn }fs{t ol Lsfnda fsa jsaf{by

inlbqandak cy {ha Jas`fn dqitina" {ha bfsk" tfqtfjat" caas" fnk tfqasgsfq{ cainj }fs{ ol {ha sajionfb

af{inj dqt{o`.

Fq|asjna it {ha }bfda {o lina tfq{t" thfbbo{t cbqa os {o`à dhaata. [ha lfòqt Ds}at hijhby osijinf{a

in {ha Csi{{fny fsaf" zhasa yoq dfn fbto link ]osg kithat fnk }sqna lbfnt. Cqsjqnky it zabb gnozn los

Caal os lith t{azt in sak zina" Joqjsa" fnk {ha atdfsjo{t (tnfibt cfgak in thabbt zi{h }fstbay cq{{as).

Vqidha Bossfina" lfòqt in òt{ aqso}afn sat{fqsfn{t" osijinf{at in {ha Bossfina sajion" {oja{has zi{h

]o{a fnk ]{ Bossfin. @aki{assfnafn inlbqandat in {ha Lsandh dqitina dfn cat{ ca t}o{{ak nafs D{a

k*Fuqs/]so|anda.

In {ha Fbtfda sajion" tfqasgsfq{ zi{h tfqtfjat" tfb{ ]osg fnk }o{f{oat" t}{uba" Cfadgaolla" Csakabf fnk

goqjbol fsa eqt{ toà ol {ha `fin kithat yoq zibb link in {ha bodfb dqitina. [ha Fb} sajion it hijhby

inlbqandak cy {ha Tzitt dqitina" fònj {ha `fin sadi}at cainj {ha sfdba{{a (àb{ak dhaata tas|ak zi{h}o{f{oat" Hf` fnk ol{an ksiak Caal)" lonkqa tf|oyfska" fnk [fs{ilba{{a (f Tf|oyfsk jsf{in zi{h

}o{f{oat" Sacbodhon dhaata fnk dsaf`

In {ha Fs{oit-]idfsky sajion" t{azt fsa {ha `fin kith f|fibfcba. Lith os Caal it do`ònby qtak in {ha

t{azt zi{h |aja{fcbat" zi{h o{has {y}at ol àf{" fnk toà{iàt t{azak in caas


10/52

Avqi}àn{ los Lsandh Dooginj

Zhan yoq }bfn on dooginj in f Lsandh `fnnas" yoq zibb ca in naak ol f bo{ ol }o{t fnk tas|inj t}oont"

t}f{qbft" losgt" {qsnast" tdsf}ast fnk {onjt. Look }sodattost" ìxast" jsinkast fnk t}bf{{ast fsa ol jsaf{

q{ibi{y in {hit dqitina" at}adifbby los jsf{inj hfsk donkiàn{t biga cbfdg }a}}as os dinnfòn o|as fn

fbsafky }sa}fsak àfb }bfdak in f kith. [ha ft}ad{ ol f àfb it ona ol {ha òt{ i`}os{fn{ {hinjt {odontikas" fnk yoq `qt{ hf|a fbb {ha nadattfsy avqi}àn{ {o fssfnja a|asy tinjba abaàn{ in {ha

osnfàn{fb kith.

Kaa} tas|inj kithat fsa savqisak los {ha {sfki{ionfb Lsandh Onion toq}t. Yoq naak {o dontikas do|as bikt

fnk intqbf{ak look dfssiast {o gaa} {ha {a`}asf{qsa ol {ha look dont{fn{" il yoq }bfn on tas|inj {ha

kithat f{ {hais o}{iìuak {a`}asf{qsa. Cadfqta ol {ha lfd{ {hf{ {ha t{azt fnk {ha toq}t ja{ dobk safbby

lft{" fnk cadfqta yoq hf|a {o }q{ {ha àf{t intika {ha coibinj }fnt f{ {ha sijh{ {a`}asf{qsa" f

{hasòà{as zoqbk ca f zita }qsdhfta los yoqs Lsandh gi{dhan.


11/52

I{fby (I{fbifn Dqitina)I{fbifn dqitina ft f nf{ionfb dqitina gnozn {okfy hft a|ob|ak {hsoqjh dan{qsiat ol todifb fnk }obi{idfb

dhfnja. I{t soo{t dfn ca {sfdak cfdg {o {ha ;{h dan{qsy CD. [ha dqitina dhfnjak tijnilidfn{by zi{h

kitdo|asy ol {ha Naz Zosbk zhidh hab}ak thf}a `qdh ol zhf{ it gnozn ft I{fbifn dqitina {okfy zi{h {ha

in{sokqd{ion ol i{a`t tqdh ft }o{f{oat" {o`f{oat" cabb }a}}as fnk `fiua" zhidh fsa fbb dan{sfb }fs{t ol

{ha dqitina cq{ zasa no{ in{sokqdak in tdfba qn{ib {ha 68{h dan{qsy.

Injsakian{t fnk kithat |fsy cy sajion. [hasa fsa `fny tijnilidfn{ sajionfb kithat {hf{ hf|a cadoà co{h

nf{ionfb fnk sajionfb. @fny kithat {hf{ zasa onda sajionfb" hoza|as" hf|a }sobilasf{ak in killasan{

|fsif{iont fdsott {ha doqn{sy in {ha }satan{ kfy. Dhaata fnk zina fsa fbto f `feos }fs{ ol {ha dqitina"

}bfyinj killasan{ sobat co{h sajionfbby fnk nf{ionfbby zi{h {hais `fny |fsif{iont fnk Kanoìnfuiona ki

osijina don{sobbf{f (KOD) (sajqbf{ak f}}abbf{ion) bfzt. Dollaa" fnk òsa t}adilidfbby at}satto" hft

cadoà hijhby i`}os{fn{ {o {ha dqb{qsfb dqitina ol I{fby.

Hit{osyZhan don{a`}bf{inj {ha hit{osy ol I{fbifn dqitina" i{ it i`}os{fn{ {o saà`cas {hf{ I{fby kik no{ axit{ ft

f qniliak doqn{sy calosa 68:=7 }sios {o {hf{" i{ zft f ki|asta dobbad{ion ol ginjko`t fnk }sindi}fbi{iat.

Inkaak" ft Gyba ]hibbi}t no{at in {ha in{sokqd{ion {o hit {sfntbf{ion ol [ha Fs{ ol Af{inj Zabb" onby f t`fbb

}asdan{fja ol I{fbifnt fd{qfbby t}oga I{fbifn }sios {o {ha 3={h dan{qsy. [hit }obi{idfb (fnk dqb{qsfb)

ki|asti{y it ìssosak cy {ha zika |fsia{y ol dbi`f{id fnk {o}ojsf}hid sajiont {hf{ {ha I{fbifn }anintqbf

t}fnt. Cadfqta ol {hata donki{iont" {hasa axit{ f jsaf{ |fsia{y ol kithat in {ha I{fbifn sa}as{oisa.

Tiìbfsby" ona naakt {o saà`cas {hf{ òt{ sadi}at in {ha I{fbifn sa}as{oisa hf|a doà kozn {o qt lso`

janasf{iont ol }oos" hfsk-zosginj }ao}ba. Zhiba {ha laft{t }so|ikak cy {ha @akidi" At{at fnk Bo`cfski

fsa {ha t{qll ol bajank" doqs{ lfsa zft òsa dbotaby ikan{iliak zi{h Lsandh fnk Fqt{sifn dqitina fnk

tqcead{ {o dhfnjat in lfthion fnk {ft{a. [hit hft bi{{ba {o ko zi{h zhf{ za noz ikan{ily ft I{fbifn dooginj"

zhidh zft bfsjaby ka}ankan{ on bodfbby fnk taftonfbby f|fibfcba }sokqd{t fnk zhidh }socfcby a|ob|ak

|asy tbozby o|as {ha dan{qsiat.

Ta|asfb `feos dhfnjat hf|a nona{habatt thf}ak I{fbifn dooginj" no{fcby {ha fdda}{fnda ol {o`f{oat ft

f look in {ha 68{h dan{qsy (}sios {o {han" {o`f{oat zasa {hoqjh{ {o ca }oitonoqt fnk jsozn onby los

kadosf{i|a saftont). [o f battas ax{an{ fnk f{ fcoq{ {ha tfà {ià" }o{f{oat cadfà f sajqbfs }fs{ ol

ta|asfb sajionfb dqitinat.

]ashf}t {ha òt{ i`}os{fn{ dhfnja in {ha hit{osy ol I{fbifn dooginj zft {ha 6896 }qcbidf{ion ol

]abbijsino Fs{qti*t Bf Tdianuf in Dqdinf a b*Fs{a ki @fnjinfs Cana ([ha Tdianda ol {ha Gi{dhan fnk {ha Fs{

ol Af{inj Zabb). Fs{qti" f }oby`f{h" joqs`fnk fnk con |i|fn{" {sf|abak ax{anti|aby {hsoqjhoq{ {ha

I{fbifn }anintqbf" dobbad{inj sadi}at ft ha zan{ fbonj. Hit dobbad{ion cadfà [ha Fs{ ol Af{inj Zabb. Cy fbb

fddoqn{t" i{ zft {ha list{ òkasn doogcoog {o indbqka sadi}at lso` `fny ol I{fby*t sajiont fnk {o

}satan{ {ha` in f do`òn kifbad{. Hit zosg hft caan dsaki{ak zi{h lot{asinj f nf{ionfb I{fbifn dqb{qsa7

f{ f ìni`q`" ha hab}ak losja {ha I{fbifn dqitina lso` i{t `fny sajionfb dqitinat.


12/52

Sajionfb Dqitinat ol I{fby

[ha I{fbifn dqitina it dhfsfd{asiuak cy toà t}adilid qnivqa kithat" biga }ft{f" sito{{o fnk }iuuf" zhidh

fsa tas|ak in fbb }fs{t ol {ha doqn{sy. Hoza|as" sajionfb killasandat `fy oddqs in {ha dooginj }sodatt ol

f àfb" satqb{inj in |fsif{iont ol {ha tfà sadi}a" os qnivqa t}adilid onat ol f tinjba fsaf" biga {ha Nf}obi

}iuuf" t}adilid {o {ha Naf}obi{fn sajion. Fbto" ]a}asoni I`co{{i{i it fno{has t}adilid Naf}obi{fn kith" fnk

dontit{t ol t{qllak cabb }a}}ast zi{h Ajj}bfn{ fnk csafk dsq`ct.

In {ha [qtdfn sajion" hfs{y toq}t fsa f do`òn {hinj" ft zabb ft lith t{azt. Dfddiqddo fnk tdo{{ijbif fsa

toà ol {ha t}adilid [qtdfn t{azt. O{has [qtdfn t}adifb{iat indbqka fbbf liosan{inf t{afg" sicobbi{f" f

{hidg |aja{fcba toq} fnk lfjiobi fbb*qddabba{{o" tfq{ak cafnt in jfsbid fnk tfja zi{h {o`f{oat.

In {ha ]iakòn{ sajion yoq dfn link f t}adifb kith dfbbak lonkq{f" don{fininj àb{ak dhaata ki} ol ìbg"

ajjt fnk zhi{a {sqllbat. Fbto" coibak |afb {onjqa fnk lith fttos{àn{t biga fndho|iat" aabt" dfs}" {soq{"

fnk tnfibt fsa f|fibfcba in fbb sajion.

Bo`cfsky it zabb gnozn los @ibfn sabf{ak kithat" tqdh ft t}fjha{{i @ibfnata fnk ìnat{sona fbbf

@ibfnata" fnk los o{has t}adifb{iat tqdh ft dsaf`y Josjonuobf fnk }oban{f.

Sida fnk }aft fsa t}adilid los {ha \ana{o sajion" zhasa yoq dfn fbto link dfbl*t bi|as lsiak zi{h oniont"

thabblith" aabt fnk ksiak Dok. In Janof sajion }at{o it {ha `fin injsakian{" fnk in Nosdif" {ha I{fbifn

dqitina df}i{fb" yoq dfn link }osg kithat" cbfdg {sqllbat" fnk hfnk-`fka }ft{f biga #t{souuf}sa{i.#

Tidiby it sidh in lsqi{t fnk taflook" ft zabb ft Tfskinif" zhidh it fbto gnozn los tfqtfjat" tzaa{ jsaan

obi|at" fnk Bf`c t{afgt.

Qnivqa Dqitinat Cy Sajiont

Lsiqbi-\anauif Jiqbif

Eo{f5 t{az ol cafnt zi{h cfdon Cso|fkf5 {qsni}t }satas|ak in `fsd Lsido5 Doogak @on{ftio dhaata. I{ dfn ca kona in killasan{ lfthiont" zi{h os zi{hoq{ }o{f{oat"

dsqndhy os tol{.

\ana{o

]ft{f a lftioi5 f kith ol }ft{f fnk cafnt ]oban{f don jbi otai5 ]oban{f doogak zi{h zibk ciskt Siti a citi5 sida zi{h yoqnj }aft Tfska in Tfos5 `fsinf{ak tfskinat

[san{ino-Fb{o Fkija

Jnoddhi don bf sido{{f5 ]o{f{o kq`}binjt zi{h sido{{f ]obbo si}iano fbbf {san{inf5 T{qllak dhidgan in {ha t{yba ol [san{o DfnakasbiPP os WWGnkab5 kq`}binjt `fka zi{h bal{o|as csafk Dsfq{i5 Tfqasgsfq{


13/52

Bo`cfsky

[os{abbi ki uqddf5 sf|iobi zi{h f }q`}gin libbinj Sito{{o fbbf ìbfnata5 F t{issak sida kith `fka zi{h \ifbona os Dfsnfsobi sida lbf|osak zi{h

tfllson

]fna{{ona5 f @ibfnata Dhsit{`ft {sfki{ionfb csafk `fka zi{h f yaft{ koqjh fbonj zi{h dfnkiakdi{sqt }aab" sfitint fnk dfnkiak lsqi{t

@ot{fskf ki Dsaònf5 coibak lsqi{t taftonak zi{h `qt{fsk ]iuuoddhasi5 cqdgzhaf{ {fjbif{abba ksattak zi{h }o{f{oat" jsaant (ol{an Tzitt Dhfsk)" cq{{as fnk

Ci{{o dhaata5 f t}adifbi{y ol {ha \fb{abbinf.

\fbba K* Fot{f

Uq}}f ki \fb}abbina5 tf|oy dfccfja t{az {hidganak zi{h t{fba csafk [os{ino ka sito fbbf |fbkot{fnf5 sida dfga zi{h ox {onjqa Ba}sa in Di|a{5 eqjjak hfsa ]asa Tfn @fs{in fb |ino sotto5 zin{as }afst in sak zina ]fnnf do{{f5 tzaa{anak dsaf` ta{ zi{h jabf{in

]iakòn{

Sito{{o fbbf }iaòn{ata5 sito{{o doogak zi{h àf{ cso{h fnk taftonak zi{h nq{àj" }fsàtfnfnk {sqllba

]fnitdif ki No|fsf5 f kith cftak on sida zi{h cosbo{{i cafnt" tfbfà fnk |aja{fcbat Cfjnf dfqkf5 F ho{ ki} cftak on fndho|iat" obi|a oib fnk jfsbid cbfndhak in ìbg" {o fddo`}fin

|aja{fcbat (ai{has sfz os doogak)" àf{ os lsiak }oban{f t{idgt

Dfsna dsqkf fbb*fbcata5 t{afg {fs{fsa zi{h {sqllbat \i{abbo {onnf{o5 |afb in {qnf tfqda

Bijqsif

]iuuf fbb*Fnksaf5 Lodfddif-t{yba }iuuf {o}}ak zi{h {o`f{o tbidat (no{ tfqda) oniont fnkfndho|iat

Tdfcajjio5 lsiak lith `fsinf{ak in zina" jfsbid" baòn eqida fnk tfja" {y}idfb ol @onajbif Cfddfb Lsi{{o5 òstabt ol tfb{ dok ki}}ak in lboqs cf{{as fnk lsiak

[os{f ]ftvqfbinf5 tf|osy lbfn libbak zi{h f ìx{qsa ol jsaan |aja{fcbat" sido{{f fnk }fsìjifnodhaata" ìbg fnk `fseosfn7 toà ajjt fsa {han }oqsak in {ha fbsafky-}bfdak libbinj" to {hf{ {hais

yobgt zibb sa`fin zhoba fnk lis` zhan doogak

Aìbif-So`fjnf

Uf`}ona5 t{qllak }ij*t {so{{as" lf{{as Do{adhino5 t{qllak }ij*t {so{{as" bafnas Df}}abbf kf ]sa{a5 t{qllak }ij*t {so{{as" |asy lf{ Ascfuuona5 tfb{y dsoittfn{ libbak zi{h tfbfk Lf|a T{qlf{a5 cafnt zi{h òs{fkabbf [os{f Cfsouui o {os{f nasf5 Cfsouui {fs{ ol cbfdg {fs{ (f kattas{ `fka zi{h f dollaa/dodof fnk

fbònk libbinj andftak in f lina }ft{sy koqjh

[qtdfny

]inuiònio5 lsath taftonfb sfz os tbijh{by cbfndhak |aja{fcbat tas|ak zi{h taftonak obi|a oib loski}}inj

Sicobbi{f5 sahaf{ak |aja{fcba toq} Otticqdhi fbbf {otdfnf5 otto cqdo" tbidak csfitak |afb thfng" #[qtdfn-t{yba# Cit{addf fbbf liosan{inf5 jsibbak Lbosan{ina [-cona t{afg. In }ft{ i{ zft fbto dfbbak cit{addf fbbf

lbosan{inf

Dsa`f }fsfkito5 [qtdfn dsafàk cfdon


14/52

Q`csif

Ban{iddhia ki Dft{abbqddio don tfbtidda5 ban{ib t{az zi{h tfqtfjat @inat{sf ki lfsso5 t}ab{ toq} Sajinf in }osdha{{f5 dfs} in lannab tfqda ]iddioni fbb t}iako5 t}i{-soft{ak }ijaon Cfscouuo5 dqsak" `f{qsak }ij*t dhaag @fuuflajf{i5 tzaa{ os ho{ }ij*t bi|as tfqtfja" {ha tzaa{ |astion don{fininj sfitint" osfnja }aab

fnk tqjfs

@fsdha

Csoka{{o ki Tfn Canaka{{o kab [son{o5 lith t{az" Tfn Canaka{{o kab [son{o-t{yba ]fttf{abbi fbb*qscinf{a5 t}infdh fnk àf{ kq`}binjt Obi|a fbb*ftdobfnf5 lsiak obi|at t{qllak zi{h }osg" caal" dhidgan bi|ast" {o`f{o }ft{a fnk

]fsàtfn dhaata

Difqtdobo5 `fka lso` {ha cabby fnk thoqbkas ol }ij zi{h hfbl i{t zaijh{ in }osg lf{ fnk taftonakzi{h tfb{" }a}}as" osfnja }aab fnk lannab. I{ it t{qllak in{o fn in{at{ina dftinj" ksiak in f tòginj

dhf`cas fnk dqsak los {hsaa zaagt.

Do}}f5 do}}f in {hit sajion salast {o f coibinj tfqtfja `fka lso` }ij*t hafk" cfdon" osfnja}aab" nq{àj fnk toà{iàt }inanq{t os fbònkt. I{ it àfn{ {o ca af{an zi{hin f òn{h ol}sa}fsf{ion

Bfuio

Tfb{i`coddf fbbf So`fnf5 \afb dq{ba{" So`fn-t{yba7 {o}}ak zi{h sfz hf` fnk tfja fnkti`àsak zi{h zhi{a zina fnk cq{{as

Dokf ki cqa fbbf |fddinfsf5 ox{fib sfjoq{ Dfsdioli fbbf Jiqkif5 fs{idhogat lsiak in obi|a oib" {y}idfb ol So`fn Eazith dooginj Dfsdioli fbbf So`fnf5 fs{idhogat So`fn-t{yba7 oq{as baf|at saò|ak" t{qllak zi{h ìn{" jfsbid"

csafkdsq`ct fnk csfitak

T}fjha{{i fbbf dfsconfsf5 t}fjha{{i zi{h cfdon" ajjt fnk }adosinoFcsquuo

@fddhasoni fbbf Dhi{fssf5 f nfssoz t{si}}ak }ft{f tas|ak zi{h f tfqda ol {o`f{oat" cfdon fnk]adosino dhaata

Tqjo ki Dft{sf{o5 `q{{on tfqda `fka zi{h onion" sota`fsy" cfdon" zhi{a zina" fnk {o`f{oat @ouufsabbina fbbo Ufllasfno5 ìni òuufsabbf dhaata dof{ak zi{h f cf{{as lbf|osak zi{h tfllson Fjnabbo dftd* a o|a5 Bf`c t{qllak zi{h jsf{ak }adosino dhaata fnk ajjt

Df`}fnif

@fddhasoni fbbf Nf}oba{fnf5 `fdfsoni zi{h Naf}obi{fn tfqda7 f tfqda ol csfitak caal" dfsso{"dabasy" onion" jfsbid" zhi{a zina" {o`f{o }ft{a fnk lsath cftib.

]iuuf Nf}oba{fnf5 Naf}obi{fn }iuuf7 }iuuf {o}}ak zi{h fndho|iat" òuufsabbf" osajfno fnk obi|aoib

@ouufsabbf in Dfssouuf5 lsiak òuufsabbf tfnkzidhat Intfbf{f Df}sata5 tfbfk ol {o`f{oat" òuufsabbf fnk cftib ]ft{iasf Nf}oba{fnf5 Naf}obi{fn sido{{f dfga

]qjbif

[iabbf ki \askqsa5 dfttasoba ol cfgak |aja{fcba {o}}ak zi{h òuufsabbf dhaata fnk lsath cftib ]qsaf ki Lf|a5 csofk cafn }qsaa Uq}}f ki Douua fbbf [fsfn{inf5 `qttabt t{afàk zi{h }a}asondino" jfsbid" {o`f{oat" zhi{a zina

fnk jfsbid

Ot{sidha Fssot{o5 oyt{ast csoibak zi{h }fstbay" jfsbid" osajfno" csafkdsq`ct" obi|a oib fnk baòneqida


15/52

Cftibidf{f

]obbo fbbf ]o{an{inf5 ]o{anuf-t{yba dhidgan7 Dhidgan csfitak zi{h {o`f{oat" onion" zhi{a zina"}a}asondino" {o}}ak zi{h lsath cftib" }fstbay fnk }adosino dhaata

Fjnabbo fbbf ]ft{osf5 Bf`c zi{h }o{f{oat Osaddhia{{a fbba Dià ki Sf}f5 Afs-biga }ft{f zi{h csoddobi Osaddhia{{a don bf Tfbtiddif ]iddfn{a5 Afs-biga }ft{f zi{h {y}idfb t}idy tfbfì lso` Cftibidf{f ]adosino ki Losanuf5 [y}idfb Losanuf*t thaa} dhaata

Dfbfcsif

@abfnufna fbbf @an{f5 Ajj}bfn{ `fsinf{ak zi{h ìn{ ]i{{f doi ]oòkosi5 }i{f csafk zi{h {o`f{oat ]atda T}fkf fbbf Jhio{{f5 tzosklith sobbt in {o`f{o tfqda

Tidiby

[onno fbbf }fbasì{fnf5 {qnf ]fbasò-t{yba7 {qnf `fsinf{ak in zhi{a zina" baòn" jfsbid"sota`fsy fnk csoibak" {han tas|ak zi{h }fn-tafsak tfskinat

Ib {i`cfbbo kab jf{{o}fsko5 Tidibifn }ia7 }ft{sy koqjh cfgak zi{h f libbinj ol }anna sijf{f"]fsàtfn" fnk coqnk f tfqda ol hf`" dhidgan" bi|as" onion" dfsso{" {sqllbat" kidak hfsk-coibak

ajj fnk taftonak zi{h dbo|a" dinnfòn" tfb{ fnk }a}}as.

Df}onf{f5 ajj}bfn{t zi{h {o`f{oat fnk obi|at @fddq ki Tfn Jiqta}}a5 cafn }ft{a zi{h lannab

Tfskinif

]soddakkq5 T`fbb }ij doogak zi{h `ys{ba @fbbosakkqt5 taòbinf jnoddhi zi{h tfllson Tf lsajqbf5 doqtdoqt

Avqi}àn{ los I{fbifn Dooginj

Zhan yoq }bfn on dooginj in fn I{fbifn `fnnas" yoq zibb ca in naak ol f bo{ ol }o{t fnk tas|inj t}oont"

t}f{qbft" losgt" {qsnast" tdsf}ast fnk {onjt. Cij }o{t {hf{ dfn ca }bfdak o|as o}an lisat fsa t}adilid {o{hit dqitina. Fbto" cfginj }o{t fnk kithat fsa |asy }o}qbfs in {ha I{fbifn dqitina" tinda f bo{ ol àfbt fsa

}sa}fsak in {ha o|an sf{has {han on fn abad{sid lisa. [ha lfòqt }iuuf t}adifb{iat fsa onby cfgak in

dasfìd os dbfy o|ant {o ji|a {ha dsit}y {ft{a {o {ha koqjh. Zookan t}f{qbft fsa lsavqan{by qtak in {ha

dooginj }sodatt" no{ onby los t{issinj" cq{ los }iuuf-jsfccinj fnk hfnkbinj. Look }sodattost" ìxast"

jsinkast fnk t}bf{{ast fsa ol jsaf{ q{ibi{y in {hit dqitina" at}adifbby in {ha Tfqtfja `fginj }sodatt" fnk

los jsf{inj hfsk donkiàn{t biga cbfdg }a}}as os dinnfòn. Kaa} tas|inj kithat fsa savqisak los {ha

{sfki{ionfb I{fbifn }ft{f" los toq}t fnk los t{azt. Yoq naak {o dontikas do|as bikt fnk intqbf{ak look

dfssiast {o gaa} {ha {a`}asf{qsa ol {ha look dont{fn{" il yoq }bfn on tas|inj {ha kithat f{ {hais

o}{iìuak {a`}asf{qsa.


16/52

Tdfnkinf|ifn Dqitina

Hit{osy

[hsaa Tdfnkinf|ifn doqn{siat Noszfy" Kan`fsg fnk Tzakan thfsa f tiìbfs dqitina t{yba fnk sabf{i|abydbota dqitina ka|abo}àn{ hit{osiat. In {ha 66{h-63{h dan{qsy Kan`fsg sqbak o|as Noszfy fnk 6489 {ha

Vqaan ol Kan`fsg fnk Noszfy cadfà vqaan ol Tzakan. Kan`fsg*t inlbqanda o|as Tzakan fnk

Noszfy t{fs{ak {o kiìnith in {ha 69{h dan{qsy" cq{ {ha look sabf{ak {sfki{iont sa`finak. [hasa fsa no

kit{ind{ Tdfnkinf|ifn dqitinat {hf{ zasa ka{asìnak cy jaojsf}hidfb os todifb don{ax{t" ft za zibb link in

o{has }fs{t ol {ha zosbk. [ha Tdfnkinf|ifn dqitina it cftak on f ti`}ba dooginj t{yba" ol{an |asy ìbk

fnk no{ |asy t}idy. Csafglft{" bqndh fnk kinnas fsa {ha `fin àfbt ol {ha kfy fbb o|as {ha Tdfnkinf|ifn

]anintqbf. Fb{hoqjh òt{ Aqso}afn doqn{siat dontikas bqndh {ha `fin àfb ol {ha kfy" Tdfnkinf|ifn

doqn{siat }bfda òsa i`}os{fnda on kinnas" zhidh it {ha òt{ dontit{an{ àfb ol {ha kfy. Zosgast

ol{an onby hf|a f vqidg tnfdg los bqndh" int{afk ol f tq`}{qoqt àfb. @fny ol {ha dooginj t{ybat fnk

kithat qtak cy {ha \iginjt fsa t{ibb }satan{ in {ha Tdfnkinf|ifn dqitina {okfy" fnk Tdfnkinf|ifnt fsa}soqk ol {hais \iginj hasi{fja" f lfd{ {hf{ it fbto no{idak in {ha zfy {hay }satas|a {ha fq{han{idi{y ol

tqdh lookt.

[ha {sfki{ionfb Tdfnkinf|ifn csafglft{ it |asy bijh{ fnk lsqi{i|a" dontit{inj `finby ol toà doogiat fnk

dollaa. Csafk it fbto qtak" zi{h cq{{as fnk ef`" cq{ in òt{ dftat {hit àfb it no{ dontikasak |asy

i`}os{fn{{hf{t fbto cadfqta Tdfnkinf|ifnt qtqfbby jo {o tdhoob fnk zosg afsby" f{ 8 odbodg. Bqndh it

sidhas in nq{sian{t {hfn csafglft{" cq{ òt{ Tdfnkinf|ifnt kon{ }bfda fbb {hf{ `qdh i`}os{fnda on i{ f

vqidg tnfdg os f tfnkzidh zibb ko in òt{ dftat. Kinnas" hoza|as" it tas|ak afsby" fsoqnk < ]@" fnk i{ it

{ha `fin àfb ol {ha kfy. Fbb Tdfnkinf|ifn doqn{siat taa kinnas ft f lfìby a|an{" zhasa fbb {ha

à`cast ol {ha lfìby sa{qsn lso` tdhoob os zosg fnk aneoy {ha àfb {oja{has. F Tdfnkinf|ifn kinnas

qtqfbby dontit{t ol f toq} {o t{fs{ fnk f lith os àf{ kith los `fin doqsta. Katas{ it toà{iàt tas|ak"

cq{ i{ it no{ f kfiby kith. Ol doqsta" {ha killasan{ Tdfnkinf|ifn doqn{siat fbto hf|a tbijh{by killasan{

af{inj hfci{t. Kfnat fnk Noszajifnt onby af{ ona ho{ àfb f kfy zhiba Tzakat af{ òsa ho{ àfbt

afdh kfy. [ha dobk tòssacsok it qtqfbby {ha bqndh ol {ha Kfnat fnk Noszajifnt" zhiba in Tzakan

dhibksan sa{qsn lso` tdhoob hoà" fsoqnk 66 F@" los f ho{ bqndh. F tiìbfs dqt{o` {o {ha {sfki{ionfb

Anjbith {af axit{t in {ha Tdfnkinf|ifn ]anintqbf Tdfnkinf|ifnt tas|a csafk" citdqi{t" doogiat" }ft{sy

fnk dollaa fsoqnk 3-4 ]@. FT los ksingt" caas fnk tnf}t fsa aneoyak zi{h {ha look fnk ksy thassy.

Sajionfb Dqitinat ol Tdfnkinf|if

[ha {hsaa `fin dqitinat ol Tdfnkinf|if fsa {ha Noszajifn" {ha Kfnith fnk {ha Tzakith.

6. Noszajifn {ha dqitina it dhfsfd{asiuak cy f tanta ol }sfd{idfbi{y fnk adono`y. Noszajifntbo|a {hais àf{" zha{has i{ it ]osg" \afb os lith àf{" fnk yoq zibb no{ida {hf{ òt{ ol {hais

kithat fsa dondan{sf{ak on {hit `fin injsakian{. [ha |ft{ zibk fsaft ol Noszfy" fnk {ha

fcqnkfnda ol lith fnk jfà" `fgat tqdh nf{qsfb look satoqsdat f {o} }idg los `fny {sfki{ionfb


17/52

kithat. Noszajifn dqitina qtat abaàn{t lso` |fsioqt dooginj {sfki{iont cossozak lso` {hais

naijhcost fnk ka|abo}ak lso` {hais ozn {sfki{ionfb kithat. [ha ti`}bidi{y ol {ha dqitina koat

no{ i`}by f bfdg ol {ft{a" cq{ i{ koat `fga bila aftias los {ha doog. Tògak tfbòn it }socfcby

{ha òt{ lfòqt {y}a ol look }sokqd{ sabf{ak {o Noszfy.

3. Kfnith {ha dqitina ol Kan`fsg it dhfsfd{asiuak cy hijh ba|abt ol àf{ fnk fni`fb lf{ fnk fsf{has boz ba|ab ol }bfn{t fnk |aja{fcbat. [ha bonj zin{ast lso` {ha Tdfnkinf|ifn ]anintqbf

thf}ak {ha lfda ol {ha Kfnith dqitina. Fb{hoqjh fjsidqb{qsa it zabb ka|abo}ak" kqa {o {ha

dbi`f{a" jfà fnk lith fsa ol{an }salassak. Lsath |aja{fcbat fsa sfsa in {ha {sfki{ionfb Kfnith

sadi}at" fnk `fny kithat saby on taftonfb lsqi{t os |aja{fcbat. On {ha o{has hfnk" {ha dbi`f{a

anfcbat banj{hy àa{ }satas|f{ion" to tògak àf{ it ona ol {ha òt{ lsavqan{by qtak

injsakian{t in {ha Kfnith dqitina. [ha Kfnith dqitina it sf{has dontas|f{i|a" fnk {ha nqàsoqt

itbfnkt {hf{ los` Kan`fsg hab}ak gaa} {ha {sfki{ionfb" dontas|f{i|a dooginj t{ybat fbi|a qn{ib

òkasn {iàt.

4. Tzakan I{ it dontikasak sqka no{ {o linith {ha look yoq hf|a on {ha }bf{a" `finby cadfqta" in`fny dftat" yoq tas|a yoqstabl fnk yoq fsa sat}onticba los {ha fòqn{ ol look yoq }bfda on

yoqs }bf{a. [ha àfbt fsa no{ |asy abfcosf{a fnk `fny zibb link {ha` tdfsda in |aja{fcbat.

[sfki{ionfb sadi}at zasa inlbqandak cy {ha bfdg ol }bfn{t kqa {o {ha bonj Tzakith zin{ast fnk

`fny òkasn kithat t{ibb indbqka onby t`fbb fòqn{t ol |aja{fcbat. Sq{fcfjf it f nf{i|a {qsni}

{hf{ zft fònj {ha òt{ }o}qbfs }bfn{ {y}at in Tzakith dooginj qn{ib i{ jo{ sa}bfdak cy {ha

]o{f{o. In co{h `feos inhfci{ak sajiont ol Tzakan Jo{hancqsj on {ha zat{ doft{ fnk

T{odghob` on {ha aft{ {ha fcqnkfnda ol lith" `finby Hassinj" hfk i{t inlbqanda on {sfki{ionfb

dooginj. Fb{hoqjh {ha tfb{ak Hassinj" zhidh zft qtak ft {sfkinj jookt hqnksakt ol yafst fjo" it

no{ }fs{ ol òkasn Tzakith kithat" za zibb t{ibb link i{ in ta|asfb doogcoogt ft ona ol {ha

nf{ionfb look abaàn{t.

Avqi}àn{ los Tdfnkinf|ifn Dooginj

@ot{ Tdfnkinf|ifn kithat kon{ savqisa yoq {o }qsdhfta fny t}adifb {oobt. Hoza|as" hf|inj f dollaa jsinkas

hab}t zi{h soft{inj fnk jsinkinj t}idat fnk `fxiìuat {hais |obf{iba oibt" zhidh" in {qsn" }so|ikat yoqs look

zi{h osa lbf|os. Ona dfn tqddattlqbby }sa}fsa vqi{a f laz Tdfnkinf|ifn kithat cy qtinj eqt{ cftid gi{dhan

int{sqàn{t" cq{ i{ it sado`ànkak {hf{ yoq t{odg yoqs gi{dhan zi{h f zabb cfbfndak ta{ ol q{antibt {hf{ zibb

hab} yoq sakqda dooginj {ià fnk zibb anfcba yoq {o }satan{ yoqs Tzakith" Kfnith os Noszajifn kithat in f

òsa f{{sfd{i|a zfy. Attan{ifb q{antibt biga tas|inj t}oont" t}f{qbft" losgt" {qsnast" tdsf}ast fnk {onjt thoqbk

ca }fs{ ol yoqs dooginj #fstanfb#" {oja{has zi{h o{has dooginj int{sqàn{t {hf{ `fga zosg in {ha gi{dhan

òsa allidian{. Sfnjinj lso` dfga }fnt" dfn o}anast" dobfnkast" ajj sinjt" }ofdhast fnk hobkast" look

kithast , }os{ionast" look }fnt , look don{finast {o o{has gi{dhan q{antibt" tqdh ft look tdfbat" look tdoo}t

fnk lsyas cftga{t , fddattosiat" {ha Tdfnkinf|ifn dqitina naakt f ki|asta dooginj avqi}àn{ ta{ in oskas {o

}sokqda {ha ot{ to}hit{idf{ak Tdfnkinf|ifn kithat. Yoq thoqbk dontikas intqbf{ak look dfssiast il yoq fsa

{sfnt}os{inj {ha look fnk f lqbb ta{ ol gi{dhan binant fnk qnilos`t il yoq zith {o boog biga f }so. Hasa fsa f

laz o{has i{a`t {hf{ zibb doà hfnky zhiba dooginj Tdfnkinf|ifn look5 eqidast" gi{dhan gni|at" gi{dhan tbidast"

gi{dhan {hasòà{ast" aftqsinj dq}t , aftqsinj t}oont" itdabbfnaoqt q{antibt" ixinj cozbt fnk

tgi`àst , t{sfinast.


18/52

Jas`fn Dqitina

Jas`fn dqitina it f t{yba ol dooginj kasi|ak lso` {ha nf{ion ol Jas`fny. I{ hft a|ob|ak ft f nf{ionfb

dqitina {hsoqjh dan{qsiat ol todifb fnk }obi{idfb dhfnja zi{h |fsif{iont lso` sajion {o sajion. [ha

toq{hasn sajiont ol Jas`fny" indbqkinj Cf|fsif fnk naijhcoqsinj Tzfcif" thfsa `fny kithat.Lqs{hasòsa" fdsott {ha coskas in Fqt{sif ona zibb link `fny tiìbfs kithat. Hoza|as" injsakian{t fnk

kithat |fsy cy }so|inda. [hasa fsa `fny tijnilidfn{ sajionfb kithat {hf{ hf|a cadoà co{h nf{ionfb fnk

sajionfb. @fny kithat {hf{ zasa onda sajionfb" hoza|as" hf|a }sobilasf{ak in killasan{ |fsif{iont fdsott

{ha doqn{sy in{o {ha }satan{ kfy.

Hit{osy

Jas`fny hft f bonj hit{osy. Dqb{qsa fnk {sfki{iont }bfy f tijnilidfn{ }fs{ in inlbqandinj {ha

dqitina ft zabb. In òt{ Jas`fn fsaft {hasa fsa bfsja }bfn{f{iont ol }o{f{oat" Of{t" Zhaf{"

Tqjfs caa{t" Cfsbay" fnk Sya. dfccfja fnk dfsso{t fsa {ha òt{ i`}os{fn{ |aja{fcba dso}t" fnkfsa qtak in `fny kithat" lso` toq}t {o t{azt fnk a|an soft{ak àf{.. Fl{as {ha Tadonk Zosbk

Zfs" losaijn zosgast dfà {o Jas`fny in bfsja nq`cast fnk {o nafsby fbb jas`fn sajiont"

inlbqandinj dqb{qsa ft zabb ft af{inj hfci{t. ]iuuf" t}fjha{{i" fnk Lsandh lsiat fsa fbb }fs{ ol {ha

bajfdy bal{ cy {hota losaijn zosgast doìnj lso` I{fby os Lsfnda. [qsgith i`ìjsfn{t hf|a

csoqjh{ {ha gacfc kith" fnk osian{fb inlbqandat hf|a t{fs{ak {o thoz bf{aby" tqdh ft Inkifn os

[hfi lookt.

Jas`fny*t don{sicq{iont {o {ha zosbk*t dqb{qsfb hasi{fja fsa nqàsoqt" fnk {ha doqn{sy it ol{an

gnozn ft kft Bfnk kas Kidh{as qnk Kangas ({ha bfnk ol }oa{t fnk {hingast). Jas`fn bi{asf{qsa

dfn ca {sfdak cfdg {o {ha @ikkba Fjat" in }fs{idqbfs {o tqdh fq{host ft Zfb{as |on kas

\ojabzaika fnk Zoblsf` |on Atdhancfdh. [ha Nicabqnjanbiak" zhota fq{hos it no{ gnozn" it

fbto f `feos don{sicq{ion {o Jas`fn bi{asf{qsa. [haobojifn Bq{has" zho {sfntbf{ak {ha Cicba

in{o Jas`fn" it zikaby dsaki{ak los hf|inj ta{ {ha cftit los òkasn #Hijh Jas`fn# bfnjqfja.

[ha òt{by fkìsak Jas`fn }oa{t fnk fq{host fsa zi{hoq{ koqc{ Joa{ha fnk Tdhibbas" ft zabb

ft Haina fnk" in {ha 3={h dan{qsy" Nocab }siua zinnast Cas{obk Csadh{ fnk Jn{as Jsftt. O{has

fq{host indbqka Hatta" @fnn" Cbb fnk Hfnt @fjnqt Anuantcasjas. Jas`fny*t inlbqanda on

zosbk }hiboto}hy zft `feos ft zabb" ft axa`}biliak cy Baicniu" Gfn{" Hajab" @fsx" Anjabt"

Tdho}anhfqas" Nia{utdha fnk Haikajjas.

In {ha liabk ol `qtid" Jas`fny*t inlbqanda it no{ak {hsoqjh {ha zosgt ol Cfdh" Caa{ho|an"

Csfh`t" Tdhq`fnn" Osll fnk Zfjnas.

In {ha fs{t" {hasa fsa ta|asfb lina Jas`fn }fin{ast tqdh ft {ha Sanfittfnda fs{it{ Ksas" {ha

so`fn{idit{ Lsiaksidh" {ha tqssafbit{ Asnt{" {ha ax}sattionit{ `fsd" {ha donda}{qfb fs{it{ Caqyt os

{ha nao ax}sattionit{ Cftabi{u. Fsdhi{ad{qsa fbto lboqsithak in Jas`fny. Ta|asfb QNATDO Zosbk


19/52

Hasi{fja Ti{at fsa tdf{{asak {hsoqjhoq{ Jas`fny (indbqkinj" los int{fnda" {ha df{haksfb ol

Dobojna fnk {ha @qtaq` Itbfnk in Casbin). Lfòqt fsdhi{ad{t indbqka naodbfttidit{ Tdhingab fnk

Jso}iqt" {ha loqnkas ol {ha Cfqhfqt.

Jas`fny zft fbto {ha hoàbfnk ol tdian{it{t biga Cob{u`fnn" Hab`hob{u" Lsfqnholas"

Lfhsanhai{" Ga}bas" Hfadgab" Hq`cobk{" Aint{ain" Cosn" ]bfndg" Haitancasj" Dsaqulabk{" Has{u"

Godh" Hfhn" Baicniu" Biacij fnk Cqntan7 fnk in|an{ost fnk anjinaast tqdh ft Jq{ancasj" O{{o"

Tiaànt" Csfqn" Kfi`bas" Canu fnk Kiatab.

I`}os{fn{ `f{ha`f{idifnt zasa cosn in Jas`fny tqdh ft Cattab" Aqbas" Jfqtt" Hibcas{" Efdoci"

Sia`fnn fnk Zaiast{sftt.

@fny hit{osidfb lijqsat" {hoqjh no{ di{iuant ol Jas`fny in {ha òkasn tanta" zasa i`}os{fn{

fnk inlbqan{ifb lijqsat in Jas`fn dqb{qsa" tqdh ft Do}asnidqt (Go}asnigqt)"Zobljfnj F`fkaqt

@oufs{" Lsfnu Gflgf fnk T{alfn Uzaij.

[ha Jas`fn bfnjqfja zft onda {ha binjqf lsfndf ol dan{sfb" aft{asn fnk nos{hasn Aqso}a" fnk

in Aqso}a i{ it {ha tadonk òt{ }o}qbfs bfnjqfja fl{as Anjbith. Ft f losaijn bfnjqfja" Jas`fn it

{ha {hisk òt{ {fqjh{ zosbkzika. I{ it fbto {ha tadonk òt{ qtak bfnjqfja on {ha In{asna{. [ha

bfnjqfja hft i{t osijin in Obk Hijh Jas`fn. Jas`fny hfk {zo bfnjqfjat5 Hijh Jas`fn fnk Boz

Jas`fn" zhidhlso` f binjqit{id t{fnk}oin{zasa {zo killasan{ bfnjqfjat. Zhibt{ Hijh

Jas`fn zft tqcead{ {o {ha to-dfbbak dontonfn{ thil{" Boz Jas`fn zft no{. [okfy*t t{fnkfsk

bfnjqfja it cftak on Hijh Jas`fn sf{has {hfn Boz Jas`fn7 {ha bf{{as hft caan ji|an {ha

t{f{qt ol f ìnosi{y bfnjqfja cy {ha Aqso}afn Qnion" fb{hoqjh i{ it batt qtak {okfy in {ha

{sfki{ionfbby Boz Jas`fn-t}afginj fsaft ol nos{hasn Jas`fny.

T{f}ba lookt ol Jas`fn

@af{

]osg" caal" fnk }oqb{sy fsa {ha `fin |fsia{iat ol àf{ dontqàk in Jas`fny" zi{h }osg cainj {ha òt{

}o}qbfs. [ha f|asfja }aston in Jas`fny zibb dontqà q} {o


20/52

Csf{zqst{" qtqfbby `fka ol jsoqnk }osg fnk t}idat" {ha Zianas" zhidh `fy ca }osg os }osg/caal fnk it

tògak fnk lqbby doogak in f zf{as cf{h" fnk Cbq{zqst{ os Tdhzfsuzqst{ `fka lso` cbook (ol{an ol

}ijt os jaata). [hasa fsa bi{asfbby {hoqtfnkt ol {y}at ol dobk dq{t. Sajionfb t}adifb{iat" tqdh ft {ha

@ndhnas Zaizqst{ }o}qbfs in Cf|fsif" dfn fbto ca loqnk lso` fbb sajiont ol {ha doqn{sy.

Lith[soq{ it {ha òt{ do`òn lsathzf{as lith on {ha Jas`fn ànq7 }iga" dfs}" fnk Aqso}afn }asdh fbto

fsa bit{ak lsavqan{by. Taflook {sfki{ionfbby zft sat{sid{ak {o {ha nos{hasn doft{fb fsaft" axda}{ los

}idgbak hassinj" ol{an tas|ak ft Sobbò}t (f }idgbak hassinj libba{ sobbak in{o f dybinksidfb thf}a fsoqnk f

}iada ol }idgbak jhasgin os onion) os Csf{hasinj (lsiak" `fsinf{ak hassinj). [okfy `fny taf lith" biga

lsath hassinj" {qnf" `fdgasab" tfbòn fnk tfskinat fsa zabb at{fcbithak {hsoqjhoq{ {ha doqn{sy. ]sios {o

{ha inkqt{sifb sa|obq{ion fnk {ha antqinj }obbq{ion ol {ha si|ast" tfbòn zasa do`òn in {ha si|ast ol

Shina" Abca" fnk Okas.

\aja{fcbat

\aja{fcbat fsa ol{an qtak in t{azt os |aja{fcba toq}t" cq{ fsa fbto tas|ak ft f tika kith. Dfsso{t"

{qsni}t" t}infdh" }aft" cafnt" csoddobi fnk `fny {y}at ol dfccfja fsa |asy do`òn. Lsiak oniont fsa f

do`òn fkki{ion {o `fny àf{ kithat {hsoqjhoq{ {ha doqn{sy. Ft}fsfjqt" at}adifbby zhi{a ft}fsfjqt

gnozn in Anjbith ft t}fsjab ({ha Jas`fn nfà los ft}fsfjqt)" it f do`òn tika kith os `fy ca

}sa}fsak ft f `fin kith. Sat{fqsfn{t zibb toà{iàt ka|o{a fn an{isa ànq {o no{hinj cq{ zhi{a

ft}fsfjqt zhan i{ it in tafton. T}fsjab tafton (Jas`fn5 T}fsjabuai{ os T}fsjabtfiton) {sfki{ionfbby

cajint in ìk-@fy fnk ankt on T{. Eohn*t Kfy (3; Eqna).

Sajionfb Dqitinat ol Jas`fn

Dqitinat loqnk fbb o|as Jas`fny killas in toà zfyt ka}ankinj on {ha sajion" no{ onby cadfqta olkillasan{ dso}t jsozinj on las{iba bfnkt" cq{ cadfqta ol {sfki{iont fnk dqb{qsa {hf{ hf|a tqllasak

killasandat fbonj {ha doqsta ol {ià fnk hit{osy.

In toq{hasn }fs{t ol Jas`fny" dqitina indbqkat dso}t f|fibfcba nafs {ha Cbfdg losat{ sajiont" injsakian{t

cftak on {hf{ {y}a ol fjsidqb{qsa. T}adilid àfbt in {hata fsaft fsa tnfib dhozkas lbf|osak zi{h hasct"

Caal soft{ t{azak zi{h zina fnk f {y}idfb Cbfdg losat{ dfga.

In Cf|fsif {ha `fin abaàn{t in bodfbt kia{ fsa caas" killasan{ gink ol àf{t" fnk kfisy }sokqd{t.

T}fnnlasgab soft{ak cfcy }ij" Hfnkgfat" f {y}idfb òbkak dhaata zi{h toqs dsaf`" fnk Tdhzfacitdha

Gftat}fa{uba" kq`}binjt {o}}ak zi{h dhaata fnk cq{{as fsa {ha `fin kithat tas|ak los kinnas. In

Csaàn fnk Tfxonifn sajiont yoq zibb kalini{aby link dfga zi{h f ti`}ba lbf{ bfyas do|asak zi{h taftonfblsqi{" fnk {ha Zablant}aita (|fnibbf lbf|osak kattas{ `fka zi{h zina). In sajiont nafscy Hf`cqsj" àf{

in ft}id `fka zi{h lith jabf{in it f kabidf{at zos{h {syinj {o {ft{a" ft zabb ft {ha Habjobfnk thsi`} tfbfk

os }idgbak ajjt. In fsaft o}anak {o {ha Cfb{id Taf" bfsja |fsia{y ol taflook kithat fsa f|fibfcba" doogak in

t}adilid {sfki{ionfb zfyt" `finby jsibbak fnk taftonak zi{h }a}}as" baòn fnk jfsbid.


21/52

In {ha àfn{ià o{has {sfki{ionfb Jas`fn kithat biga Aitcain (gnqdgba ol }osg) zi{h tfqasgsfq{ os jsibbak

gnqdgba ol }osg" zhidh fsa fbto zabb-gnozn fcsofk" dfn onby tabko` ca loqnk on Jas`fn bqndh {fcbat.

[ha lf{{aninj lookt zhidh losàsby zasa òt{by af{an kqsinj {ha hfsk zin{as {ià {o t{fnk {hf{ {ià ol

yafs hf|a bot{ {hais osijinfb }qs}ota. To cy noz i{ it }otticba {hf{ yoq dfn link Jas`fnt zho hf|a na|as

af{an fny{hinj biga {hf{ in {hais bila. @fny {sfki{ionfb Jas`fn kithat fsa onby tas|ak on t}adifb

oddftiont noz" biga Dhsit{`ft os Aft{as" fnk losaijn t}adifb{iat tq}}baàn{ {ha {sfki{ionfb Jas`fn

àfbt.

Avqi}àn{ los Jas`fn Dooginj

Zhan yoq }bfn on dooginj in Jas`fn `fnnas" yoq zibb ca in naak ol f bo{ ol }o{t fnk tas|inj t}oont"

t}f{qbft" losgt" {qsnast" tdsf}ast fnk {onjt. Cij }o{t {hf{ dfn ca }bfdak o|as o}an lisat fsa t}adilid {o

{hit dqitina. Fbto" cfginj }o{t fnk kithat fsa |asy }o}qbfs in {ha Jas`fn dqitina" tinda f bo{ ol àfbt fsa

}sa}fsak in {ha o|an sf{has {han on f abad{sid lisa. Dasfìd kithat fnk }bf{at zi{h lbosfb katijn fsa

sa}satan{f{i|a los f Jas`fn dqitina" fnk {hasa fsa fbto zookan t}f{qbft {hf{ fsa lsavqan{by qtak in {ha

dooginj }sodatt. Look }sodattost" ìxast" jsinkast fnk t}bf{{ast fsa ol jsaf{ q{ibi{y in {hit dqitina"at}adifbby in {ha Tfqtfja `fginj }sodatt" fnk los jsf{inj hfsk donkiàn{t biga cbfdg }a}}as os

dinnfòn. Kaa} tas|inj kithat fsa savqisak los {ha {sfki{ionfb Jas`fn toq}t. Yoq naak {o dontikas

do|as bikt fnk intqbf{ak look dfssiast {o gaa} {ha {a`}asf{qsa ol {ha look dont{fn{" il yoq }bfn on

tas|inj {ha kithat f{ {hais o}{iìuak {a`}asf{qsa.


22/52

T}fin (T}fnith Dqitina)

T}fnith dqitina dontit{t ol f |fsia{y ol kithat" zhidh t{a` lso` killasandat in jaojsf}hy" dqb{qsa fnk

dbi`f{a. I{ it haf|iby inlbqandak cy taflook f|fibfcba lso` {ha zf{ast {hf{ tqssoqnk {ha doqn{sy" fnk

salbad{t {ha doqn{sy*t kaa} `fsi{ià soo{t. T}fin*t ax{anti|a hit{osy zi{h `fny dqb{qsfb inlbqandat hftbak {o fn fssfy ol qnivqa dqitinat zi{h bi{asfbby {hoqtfnkt ol sadi}at fnk lbf|ost. I{ it fbto sanoznak los

i{t hafb{h canali{t fnk lsath injsakian{t" ft @aki{assfnafn kia{.

Hit{osy

Cadfqta ol T}fint ax{anti|a hit{osy fnk `fny dqb{qsfb inlbqandat {hf{ hf|a fllad{ak i{t a|obq{ion fbonj

{ha doqsta ol {ià" {ha af{inj hfci{t fnk sadi}at hf|a fbto caan inlbqandak in f |fsia{y ol los`t" bafkinj

{o f do`}bax dqitina {hf{ tf{itliat fbb {ft{at. Zi{h bi{asfbby {hoqtfnkt ol sadi}at" {ha T}fnith dqitina

canalidif{ak tinda fndian{ {iàt ol f tasiat ol }sokqd{t fnk àsdhfnkitinj jookt {hf{ zasa {sfnt}os{ak

fdsott {ha @aki{assfnafn sajion. [ha Zhaf{ zft ona ol tqdh cftid abaàn{t los dooginj" fnk zft

csoqjh{ lso` Fvqi{fina in {ha nos{h ol {ha }anintqbf in tfà }asiok zhan `qthsoo`t hfk cadoà

}o}qbfs in {ha sajion. T}fin it f zabb gnoz doqn{sy los i{t {ft{y zinat {hf{ jo |asy zabb zi{h killasan{

àfbt. Zina fnk {ha |i{idqb{qsa zasa list{ in{sokqdak {o {ha }anintqbf cy {ha Jsaagt f{ {ha {ià zhan

{ha So`fn A`}isa zft fbsafky }sfd{idinj {ha |i{idqb{qsa fnk zina zft f }o}qbfs {hinj in {hais sajion.

T}fin it {ha doqn{sy zhasa Tfnjsif hfk ka|abo}ak ft fn fb{asnf{i|a {o f ti`}ba jsf}a-zina. Tfnjsif it

fd{qfbby f }qndh zina {hf{ it `fka killasan{by fddoskinj {o {ha sajion zhasa i{ it loqnk.

obi|a oib it f `feos cftit los dooginj" a|an {hoqjh donkiàn{t fnk t}idat zasa no{ f kalinak cftid

abaàn{ ol {ha fndian{ T}fnith dqitina" {hinj ga}{ in {okfyt T}fnith dqitina ft zabb.

Ona dfn link killasan{ |fsia{iat ol look in killasan{ sajiont ol T}fin. [ha cat{-gnozn sadi}at ol

Cfsdabonf fsa t{azt" ft Bf atdqkabbf i dfsn k*obbf" `fka ol |aja{fcbat" sida" nookbat fnk }o{f{oat" Dodiko

don eqkift cbfndft" ol Cq{ilfssf (f {y}idfb sajionfb Tfqtfja)" ]ibo{f (f }sa}fsf{ion ol Caal)" csafk" ajjt

fnk zhi{a cafnt" Lf|at f bf df{fbfnf" Co{ilfssf f`c ònea{at fnk Fssou f bf dfuqabf" f kith tiìbfs {o {ha

lfòqt #]fabbf \fbandifnf#.

Lith t}adifbi{iat fsa #Ufsuqabf#" f kith `fka ol Dq{{balith" `qttabt fnk }sfzn" fnk #Bf O}asf#" i{t òsa

bqxqsioqt |astion fkkak zi{h boct{as.

[y}idfb kattas{t fsa dsa`f Df{fbfnf" @ab i `f{o (ol dqskt fnk honay)" fnk {ha ]ot{sa kab @qtido(#kattas{ ol {ha `qtidifn#) zi{h }ina-gasnabt fnk sfitint. Zhan i{ doàt {o {ha zinat" sak zinat lso`

]asfbkf" Fbabbf" ]siosf{ fnk [fssfjonf" zhi{a zinat lso` ]anakt fnk ol doqsta {ha lfòqt Df|f

(t}fsgbinj zina). In Tfn{ifjo" òt{ {y}idfb it lith" zhidh it f|fibfcba in ax{sfoskinfsy vqfbi{y. [ha Tfin{

Efdoc*t Thabb" \iasf fnk ]qb}o bf Jfbbajf" Dq{{balith }sa}fsak zi{h }f}sigf fsa {ha list{ dhoida ol {ha

|iti{ost. Fno{has zabb-gnozn kith it A`}fnfkf Jfbbajf" f }ia ol lith" àf{ os |aja{fcbat.


23/52

Zhan {fbginj fcoq{ tzaa{t" [fs{f Do`}ot{abfnf" f {fs{ ol fbònkt" it òt{ lfòqt. [ha zinat t}adifbby

Sicaiso it |asy yoqnj fnk lsath. O{has look ona dfn no{ losja{ {o {sy fsa Lalifnat" Ca{fnuot" Sotfb"

\fbkaossft" Qbbf fnk F`fnki.

In Cqsjot i{ it {ha lsath dhaata zi{h tbijh{ jof{-ìbg-lbf|os" dfbbak #Vqato ka Cqsjot#" dontikasak {o ca

òt{ }o}qbfs look {hsoqjhoq{ {ha T}fin. O{has kabidioqt lookt fsa Soft{ak Bf`c" dho}}ak ]osg" cbook}qkkinj" sak cafnt (dfbbak Icaft) fnk ho{}o{.

Toà ol {ha zabb gnozn sadi}a ona dfn aneoy in fny ol {ha t}fnnith sat{fqsfn{ fsa5 F [zo Doqsta sida -

(Fssou Fcfnkf)" Fdai{qnft Don @oeo" Fiobi Tfqda (T}fin)" Feocbfndo" Fbconkijft" Fbconkijft (@af{cfbbt)"

Fbb-i-Obi zi{h ajj Yobgt" Fbb-i-Obi zi{h @qt{fsk" Fbb-i-Obi zi{h {o`f{oat Tfqdat" fbònk Dfga - ([fs{f Ka

Fbànksft)" fbònk Doogiat i - (Fbànksfkot)" fbònk Doogiat ii - (Fbànksfkot)" fbònk T}onjadfga -

(Ciudodho Ka Fbànksft)" Fndho|iat" Fnkfbqtifn Dhidgan os ]obbo Fnkfbqu zi{h sida fnk ]aft" Df{fbfn

]aftfn{ Toq} - (Atdqkabbf Ka ]fjat)" Df{fbfn Soft{ - (Sqt{iko f Bf Df{fbfnf)" Df{fbfn Tfbfk - (Antfbfkf

Df{fbfnf)" Df{fbfn {o`f{o Csafk - (]f F`c [o`fvqa{) a{d.

Dqitinat ol T}fin

[ha |fsia{y ol kithat {hf{ T}fint dqitina hft it salbad{ak killasan{by in afdh ol T}fint sajion. In {ha

nos{h }fs{ ol T}fin" f àf{-cftak kia{" sidh in fni`fb lf{t it òsa bigaby {o ca loqnk" zhiba ft in {ha

toq{h }fs{" f @aki{assfnafn inlbqanda it no{idafcba in {ha t}adilid kithat doogak in {hata sajiont. In {ha

}so|indat ol Ddasat fnk Cfkfeou" sajion fbto dfbbak Ax{sa`fkqsf" {ha `fin dhfsfd{asit{id kith it {ha obbf

}oksikf" zhidh it cftidfbby f t{az `fka ol Cfdon" lozb" Hf` fnk fbb gink ol àf{t fnk |aja{fcbat.

Dhaatat" indbqkinj {ha {os{f Kab dftfs" fnk {ha }i{fssf zina fsa fbto gnoz los {hit sajion. In {ha Nf|fssf

sajion" {ha t{azt fsa fbto f do`òn {hinj" at}adifbby |aja{fcba onat" fnk fbto in {hata }fs{t ol {ha

doqn{sy {hasa dfn ca loqnk f t}adilid gink ol }a}}ast" {ha }ivqibbo" zhidh fsa qtqfbby t{qllak zi{h àf{

fnk doogak in {ha o|an. Bf Sioef sajion it |asy zabb gnozn fbb o|as {ha zosbk los {ha Sioef zinat. Fbto"|aja{fcba toq}t fsa f do`òn {hinj in {hit sajion. Tfnjsif it f zina }qndh {hf{ dfn ca loqnk in fbb

T}fint }fs{t. In toq{hasn T}fin" tfnjsf it fbto dfbbak uqssf fnk it }sa}fsak lso` }afdhat os nad{fsinat.

In {ha @fksik sajion ol T}fin" {ha òt{ do`òn kith it {ha Dodiko @fksibano" zhidh it f Dhidg}af t{az

{hf{ it tas|ak zi{h zinat lso` Nf|fbdfsnaso.

Avqi}àn{ los T}fnith Dooginj

Los f T}fnith dbfttid àfb" yoq zibb kalini{aby naak f bo{ ol }o{t fnk tas|inj t}oont" t}f{qbft" losgt"

{qsnast" tdsf}ast fnk {onjt. Fbto" kaa} lsyinj }fnt fsa f `qt{. Yoq naak {ha` {o doog fbb gink ol àf{

los {hota t}adifb T}fnith t{azt. Kaa} tas|inj kithat fsa savqisak los {ha T}fnith toq}t. Yoq naak {o

dontikas do|as bikt fnk intqbf{ak look dfssiast {o gaa} {ha {a`}asf{qsa ol {ha look dont{fn{" il yoq }bfn

on tas|inj {ha kithat f{ {hais o}{iìuak {a`}asf{qsa. Cadfqta ol {ha lfd{ {hf{ {ha t{azt fnk {ha toq}t

ja{ dobk safbby lft{" fnk cadfqta yoq hf|a {o }q{ {ha àf{t intika {ha coibinj }fnt f{ {ha sijh{

{a`}asf{qsa" f {hasòà{as zoqbk ca f zita dhoida los yoq {o fdvqisa in yoqs T}fnith gi{dhan. @ot{

T}fnith kithat kon{ savqisa yoq {o }qsdhfta fny t}adifb {oobt. Hoza|as" hf|inj f dollaa jsinkas hab}t

zi{h soft{inj fnk jsinkinj t}idat fnk `fxiìuat {hais |obf{iba oibt" zhidh" in {qsn" }so|ikat yoqs look

zi{h òsa lbf|os.


24/52

]os{qjfb (]os{qjqata Dqitina)

]os{qjqata dqitina it dhfsfd{asitak cy sidh" libbinj fnk lqbb-lbf|osak kithat fnk it dbotaby sabf{ak {o

@aki{assfnafn dqitina. [ha inlbqanda ol ]os{qjfb*t losàs dobonifb }ottattiont it fbto no{fcba" at}adifbby

in {ha zika |fsia{y ol t}idat qtak. [hata t}idat indbqka }isi }isi (t`fbb" liasy dhibi }a}}ast) fnk cbfdg}a}}as" ft zabb ft dinnfòn" |fnibbf fnk tfllson. Obi|a oib it ona ol {ha cftat ol ]os{qjqata dqitina co{h

los dooginj fnk lbf|oqsinj àfbt. Jfsbid it zikaby qtak" ft fsa hasct tqdh ft dosifnkas fnk }fstbay.

Csafglft{ it {sfki{ionfbby eqt{ dollaa os ìbg fnk f csafk sobb zi{h cq{{as" ef`" dhaata os hf`. Bqndh"

ol{an bft{inj o|as fn hoqs it tas|ak ca{zaan noon fnk 3 o*dbodg os ca{zaan 6 fnk 4 o*dbodg" fnk kinnas

it janasfbby tas|ak bf{a" fsoqnk os fl{as 8 o*dbodg. [hasa fsa {hsaa `fin doqstat" bqndh fnk kinnas

qtqfbby indbqka toq}. F do`òn toq} it dfbko |aska zi{h }o{f{o" thsakkak gfba" fnk dhqngt ol dhoqsio

tfqtfja. Fònj lith sadi}at" cfdfbhfq (dok) kithat fsa }as|fti|a. [ha òt{ {y}idfb kattas{t fsa sida

}qkkinj (kadosf{ak zi{h dinnfòn) fnk dfsfàb dqt{fsk" cq{ {hay fbto ol{an indbqka f |fsia{y ol

dhaatat. [ha òt{ do`òn |fsia{iat fsa `fka lso` thaa} os jof{*t ìbg" fnk indbqka {ha vqaieo kf

tassf lso` {ha sajion ol Tassf kf At{sabf. F }o}qbfs }ft{sy it {ha }ft{ab ka nf{f" f t`fbb dqt{fsk {fs{

t}singbak zi{h dinnfòn.

Hit{osy

]os{qjfb aneoyt toà ol {ha òt{ }baftfn{ dbi`f{at in Aqso}a" zi{h i{t òkasf{a zaf{has" |fbbayt

}so{ad{ak lso` hfsth zinkt fnk fn fcqnkfnda ol lith co{h on {ha odafn doft{ fnk inbfnk. [ha nf{qsfb

fcqnkfnda ol {ha bfnk `fka ]os{qjfb f {fsja{ los `fny in|fkinj nf{iont. Kqsinj {ha @oosith

oddq}f{ion in {ha 8{h dan{qsy fjsidqb{qsa ka|abo} dontikasfcby. Issijf{ion {adhnivqat zasa tqddattlqbby

qtak on zinasiat fnk obi|a dqb{qsat fnk {ha coqn{y ol {ha bfnk zft ax}boi{ak in f sf{ionfb fnk allad{i|a

zfy. In 6;98" \ftdo kf Jf`f kitdo|asak {ha `fsi{ià soq{a bafkinj {o {ha {sfka ol t}idat lso` {ha

Ftifn don{inan{. T}idat fnk hasct tqdh ft }a}}as" jinjas" dqssy" tfllson fnk }f}sigf zasa in{sokqdak cy

]os{qjqata {sfkast fnk ax}bosast in{o Aqso}a" fnk" ol doqsta" tqdh t}idat cadfà fn i`}os{fn{ }fs{ ol

{ha ]os{qjqata dqitina. [ha ]os{qjqata fbto csoqjh{ sida fnk {af lso` {ha Osian{ fnk dollaa lso`

Flsidf" {oja{has zi{h killasan{ }bfn{t lso` {ha Naz Zosbk" tqdh ft }a}}ast" {o`f{oat fnk }o{f{oat.

]os{qjfbt dqitina zft fnk t{ibb it jsaf{by inlbqandak cy {ha naijhcosinj odafn. [ha òt{ }o}qbfs toq} in

]os{qjfb it {ha #dfbko |aska#" fnk ksiak doklith" #cfdfbhfq it f do`òn àfb los {ha ]os{qjqata. O{has

lith tqdh ft {ha sak `qbba{ (#tfbòna{a#)" {ha tzosklith (#at}fkfs{a#) fnk {ha donjas aab (#aisou#) link

{hais t}adifb }bfda in kabidioqt ]os{qjqata kithat" {oja{has zi{h {ha fbb }o}qbfs tfskinat.

T{f}ba Look ol ]os{qjfb

Lso` {ha }bfint ol Fban{aeo {o {ha Fbjfs|a doft{" fnk on {o {ha òqn{fint ol Caisf Fb{f" {ha dqitina ol

]os{qjfb ollast qt f sfsa o}}os{qni{y {o ax}bosa {ha zafb{h fnk t}isi{ ol f nf{ion {hsoqjh i{t bo|a ol look.


25/52

@af{

@af{" ol{an }osg" it fn attan{ifb injsakian{ in `fny ]os{qjqata sadi}at. Dhidgan it fbto qtak lsavqan{by"

fnk {o f battas kajsaa" caal" {qsgay" |afb" bf`c" gik (yoqnj jof{)" fnk sfcci{.

A|an toà ]os{qjqata kattas{t `fga dsaf{i|a qta ol àf{t ft {hidganast" fnk lith kithat fsa ol{an

doogak in }osg bfsk os {o}}ak zi{h àf{. [hit koatn*{ nadattfsiby àfn bfsja }os{iont ol àf{. [hidg

toq}t fnk t{azt don{fininj csafk fnk |aja{fcbat fsa do`òn {hsoqjhoq{ ]os{qjfb fnk laf{qsa àf{t

{o |fsyinj kajsaat.

Lith

]os{qjfb hft f bonj doft{bina fnk f }fttion los taflook {hf{ indbqkat {qnf" tfskinat" tzosklith" dok" taf

}asdh" thsi`}" dsfc" dbf`t" od{o}qt fnk aab. Fb{hoqjh {ha lithinj inkqt{sy in ]os{qjfb it qnkasjoinj f

sanfittfnda" {ha tq}}by ol lsath taflook koatn*{ àa{ {ha ka`fnk fnk it ol{an i`}os{ak.

Ona dsi{idfb i`}os{ it ksiak" tfb{ak dok" {ha tijnf{qsa kith ol ]os{qjfb. Naz salsijasf{ion {adhnivqat

hf|an{ fllad{ak {ha }o}qbfsi{y ol {hit ksiak lith. [ha dok it tzaa{as fnk òsa lbf|oslqb fl{as tfb{inj" fnk

{hasa fsa òsa tfb{ak dok sadi}at in ]os{qjfb {hfn {hasa fsa baf|at on {ha {saat {hasa. Tfb{ak dok it

i`}os{ak lso` sidh lithinj jsoqnkt in Idabfnk" Noszfy" Dfnfkf" Nazloqnkbfnk" Kan`fsg fnk No|f

Tdo{if.

Hasct fnk T}idat

Hasct fnk t}idat do`òn in ]os{qjqata dooginj indbqka5 }fstbay" ho{ dhibi }ozkas" dhibi oib (}isi-}isi)"

dqìn" sota`fsy" ìn{" osajfno" cfy bafl" tfllson" lannab" dosifnkas" dinnfòn" dbo|at" }a}}as" dqssy

}ozkas" nq{àj" }f}sigf" fnk ol doqsta" jfsbid. [hay salbad{ ]os{qjfb*t taflfsinj hit{osy ft zabb ft i{t

dbota }soxiì{y {o T}fin.

Csafkt

Zhaf{ fnk dosn csafkt fsa }o}qbfs in ]os{qjfb" fnk csafk it tas|ak zi{h fbòt{ a|asy àfb. I{*t no{

qnqtqfb {o taa f tbida ol csafk qtak ft f }bf{a" fnk toà ol {ha òt{ }o}qbfs toq}t ol ]os{qjfb qta

csafk ft f `feos injsakian{&

Dhaatat

Sidh bodfb dhaatat" {y}idfbby `fga zi{h jof{ os aza*t ìbg" fsa lsavqan{by tas|ak ft host k*oaq|sat zi{h

dsqt{y csafk fnk lsath lsqi{. Fb{hoqjh dhaata it ol{an qtak ft fn fddo`}fniàn{ {o f àfb" i{ it batt

do`ònby indbqkak zi{hin f kith.

Kattas{t fnk ]ft{siatTzaa{t fsa to }siuak {hf{ {hay fsa toà{iàt ollasak ft àfbt in {ha`tab|at los csafglft{" bqndh" os ft

f bfuy fl{asnoon sa}ft{. Dinnfòn it f lf|osi{a lbf|osinj in ]os{qjqata kattas{t" ft it fbònk }ft{a fnk

honay. Ajj yobgt fnk tqjfs fsa fbto qtak bicasfbby {o `fga {hata tzaa{ inkqbjandat.

T}isi{t fnk Ca|asfjat

Yoq hf|a }socfcby hafsk ol ]os{qjqata ]os{ fnk @fkaisf" cq{ sajionfb zinat fnk caast fsa fbto

do`òn" fnk sidh dollaa it dontikasak f t{f}ba.


26/52

[ha ]os{qjqata fsa f }ao}ba zho ax}satt bo|a" lfi{h fnk lsiankthi} {hsoqjh {hais dooginj. ]os{iont fsa

bfsja" fnk jqat{t fsa fbzfyt zabdoà f{ {ha {fcba. Inkqbjinj it andoqsfjak" fnk il {hasa fsa bal{o|ast" to

`qdh {ha ca{{as7 {hasa zibb ca fno{has kith {o `fga zi{h {ha` {oòssoz.

Dqitinat ol ]os{qjfb

Cy Jaojsf}hid Fsaf fnk T{yba5 [ha dqitina {y}at loqnk in ]os{qjfb fsa no{ ft dbafsby kalinak ft {hota

cabonjinj {o o{has doqn{siat. Ol doqsta" {hasa fsa killasandat ca{zaan doft{fb fsaft fnk o{has fsaft

ti{qf{ak inbfnk" cq{ {ha kitdsa}fndiat fsa t`fbb fnk hfsk {o no{ida. Hoza|as" za dfn octas|a in

]os{qjqata dqitina ta|asfb inlbqandat {hf{ dfà lso` {ha nqàsoqt fsaft {ha ]os{qjqata ax}bosast hfk

kitdo|asak" fnk" in `fny dftat donvqasak. T{sonj inlbqandat dfn ca no{idak ca{zaan {ha ]os{qjqata

fnk {ha Csfuibifn dqitina" fnk {hasa fsa ta|asfb do`òn kithat tqdh ft laieofkf" f {sfki{ionfb fnjobfn"

csfuibifn" }os{qjqata kith os dfbkaisfkf (lith t{az). Inkifn dqitina inlbqandat fsa fbto lab{ in {ha]os{qjqata dqitina" òt{by cadfqta ol {ha }so|inda ol Jof" ti{qf{ak in {ha toq{hzat{asn }fs{ ol Inkif.

Killasan{ t}ida fnk taftoninj do`cinf{iont fsa no{idak in {ha ]os{qjqata dqitina" tqdh ft qtinj jfsbid

fnk |inajfs {oja{has. [ha qtqfbby ìbk {ft{at ol doft{fb dqitinat fsa do`cinak zi{h {ha kabidioqt }ozas

ol dhibi }a}}ast. Axo{id t}idat fnk hasct fsa fbto lsavqan{by qtak in {ha ]os{qjqata dqitina.

Avqi}àn{ los ]os{qjqata Dooginj

@ot{ ]os{qjqata kithat kon{ savqisa yoq {o }qsdhfta fny t}adifb {oobt. Hoza|as" hf|inj f dollaa

jsinkas hab}t zi{h soft{inj fnk jsinkinj t}idat fnk `fxiìuat {hais |obf{iba oibt" zhidh" in {qsn" }so|ikat

yoqs look zi{h òsa lbf|os. @ot{ dooginj à{hokt hf|a f janasfb ta{ ol int{sqàn{t {hf{ naak {o ca

qtak" fnk {ha ]os{qjqata dqitina it no killasan{. Sfnjinj lso` dfga }fnt" dfn o}anast" dobfnkast" ajj

sinjt" }ofdhast fnk hobkast" look kithast , }os{ionast" look }fnt , look don{finast {o o{has gi{dhan

q{antibt" tqdh ft look tdfbat" look tdoo}t fnk lsyas cftga{t , fddattosiat" {ha ]os{qjqata dqitina naakt

f ki|asta dooginj avqi}àn{ ta{ in oskas {o }sokqda {ha òt{ to}hit{idf{ak ]os{qjqata kithat. Yoq

thoqbk dontikas intqbf{ak look dfssiast il yoq fsa {sfnt}os{inj {ha look fnk f lqbb ta{ ol gi{dhan binant

fnk qnilos`t il yoq zith {o boog biga f }so. Hasa fsa f laz o{has i{a`t {hf{ zibb doà hfnky zhiba

dooginj ]os{qjqata look5 eqidast" gi{dhan gni|at" gi{dhan tbidast" gi{dhan {hasòà{ast" àftqsinj dq}t

, àftqsinj t}oont" ìtdabbfnaoqt q{antibt" ìxinj cozbt fnk tgi`àst , t{sfinast. Attan{ifb q{antibt

biga tas|inj t}oont" t}f{qbft" losgt" {qsnast" tdsf}ast fnk {onjt thoqbk fbto ca }fs{ ol yoqs dooginj

avqi}àn{.


27/52

@axidfn Dqitina

@axidfn dqitina" f t{yba ol look {hf{ osijinf{at in @axido" it gnozn los i{t |fsiak lbf|ost" doboqslqb

kadosf{ion fnk |fsia{y ol t}idat fnk injsakian{t" `ot{ ol zhidh fsa nf{i|a {o {ha doqn{sy. [ha dqitina ol

@axido hft a|ob|ak {hsoqjh {hoqtfnkt ol yafst ol cbankinj inkijanoqt dqb{qsat" zi{h bf{as losaijnaba`an{t fkkak fl{as {ha 6


28/52


29/52


30/52

Fsfc dqitina

Fsfc dqitina it kalinak ft {ha |fsioqt sajionfb dqitinat t}fnninj {ha Fsfc Zosbk" lso` @osoddo fnk

[qnitif {o Tfqki Fsfcif" fnk indos}osf{inj Ba|fn{ina" Ajy}{ifn.

Hit{osy

Tfqki Fsfcifn Dqitina it {ha òt{ {sfki{ionfb ona {hf{ dfn ca loqnk jbocfbby. Yoq dfn i`àkif{aby {ft{a

{ha killasanda ca{zaan Tfqki Fsfcifn Dqitinat fnk {ha o{has dqitinat. [hasa hf|a caan {hsaa dhial

inlbqandat {hf{ hf|a òqbkak {ha Tfqki Fsfcifn dqitina fbonj tika {hais dqb{qsfb nos`t fnk |fbqat

ka}id{ak in {ha Tfqki Fsfcifn Dooginj {okfy. List{by {ha no`fkid Cakoqin inlbqanda" tadonkby {ha look

dont{sfin{t ji|an in {ha Hoby Coog ol Vqsfn" fnk bft{by {ha fndian{ Fsfcifn Koìnfnda ol {ha t}ida

soq{at.

[ha Tfqki Fsfcifnt hf|a inhasi{ak {hais dqb{qsfb nos`t fnk |fbqat lso` {ha no`fkid Cakoqin" zho hfk

dhasithak hot}i{fbi{y" janasoti{y" t{sanj{h" dhi|fbsy fnk bft{ cq{ no{ {ha baft{" honoqs. [hit it t{ibb

}sa|fban{ in Tfqki Fsfcif {okfy. F don{inqoqt lboz ol losaijnast {hf{ dfà zi{h {ha Fsfc koìnfnda ol

t}ida {sfka dan{qsiat fjo" fbto csoqjh{ fbonj zi{h {ha` toà ol {hais ozn dqb{qsfb |fbqat {hf{ {han

zasa a`cakkak in{o {ha Fsfc |fbqat ft zabb.

[ibb {hit kfy" {ha Tfqki Fsfcifn hot}i{fbi{y sa`fint qn`fssak. [hais obk {sfki{ion ol cainj doqs{aoqt {o

{hais jqat{t t{ibb axi{t. In Tfqki Fsfcif i{ it f do`òn dqt{o` {o fbboz los fn ax{sf }os{ion ol f dooginj

àfb" in oskas {o ca }sa}fsak los fn qn-dfbbak los jqat{. [hay fbto `fga tqsa {hf{ toà }fs{ ol {ha look

it bal{ o|as7 o{haszita {hay cabia|a {hf{ ona ìjh{ {hing {hf{ {ha jqat{ zft no{ lqbby tf{itliak. Los {ha

Fsfct i{ it f eoyoqt an{as{finàn{ {o tas|a {o {hais jqat{t fnk {hay dontikas i{ ft fn honoqs.

[ha Tfqki Fsfcifn dqitina it fbto inlbqandak cy {hais Hoby coog" [ha Vqsfn. [ha Vqsfn t{sid{by t{f{at {hf{

]osg àf{ it i`}qsa" hfbfb look it onby fbbozak fnk fbdohob it fbto t{sid{by loscikkan. [ha Fsfcid dollaa

fnk o{has lsqi{ ksingt fsa |asy }o}qbfs. [ha Cakoqin dollaa zhidh it tas|ak zi{hoq{ fny }satas|f{i|at os

tzaa{anast it f ca|asfja ol honoqs {hf{ it tas|ak {o {ha jqat{t. [ha dqt{o` ol tas|inj dollaa it

janasfbby gnozn ft jfzfh" zhidh it coqnk cy das{fin sqbat ol a{ivqa{{a.

Janqina Tfqki Fsfcifn look it no{ do`ònby loqnk in sat{fqsfn{t. [ha Tfqki Fsfcifn look it doogak

fnk af{an f{ hoà" ft dooginj fnk af{inj fsa toà ol {ha in{anta todifb fd{i|i{iat in Fsfcif.

Sajionfb Dqitinat ol Fsfc

[ha Ginjko` ol Tfqki Fsfcif it gnozn los i{t fcqnkfn{ {sfki{ionfb dqitinat" zhidh ìssos {ha ìx{qsa ol

{ha sajiont fnk {ha dqt{o`t ol {ha }ao}ba {hasa. @fny kithat {hf{ yoq zibb link in Tfqki Fsfcif fsa

`fka ol àf{" sida" Zhaf{" |aja{fcbat fnk t}idat. Fb-Gfctf it ona ol {ha òt{ }o}qbfs dqitinat {hf{ yoq

zibb link in Tfqki Fsfcif. I{ it doogak zi{h sak os zhi{a àf{ os Dhidgan in f }o{. sida it fbto indbqkak in

{ha dqitina. F hqja sfnja ol t}idat ft zabb ft tfbfkt dfn ca fkkak {o {ha dqitina. I{ it {hoqjh{ {o ca f

t{f}ba kith fbb {hsoqjh {ha Ginjko`.


31/52

[ha Tfqki Fsfcifn Dqitina it |asy |fsiak" cq{ it sidh fnk òsa dotò}obi{fn in {ha ]anintqbf {hfn in {ha

zat{asn }so|inda ol Hiefu. Zi{h {ha tqslfdinj ol Itbf` in {ha ta|an{h dan{qsy" `fny }ao}ba {sf|abbak

lso` }fs{t ol {ha doqn{sy {o @addf fnk @fkinfh los Hfee" lso` jsaf{as kit{fndat fnk in jsaf{as

nq`cast. Fbb {hata i`ìjsfn{t bal{ f hqja i`}fd{ on {ha dqt{o`t ol Hiefu" fnk {hf{ bak in{o {ha Hiefu

dqitina cadoìnj sidh. Noz in {ha òkasn {iàt" zi{h {ha indsaftinj òcibi{y zi{hin Tfqki Fsfcif" {ha

inlbqanda ol {ha Hiefu hft safdhak fbb }fs{t ol {ha sajiont ol {ha Ginjko`.

Ajy}{ - Ajy}{ifn dqitina it f |asy sidh dqitina {hf{ hft `fny qnivqa dqt{o`t. [hata dqt{o`t `fy fbto

|fsy zi{h in Ajy}{ i{tabl" los axf`}ba" in {ha doft{fb fsaft biga {ha doft{ ol {ha @aki{assfnafn fnk dfnfb

{ha kia{ ol {ha }ao}ba sabiat haf|iby on lith. In {ha òsa fjsidqb{qsa fsaft" {ha sabifnda on lfs` }sokqd{t

it `qdh haf|ias. Kqdgt" jaata" dhidgant" fnk si|as lith fsa {ha `fin fni`fb }so{ain toqsdat. Qnbiga {ha

tqssoqnkinj Fsfc dqitinat" zhidh }bfda haf|y a`}hftit on àf{" Ajy}{ifn dqitina it sidh in |aja{fsifn

kithat7 co{h ol {ha nf{ionfb kithat ol Ajy}{" Lqb @akfàt" [f*fìf (fbto gnozn in o{has doqn{siat ft

Lfbab) fnk gqthfsi" fsa janasfbby |aja{fsifn. Lsqi{t fsa fbto jsaf{by f}}sadif{ak in Ajy}{5 `fnjo" jsf}at"

cfnfnft" f}}bat" tydfòsa" jqf|f fnk }afdh fsa |asy }o}qbfs" at}adifbby cadfqta {hay fsa fbb

koàt{idfbby }sokqdak {hasalosa fsa f|fibfcba in sabf{i|aby boz }sidat.

@fjhsac - }idat fsa qtak ax{anti|aby in zat{asn Fsfc look. Don{sfsy {o {ha sat{ ol {ha Fsfc zosbk" {ha

òt{ do`òn sak àf{ it caal. Hoza|as" bf`c it t{ibb {ha àf{ ol dhoida" onby f|oikak kqa {o i{t hijhas

dot{. Kfisy }sokqd{t fsa qtak batt ax{anti|aby {hfn in o{has doqn{siat in {ha Fsfc zosbk. Fònj {ha òt{

lfòqt [qnitifn " @osoddfn fnk Fbjasifn kithat fsa doqtdoqt" }ft{ibbf (fbto t}abbak ct{aayf os cft{ibbf)"

{feina" {fneif fnk hfsisf. Fb{hoqjh {ha bf{{as it f toq}" i{ it dontikasak ft f kith in i{tabl fnk it tas|ak

fbona os zi{h kf{at" at}adifbby kqsinj {ha òn{h ol Sf`fkfn. [ha òt{ }o}qbfs ksing it jsaan {af zi{h

ìn{. [sfki{ionfbby" `fginj jook ìn{ {af in @osoddo fnk Fbjasif it dontikasak fn fs{ los`7 {ha ksinginj

ol i{ zi{h lsiankt fnk lfìby à`cast it ona ol {ha i`}os{fn{ si{qfbt ol {ha kfy. [ha {adhnivqa ol

}oqsinj {ha {af it ft dsqdifb ft i{t vqfbi{y. [ha {af it fddo`}fniak zi{h hfsk tqjfs donat os bq`}t.

To`fbif - To`fbi dqitina |fsiat lso` sajion {o sajion fnk dontit{t ol fn axo{id ìx{qsa ol nf{i|a To`fbi"

A{hio}ifn" Yaàni" ]astifn" [qsgith" Inkifn fnk I{fbifn dqbinfsy inlbqandat. I{ it {ha }sokqd{ ol To`fbif*t

sidh {sfki{ion ol {sfka fnk do`àsda. Fònj {ha lf|osi{a To`fbi kithat fsa5 Xfbzo (hfb|f)" f tzaa{

hfskanak eabby7 Toos" f tol{ dosnàfb `fthak zi{h lsath ìbg" cq{{as fnk tqjfs" fnk tas|ak zi{h `fsfv

(t{az)7 fnk Tf`cqqtf" f t`fbb lsiak }ft{y zi{h àf{ fnk |aja{fcba libbinj.

Tqkfn - In do`}fsiton {o i{t Nos{h Flsidfn fnk Ba|fn{ina naijhcost" {ha dqitina ol Tqkfn {ankt {o ca

janasoqt zi{h t}idat. [ha Tqkfnata dqitina hft f sidh |fsia{y in injsakian{t fnk dsaf{i|i{y. Ti`}ba

a|asykfy |aja{fcbat fsa qtak {o dsaf{a t{azt fnk oàba{{at {hf{ fsa hafb{hy ya{ nq{si{ioqt" fnk lqbb ol

anasjy fnk lbfsa. [hata t{azt fsa dfbbak in janasfb #@qbbfh#. To ona doqbk hf|a f uqddhini `qbbfh"t}infdh #Sijbfh# `qbbfh" a{d. Tqkfnata look int}isak {ha osijint ol Ajy}{ifn dqitina fnk A{hio}ifn

dqitina" co{h ol zhidh fsa |asy }o}qbfs in {ha Zat{asn zosbk. ]o}qbfs kithat indbqka5 Thfhfn lqb" lqb

àkfàt" hq``qt" Jqsftf fnk killasan{ {y}at ol tzaa{t. Janasfbby" {ha dqitina ol Tqkfn in {ha

nos{hasn hfbl ol {ha doqn{sy {ankt {o ca tq}asios fnk òsa lbf|oqsak {hfn {ha dqitina ol Ajy}{.


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Yaàni dqitina - [ha dqitina ol Yaàn it sf{has kit{ind{ lso` o{has Fsfc dqitinat. Biga òt{ o{has Fsfc

dqitinat" dhidgan fnk bf`c fsa af{an òsa ol{an {hfn caal. Lith it af{an òt{by in doft{fb fsaft.

Hoza|as" qnbiga òt{ Fsfc doqn{siat" dhaata" cq{{as fnk o{has kfisy }sokqd{t fsa batt do`òn"

at}adifbby in {ha di{iat fnk o{has qscfn fsaft. Ft zi{h o{has Fsfc dqitinat" {ha òt{ zikat}safk

ca|asfjat fsa {af fnk dollaa7 {af qtqfbby cainj zi{h dfskfò` os ìn{" fnk dollaa zi{h dfskfò`.

Gfsfgfkan" Nfva*a Fb Ufcic fnk Kicff fsa {ha òt{ zikat}safk dobk ca|asfjat.

Avqi}àn{ los Tfqki Fsfcifn Dooginj

[hasa it no ft tqdh t}adifb avqi}àn{ {hf{ yoq naak los Tfqki Fsfcifn Dooginj. Na|as{habatt" o|an los

cfginj {ha {sfki{ionfb Fsfc csafk it fbzfyt qtalqb. In {ha }ft{" zhan {hais zft f dqt{o` {o hf|inj

ax{ankak lfìbiat" qtqfbby {ha zoàn in {ha lfìby qtak {o {fga {qsnt in }oqnkinj zhaf{ zhidh zft f

bonj" fskqoqt fnk fn fs`-{isinj eoc. Nozfkfyt" hfsit it ol{an jsoqnk in look }sodattost" cq{ `fny

zoàn t{ibb }salas {o ko i{ in {ha {sfki{ionfb zfy" ft {hay cabia|a {hf{ {ha katisak sabifcibi{y dfn onby ca

fdhia|ak cy hfnk. O{has {hfn {hota do`òn dooginj avqi}àn{t biga f t{o|a" jsibbt fnk cafn

}sodattost los {ha {sfki{ionfb dollaa {hf{ {hay tas|a it naakak. Fb{hoqjh `fginj Tfqki Fsfcifn Dqitinatfsa hijhby {ià dontqìnj" ya{ no t}adifb avqi}àn{ it naak. A|an nos`fb non-t{idg }o{t fnk }fnt fsa

jook anoqjh {o `fga yoqs dooginj aftias


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Osian{fb Dqitina

Osian{fb dqitina dfn fd{qfbby salas {o |asy killasan{ t{ybat ol Ftifn dooginj ka}ankinj on {ha

nf{ion os fsaf. [ha Osian{fb tad{ion ol Ftif do|ast f hqja dhqng ol aft{asn Ftif gnozn ft {ha

Lfs Aft{" fnk {hqt ando`}fttat f zika sfnja ol dqbinfsy {sfki{iont. Zhf{ ìjh{ ca dfbbak

Osian{fb dooginj in ona nf{ion ìjh{ ca dontikasak toà{hinj abta in fno{has nf{ion.

Jaojsf}hy

o [ha jaojsf}hy ol {ha fsaf {hf{ `fgat q} #{ha Osian{# t{sa{dhat lso` aft{ Ticasiftoq{h fbb {ha zfy {o Inkonatif fnk indbqkat @onjobif" Ef}fn" Gosaf" \ia{nf`"

[hfibfnk fnk òt{ ol Dhinf. Osian{fb dqitina fbòt{ fbzfyt salast {o toà {y}a ol

Ftifn dooginj lso` {ha Lfs Aft{ sajion" abiìnf{inj òt{ kithat lso` Ticasif fnk

Inkonatif.

Dhinata Dqitina

o [hasa fsa `fny {y}at ol Dhinata dqitina" cadfqta killasan{ fsaft ol Dhinf dfnhf|a kit{ind{by killasan{ t{ybat ol dooginj. @fny {iàt zhan toàona in Aqso}a

os Fàsidf {hingt ol Osian{fb look" Dhinata look doàt {o ìnk" zi{h i{t qta ol

dhidgan" sida" |aja{fcbat" tfqdat fnk axo{id injsakian{t. Dhinata look vqfbiliat ft

f {y}a ol Osian{fb dqitina.

Ef}fnata Dqitina

o Ef}fnata dqitina fbto it f {y}a ol Osian{fb dqitina. Ef}fnata dqbinfsy {sfki{ion`fgat haf|y qta ol lith" ft zabb ft tqthi fnk o{has taflook. [hit dooginj hft f

|asy kit{ind{ {ft{a fnk t{yba do`}fsak {o `fny o{has {y}at ol Ftifn dooginj lso`

{ha Lfs Aft{ fsaf" cadfqta {hasa it batt lsyinj fnk òsa dfsalqb }sa}fsf{ion ol

t{afàk os a|an sfz lookt.

Gosafn Dqitina

o Gosafn dqitina it fno{has los` ol Ftifn dooginj {hf{ dfn lfbb qnkas {ha q`csabbf{as` ol Osian{fb dqitina. Gi`dhi" f |asy }o}qbfs kith" in|ob|at }q{{inj so{{inj

|aja{fcbat in f t{az fnk cqsyinj {ha t{az }o{ {o `fga i{ lasàn{. Sida" nookbat"tafzaak fnk tnfibt fsa fbto qtak in Gosafn dqitina" fnk Gosafnt* t}idy cfscadqa

it cajinninj {o df{dh on.


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Toq{haft{ Ftifn Dqitina

o Dqitina lso` Toq{haft{ Ftif fbto vqfbiliat ft Osian{fb look" zi{h [hfi fnk\ia{nfàta cainj {ha {zo {hf{ fsa òt{ zabb gnozn in Zat{asn nf{iont. \fsioqt

nookbat" dqssiat fnk ho{ t}idat hab} kit{injqith Toq{haft{ Ftifn dooginj lso` {hf{

ol toà ol {ha o{has Osian{fb nf{iont {hf{ `fga q} {ha Lfs Aft{.

Bodf{ion @f{{ast

o Zhiba Osian{fb dqitina it f csofk {as` {hf{ dfn do|as `fny t{ybat ol dooginj"zhf{ axfd{by lfbbt qnkas #Osian{fb# dfn fbto ka}ank on {ha bodf{ion. In `fny }fs{t

ol Ftif" {hasa fsa t{ibb fk|as{itaàn{t los #Ftifn look"# cq{ in Dhinf {hit ìjh{

àfn Gosafn os Ef}fnata look" zhiba in \ia{nf` i{ ìjh{ àfn Dhinata os

Ef}fnata look" fnk in Ef}fn i{ doqbk àfn [hfi os @onjobifn. Lso` {hf{

t{fnk}oin{" zhf{ axfd{by doqn{t ft #Osian{fb# in Ftif |fsiat cy doqn{sy.

[ha [hsaa Osian{fb Dqitina Fsaft

6. [ha Toq{h Zat{ - Inkif" ]fgit{fn" Tsi Bfngf" Cqs`f3. [ha Nos{h Aft{ - Dhinf" Gosaf" Ef}fn4. [ha Toq{h Aft{ - [hfibfnk" Bfot" Df`cokif" \ia{nf`" Inkonatif "@fbfytif" Tinjf}osa" Csqnai

Dqssiat fsa |asy i`}os{fn{ {o {ha dqitinat ol {ha Toq{h Aft{ fnk Toq{h Zat{" batt to in {ha dqitina ol {ha

Nos{h Aft{. Toq{h Zat{asn dqssiat fsa janasfbby cftak on yojqs{" zhasaft {ha dqssiat ol {ha Toq{h Aft{

fnk Nos{h Aft{ fsa janasfbby cftak on dodonq{ ìbg.

Sida it f t{f}ba t{fsdh in fbb {hsaa dqitinat fsaft. In fkki{ion {o sida" Toq{h Zat{asn dqitinat indbqka f

|fsia{y ol baf|anak fnk qnbaf|anak csafkt fnk Toq{h Aft{ fnk Nos{h Aft{ dqitinat indbqka sida fnk ajj

nookbat.

In {ha Toq{h Zat{" {ha `feos oib qtak in lsyinj it jhaa" os dbfsiliak cq{{as. In {ha Toq{h Aft{ fnk Nos{h

Aft{" {ha `feos oibt fsa |aja{fcba oibt.

Jfsbid fnk jinjas fsa qtak in fbb {hsaa dqitina fsaft" ft fsa dhibi }a}}ast" fb{hoqjh dhibiat fsa `qdh òsa

do`òn in {ha Toq{h Zat{ fnk Toq{h Aft{. [ha Nos{h Aft{asn dqitinat qta toy tfqda in nafsby

a|asy{hinj7 {ha Toq{h Aft{ tqct{i{q{at lith tfqda7 {hasa it no avqi|fban{ in Toq{h Zat{asn dooginj. In {ha

Toq{h Aft{" {hasa fsa {zo fkki{ionfb lbf|osinjt {hf{ fsa no{ qtak in {ha o{has dqitinat - jfbfnjfb fnk

baòn jsftt.


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Dqitinat ol {ha Toq{h Aft{

[ha osijinfb dqitina ol {ha Toq{h Aft{ it }socfcby {ha }aftfn{ dqitina ol [hfibfnk. Fsdhfaobojy hft

sadan{by kitdo|asak {hf{ {ha à{fb zosginj dqb{qsat ol {ha dan{sfb }bfin ol [hfibfnk kf{a cfdg {o f{ baft{

4=== CD" aftiby in {ha tfà dbftt ft {ha fndian{ dqb{qsat ol Dhinf fnk Inkif. [ha }aftfn{ dqitina

fttodif{ak zi{h {hata afsby à{fb zosgast t}safk aft{ fdsott {ha òqn{fint in{o Bfot" Df`cokif fnk

\ia{nf`" fnk toq{h kozn {ha @fbfyfn }anintqbf fnk {ha itbfnk fsd ol Inkonatif.

[hit dqitina kik no{ ka|abo} in itobf{ion" ol doqsta. Ft i{ t}safk" i{ zft inlbqandak cy ikaft doìnj lso`

{ha Nos{h Aft{ fnk Toq{h Zat{" fnk inlbqandak {ha` in sa{qsn. @ot{ sadan{by" ol doqsta" {ha dqitinat ol

Aqso}a hf|a inlbqandak {ha nf{i|a onat. \ia{nf`" Bfot fnk Df`cokif zasa Lsandh doboniat" @fbfytif

zft f Csi{ith Dobony" Inkonatif zft f Kq{dh dobony. [hfibfnk zft f sfsi{y in {hf{ i{ tqddattlqbby satit{ak

Aqso}afn dobonitf{ion.

Sida it {ha t{f}ba jsfin ol {ha Nos{h Aft{ fnk Toq{h Aft{ fnk it onby tbijh{by batt i`}os{fn{ in {ha Toq{h

Zat{. I{ it {ha osijinfb dso} {hf{ dfqtak {ha don|astion lso` hqn{as-jf{hasas {o tqctit{anda lfsàs in

{hit fsaf7 ft tqdh i{ t}safk fdsott {ha sajion calosa sajionfb dqitinat cajfn {o a|ob|a. Toà I{fbifnt `fyocead{ il yoq dbfi` {hf{ @fsdo ]obo csoqjh{ t}fjha{{i cfdg lso` Dhinf" cq{ {hasa it bi{{ba koqc{ {hf{

nookbat dfà {o {hit sajion lso` Dhinf.

Dqssiat fsa f |asy do`òn fdsott {ha sajion" cq{ batt do`òn in \ia{nf` zhasa {ha Dhinata inlbqanda

it t{sonj. [ha donda}{ }socfcby dfà lso` Inkif fnk t}safk aft{" cq{ {ha }ao}ba ol {ha Toq{h Aft{

òkiliak {ha osijinfb cy tqct{i{q{inj dodonq{ ìbg los yojqs{ ft {ha cftit los {ha tfqda.

[ha dooginj q{antib dfbbak {ha zog" fnk {ha t{is lsy {adhnivqa qtinj |aja{fcba oib

International Cuisines IHM Notes

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