International Congress of Plant Pathology 2018 Boston, 03 ... - …€¦ · Aflasafe Modular...

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Development Outcomes and Impact of Scaling-Up Aflatoxin Biocontrol in Africa

Ranajit Bandyopadhyay,

A. Akande, M. Konlambigue, C. Mutegi, L. Senghor, A. Ortega-Beltran, and P.J. Cotty

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) USDA-ARS

International Congress of Plant Pathology 2018Boston, 03 August 2018


• Highly toxic metabolite produced by the ubiquitous Aspergillus flavus fungus

• The fungus resides in soil and crop debris, infects crops and produces the toxin in the field and in stores

• Contaminates food, feed and milk

• Groundnut and maize highly vulnerable

• Potent at extremely low doses

• Death, liver cancer, immune-suppression, stunted growth

• Lowers animal productivity

• Negatively impacts trade and food security

Aflatoxin Facts

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Strain Selection Criteria

In the laboratory (~5,000 strains):

• Does not produce aflatoxin

• VCG/SSR group with

• Wide geographic distribution

• No toxigenic member

• Defective in >2 aflatoxin & CPA

genes

• Outcompetes toxigenic strainsAfter field application:

• Superior capacity to colonize,

multiply and survive in soil

• Superior frequency of isolation

from grains

• Superior capacity to reduce

aflatoxin8-12 native strains

selected for field tests

4 native strains

formulated into

the final

product


Field efficacy trials to registration in GhanaEfficacy trials

Region Treatment

Total aflatoxin concentration (ppb)

Groundnut Maize

Mean % Reduction Mean % Reduction

Ashanti Control 352 96 8 100

Treated 15 0

Brong Ahafo Control 81 99 12 100

Treated 1 0

Northern Control 199 100 238 100

Treated 0 0

Upper East Control 200 100 122 100

Treated 0 0

Upper West Control 939 100 301 98

Treated 0 6

2018

Summary of >4 years of research

200 maize, groundnut fields


Status of the Aflasafe Initiative

Completed Being Implemented

Country

Burundi

Malawi

Mozambique

Rwanda

Tanzania

Zambia

Kenya

Uganda

Ethiopia

Develop baseline data on aflatoxin prevalence

Find native candidate atoxigenic strains

Field efficacy trials /enhance local research capacity

Gain regulatory approval / enhance capacity of local regulator

Conduct market analysis, elaborate commercialization options

Mobilization of private sector, selection of manufacturer and/or distributer partners, awareness raising

Test the market with investor, conduct large-scale demonstration and awareness raising

Work with investors to manufacture, distribute and build awareness, improve the product

Burkina Faso

Cameroon

Mali

Zimbabwe

The Gambia

Ghana

Senegal

Nigeria

National Food Security Investment Plans of the Governments of Tanzania, Nigeria, Malawi, Senegal, The Gambia, and Uganda recommend the use of Aflasafe products


This Manufacturing

Facility in IITA-

Ibadan can supply

aflasafe to treat 2

million ha annually

Large-scale: capacity 5 tons/hourProduct cost: $12 to $18.75/ha


Aflasafe production in Ibadan

Nigeria, 774

Burkina Faso , 3

Senegal / Gambia, 298

Zambia , 18

Kenya , 226

Ghana, 21 Mozambique , 1

-

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

450.00

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

NigeriaTotal production (tons): Countries

Growth in production (tons)

Total production: 1,342 tons

Treatable area: 340,000 acres

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• Managed by the National Irrigation Board (NIB)

• Highly productive area but aflatoxin-prone

• Maize frequently rejected as >50% strains in soil are highly toxic

Maize grown under center pivot in Galana-Kulaku, which is a part of 1 million acre Jubilee Food Security project of the Kenyan Govt.

• The entire crop of 3,500 acres treated with aflasafe

• 99% grain lots had <4 ppb aflatoxins

• Sufficient maize harvested to feed 492,000 people for 1 month in drought-stricken counties

Aflasafe KE01 in the Aflasafe factory in IITA-Nigeria ready for shipment to Kenya

Maize crop being treated with Aflasafe KE01 in Galana

Kenya food security project


Efficacy of Aflasafe KE01 in NIB

100

100

0

0

0

39

50

50

39

25

0 20 40 60 80 100

<4

<10

>10

>50

>100 Control Aflasafe

Afl

ato

xin

(p

pb

)

Samples (%)*

Mean (ppb) 77.7 0.8

Min (ppb) 0.9 0.3

Max (ppb) 580.5 1.8

*Number of samples: 36 for control and 18 for aflasafe treated


Efficacy of Aflasafe KE01 in NIB

Quality Control Lab Production April 2018 Finished product

Aflasafe Modular Manufacturing Plant at KALRO-Katumani, Kenya


Policy changes?

Visit of Agriculture Cabinet Secretary and Permanent Secretary on 4 June 2018

Daily Nation5 June 2018


AgResults Pilot

The Nigeria AflasafeTM Pilot focuses on incentivizing the adoption of AflasafeTM, by smallholder maize farmers.

AgResults is a USD $118 million multilateral initiative using pull mechanisms to

incentivize and reward high-impact agricultural innovations that promote global

food security, health, and nutrition and benefit smallholder farmers.


Map Showing all Yr.1 –Yr.3 AgResults Implementers Location in Nigeria


Key statistics five years

4

9

16

2420

y = 4.7x + 0.5R² = 0.8393

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Number of implementers

1,015 3,271

6,279

13,372

25,591 y = 557.49e0.7863x

R² = 0.9857

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Number of farmers

1,457 4,998 6,601

20,128

29,918 y = 726.03e0.8155x

R² = 0.95

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Treated area (ha)

2,031 7,220 9,368

39,212

73,320 y = 871.5e0.9142x

R² = 0.94

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Maize aggregated for sale (tons)


The economic impact is dramatic for implementers. The market has responded to high quality maize and implementers are paid

a premium for their maize

$67

$302

$503

$1,590

y = 29.2e1.0011x

R² = 0.9681

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2013 2014 2015 2016

DO

LLA

RS

(T

HO

US

AN

DS

)

TOTAL EXTRA EARNINGS

Economic impact of aflatoxin management


Parameters 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16

Samples with <4 ppb AF (%) 99% 93% 95%

Samples with <10 ppb AF (%) 99% 96% 98%

samples with < 20 ppb AF (%) 99% 98% 99%

Samples with >70% aflasafe strains 85% 81% 97%

Average sale price over market rate 13% 17% 15%

Return on Investment (ROI) 210% 489% 542%

Aflasafe maize aggregated for sale 61% 42% 60%

Aflasafe maize sold in open market - 38% 15%

Aflasafe maize kept for family 39% 20% 25%

Smallholder farmers have safer crops, improved income and better health

Benefits for Smallholder

Farmers

Grain lots meet

international

standards

Farmers earn

higher incomeBetter

health


Technology Transfer and Commercialization

(2016 – 2020)

With support from

• Registration of Aflasafe products for use in additional countries

New Aflasafe products

• Develop, validate country-specific commercialization strategies

• Develop partnerships with specific government and private entities interested in manufacturing and distributing Aflasafe

• Develop and execute technology transfer agreements

• Provide technical support, monitor product quality control and usage by farmers

Availability and accessibility of Aflasafe

• Develop demand for aflatoxin-safe products at the end market to stimulate uptake of the Aflasafe technology by farmers

Markets for aflatoxin-safe products


Case of Senegal

> $450,000 spent on Aflasafe

procurement by SODETIFEX


• About $800,000 investment

• Machinery ordered• Production will start

in 2018• Projected use:

• 2018 - 20K ha• 2022 - >160K ha

Case of Senegal

Signing of TTLA

Assigned manufacturing site


From the Business Planning to the signing of TTLA

Signing of TTLA between IITA and HarvestField

Submission of

Business plan

Selection of the

MD partner

Years Sale target (tons) Crop area (ha)

2018 1,350 135,000

2019 3,660 366,000

2020 5,225 522,500

2021 5,750 575,000

2022 7,185 718,500

Targets to meet as per Tech Transfer and Licensing Agreement (TTLA)


Summary

• Biological control with other practices can

dramatically reduce aflatoxin

contamination and improve food safety

and security

• Farmer income and health can improve

with adoption of biocontrol-centric

aflatoxin management

• Efforts are underway to scale up

sustainable models to transfer and

commercialize aflatoxin biocontrol in Africa

• Biocontrol included in the national

investment plans of six countries to

promote adoption

Summary

International Congress of Plant Pathology 2018 Boston, 03 ... - …€¦ · Aflasafe Modular...

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