International Conflicts of the Cold War. Division of Germany West Germany is formed after UK, France...
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International Conflicts of the Cold War
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Transcript of International Conflicts of the Cold War. Division of Germany West Germany is formed after UK, France...
International Conflicts of the
Cold War
Division of Germany
• West Germany is formed after UK, France and the US agree to join their occupation zones together
• East Germany (German Democratic Republic) was formed by Stalin (U.S.S.R.)
Blockade of Berlin
Blockade of Berlin
• Western powers introduce a new currency into W. Germany. Soviets refused to accept it in Berlin
• Soviets blockaded the corridors, so no supplies could get into W. Berlin
• Allies countered with a massive airlift that supplied Berlin for 18 months
• Results:• Two separate gov’ts for Berlin• western Allies created NATO
Berlin Wall, 1961
Berlin Wall, 1961
Berlin Wall, 1961
• this barrier was built by the Soviets, intended to stop the massive migration of East Berliners to the West (for jobs, defections, etc)
East border guard Conrad Schumann defects to the west
Berlin Wall, 1989
Berlin Wall, 1989
The Korean War (1950-53)
The Korean War (1950-53)
• Korea was divided after
Japan’s defeat in WWII
• North became communist
• South became democratic
• In 1950, the North invaded the South
Kim II-Sungleader in the North
Syngman Rheeleader in South
The Korean War (1950-53)
• The UN sent in a force of troops representing 32 countries, including Canada
• Over 26 500 Canadians served, 1 000 wounded and 400 were killed
• armistice was signed in 1953
The Korean War (1950-53)
What it meant for Canada:• Loss of troops
• Showed our support of the UN and our willingness to fight to support those goals
The Suez Crisis, 1956
The Suez Crisis, 1956
• Egyptian president Gamel Abdel Nasser seized this trade route from Britain and France
• Israel saw this as a direct threat from Egypt
• Britain and France joined with Israel to attack Egypt
• Soviet Union sided with Nasser of Egypt
The Suez Crisis, 1956
What it meant for Canada:• Canada’s Minister of External Affairs, Lester B.
Pearson, went to the UN and suggested the creation of an emergency peacekeeping body
• The United Nations Emergency Force went to the Suez to keep the combatants apart while a settlement to the crisis was worked out
The Suez Crisis, 1956
• Pearson won a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in 1957
Bomarc Missile Crisis and the AVRO Arrow, 1957
Bomarc vs AVRO
• Canada signs NORAD Treaty with the USA – sets up 3 lines of radar defense in our north
• DEW Line, Mid-Canada Line, Pinetree Line
• Diefenbaker scraps the AVRO Arrow project in favour of a line of surface to air guided missiles
• When Canadians found out the Bomarcs were to be armed with nuclear weapons, protests rose, and the missiles weren’t delivered.
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962• The American “Bay of Pigs” invasion fails, Castro of Cuba turns to
Khrushchev of the USSR for protection
• US spotted Soviet missiles in Cuba
• US set up a naval blockade around Cuba,
• Soviets continued on their path
• The world seemed sure this would lead to nuclear war
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
• At the last minute, Khrushchev agrees to dismantle missile bases in exchange for a US promise not to invade Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
• What it meant for Canada:• US expected Canada to support its stance
against USSR and Cuba
• PM Diefenbaker did not agree to USA’s request of nuclear missiles on our soil
• Dief would lose the next election – PM Pearson brought the nuclear warheads into Canada
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
• John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963
The Vietnam War, 1965-1975
• The country was divided between Communist North and the anti-communist South
North Vietnam Ho Chi Minh
South VietnamNgo Dinh Diem
The Vietnam War, 1954-1975
• The US supported the South, USSR supported the North
• President Johnson used the Gulf of Tonkin incident as reason to send 500 000 troops into Vietnam
• This was the first televised war, and protest in America grew as they witnessed the atrocities in Vietnam
The Vietnam War, 1954-1975
ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT…
MAKE LOVE, NOT WAR!
Sit-ins, marches, rallies!
@ * ! # ^ $
Kent State Shooting, 1970
DOWN WITH THE “ESTABLISHMENT”!
Teen culture didn’t trust anyone over the age of 30
Hippies and counter-culture
THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION!
“The Pill” is introduced in 1960
Gay rights… homosexuality is legalized in England (1967)
WOMEN’S RIGHTS!
The demand for equal pay!
CIVIL RIGHTS!
Started as a non-violent movement with leaders like Martin Luther King,
Jr.
And led by more radical leaders like Malcolm X
It evolved into the “Black Power” movement with radical groups like
the “Black Panthers”
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTEST
“Silent Spring”
There was a growing awareness of environmental pollution…
And the use of pesticides in agriculture
MUSIC OF PROTEST!
The Beatles
The Rolling Stones
Jefferson Airplane
Jimi Hendrix Experience
The Doors
Bob Dylan
The Vietnam War, 1965-1975
• Nixon as President, promised to remove troops out of Vietnam
• The US completely withdrew by 1973
• Vietnam was taken over by the communists of the North
The Vietnam War, 1954-1975
What it meant for Canada:
• Some Americans did anything they could to avoid the “draft”… so they fled to Canada. (“Draft Dodgers”)
• Many refugees fled Vietnam and arrived as immigrants to Canada
• Some Canadians profited from sales of goods for the war
The Persian Gulf War1990-1991
Saddam Hussein
UN response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait
Operation “Desert Storm”
Tomahawk Missiles
Scorched Earth
Genocide in Rwanda1994
Juvénal Habyarimana
Disgrace in Somalia1992
“Canada’s National Shame”
Srebrenica Genocide
9/11
War in Afghanistan
Osama bin Laden
Iraq War
Saddam Hussein
WMDs?
