INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCESPORT SCIENCE

Team Editor:

Penanggung JawabDr. Edy Mintarto, M.KesDr ,Nining Widya. K., M. Appl. Se.ChoirulUmatn, S.Pd.

'EditorDr. Amrozi KhamidiMuhammad Fattahilah,RosidhaA

ISBN

Cover Design:

Sport Education l\'lasterProgram of Universitas Negeri SurabayaAlamat ; JI~ Kampus Unesa Ketintang, Kec. Jambangan, Surabaya

" @Hak cipta di lindungloleh Undang-undang

Preface

Praise be to Allah the merciful and grateful, we have finished the

Proceeding book of International Conference of Sport Science. This book was a

draft of an international seminar which is the final project of seminar subjects.

This activity is expected to be a learning tool in particular, as well as a

platform to introduce the state university of Surabaya to the academic community.

Thus, the future State University of Surabaya can be more open, and mC?re

advanced in the application of information and technology as well as the latest

sport science.

We are thanks to all of keynote speaker Dr. Greg Eilson ( Australia.n

Strength and Conditioning Association), Gunter Lange (Germany), Dr. Nining

Widya K., M.AppI.Sc. (Universitas Negeri Surab'aya, Indonesia), Serkan Berber

(Anadoulu University, Turkey), Dr. Soumendra Saha (University of Sains

Malaysia) and Dr. Yusuf Fuad, M.Sc. (Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia).

We are thanks to the lecturer as well chief of department of Postgraduate

Sports Education of Pascasarjana Unesa, Dr. Edy Mintarto,M.Kes. for support

and guidance during we started the process of this conference.

Thanks also to all friends who have worked hard to succeed whole

process of international conference.Hopefully in the future, everything we do

today can be useful and be equipped very useful in sport studies and other

activities of postgraduate of Sport Education of Unesa.

Surabaya, June 1st, 2016

GreetingsEditor,

Fattahilah

Keynote SpeakerTable of Content

No Name Materi PageDr. Greg Wilson

1(Australian Strength

The Future of Strength and Conditioning 12and ConditioningAssociation)

2Gunter lange

Sport Technology and Training 35(Germany)

Dr. NiningWidya K.,M.Appl.Sc.

3 (UniversitasNegeri Model of Talent Identification in Indonesia 67Surabaya)

Serkan BerberInternational Visitors to the 2014 Sochi Winter

4 (Anadoulu University,Paralympic Games

85Turkey)

h Dr. SoumendraSaha Transforming Higher Education for a Sustainable931v (USM, Malaysia) Tomqrrow

Dr. Yusuf Fuad, M.Sc.Sports Biomechanics:6 (UniversitasNegeri 127

Surabaya Indonesia) Is Only Simple Collection Data?

Table of ContentKeynote Speaker

No Name Materi Paae

Serkan BerberA Tale of Two Cities: Legacies of the 2012 UEFA

1 (Anadoulu 146University, Turkey)

EURO Cup in Gdansk and Lviv

Stephen P BirdPreparing The Indonesian Olympic Team: Applications

2 Of Sport Science In Fatigue Monitoring And Recovery 150(Australia)

Management

Sport EducationTable of Content

No Name Article Page

IBustanol Arifin, Frendy

A Study On Sport Development Of Relay Snake1 And Ladder Game For Elementary School 156

Aru Fantiro (Indonesia)Students

Dodik Andi WicaksonoSetyawan, Marki Sandi,

Portrait Of Physical Education And Sports In2 Satrio Pujo Sasmito, I 160

A.ry PrabowoIndonesia

(Indonesia)I

Development Games Model Physical Educationr--

3Dwi Catur Andy Sport And Health Class Iv Elementary School:

164Saputro (Indonesia) Based Teaching Games For Understanding ForLearning Curriculum 2013

4Jusuf Blegur Feedback And Sport Performance: Study At Ppld

167(Indonesia) Athletes Of East Nusa Tenggara Province

Puguh SatyaModification Of Learning Model Triple Jump

5 (Indonesia)Subject In Physical Education, Sports, And 171Health In Class Xi Sman 1 Pacet Mojokerto

Rendra Wahyu The Performance Of Physical Education AndSports Teacher After The P\pplication Of

6 Pradana, Wahyu IndraCurriculum 2013 For The Teacher Junior High

175Bayu (Indonesia)

Schools In District Jombang

I IRuruh Andayani BektiThe Effect Of Locomotor Learning Toward Motor

7 Skill Of Students Grade I With Mentally Disabled 180(Indonesia)

(C1) Sib Putera Asih Kota Kediri

The Effect Of Learning-Time Modification Toward8 $apto Adi (Indonesia)- The Increase Of Physical Fitness, Self-Concept,_ 183

And Academic Achievement

Silvia Mega Novita,Improved Time Management Skills And Physical

9 Zakaria Wah-yu HidayatEd~cationTeacher Learning Arenas And Sport

202(Studies On Teachers Civil Servants Public

(hldonesia)Taman District Sidoarjo Regency) 2014Increased Giving Feedback Skills Teachers Of

Sucahyo M~sJAn·AI-Physical Education And Health (Studies In

10 Physical Education Teachers Sports And Health 206Wahid (Indonesia)

Pns State Elementary School District At Taman..c.: Sidoarjo Regency)

Physical Activity For Early Childhood (Ages 511 Wujiati (Indonesia) And6 Years) On Early Childhood Education Units 212

In Indonesia

Sport Science and CoachingTable of Content

No Name -I Article Page

The Development Of Strength Training Model

1Abdul Alim, Hari Setijono, To Improve Tennis Serve Techniques Ability For

216Edy Mintarto (Indonesia) 15-19 Years Male Athlete Which Were Valid,

Practically, And Effectively

Adi Sucipto, M.Kes, Dr., The Development Of Instrument For Evaluating

I2 Prof. Toho Cholik Mutohir, Coaching Competency (Ieee) Of Football

I220

Ma. Ph.D (Indonesia) Schools

Efforts To Improve The Quality Of Agility

3Agus Hariyanto Through Rope Jump Exercise (Plyometric) With

226(Indonesia) Interval Training Method 1 : 2 And Interval

Training Method 1 : 3

The Effects Of One Leg Hop Bunny Jumps,

4 IAhmad Signle Leg-Hoops Progression, Front Cone230

Harixanto(lndonesia) Hoops Towards Power, Agility, And Capacity OfMaximunl Aerobics

Ahmad Nasrulloh, HariThe Effects Of The Training Method Of Super

5 Setijono, Edy MintartoSet And Compound Set With Resting Intervals

233(Indonesia)

Of 30 And 120 Seconds Between The Sets ITowards Health Related,Fitness

6Albertus Fenanlampir, Leadership And Conflict The Organization Sport

237M.Pd, Dr. Viewed From Cultural Perspective Maluku(Indonesia)

Ali Satia Graha, M.Kes.Effect Of Combination Therapy With Therapeutic

7 Aifo., Dr.Exercise Ma.~sage Frirage Interruption Of Rom 249

(Indonesia) And Pain On Injury Soccer Athletes Ankle

Anak Agung Ngurah The Effect Of Bench Press And Chest Press8 Budiadnyana, S.Pd. Through The Strength And Power Of Arm 252

(Indonesia) Muscle In Shorinjikempo~S Ath'lete

Angga Indra KusumaThe Effect Of Single Turn Of Rope And Double

9 Turn Of Rope Exercise Against Increased Arm . 255(Indonesia)

Muscle Power And Leg Muscle Power

10 Ardiansyah D. Kandupi(Indonesia)

The Effect Of Double-Leg Zig Zag Hop AndBarrier Hop With Depth Jump And Rimp JumpTo The Stregth And Power Of Leg Muscless

258

11 Aridhotul Haqiyah(Indonesia)

The Effect Of Intelligence, Eye-Hand-LegCoordination And Balance On The Pencak SilatPunch And Kick Coordination

264

12 Arnaz Anggoro Saputro(Indonesia)

The Comparison Of Learning Make A MatchMethod And Think Pair Share Model TowardThe Study Result Of Basketball Dribble

267

Effectiveness Of Different Sports Massage,13 Bambang Priyonoadi Massage Circulo And Massage Frirage

273I (Indonesia) Modulation Levels Of Immunoglobulin Enzyme A

(Iga)

114Deddy Whinata

Potential And International Level PerformanceAchievements Actualization Coach And Athlete

Kardiyanto, S.Or., M.PdSports Paralympic Indonesia And Development

276(Indonesia)

Model System Coaching

The Influence Of Massed Practice And

Desak Wiwin TryDistributed Practice Method Toward The

15 Increasing Of Forehand And Backhand Skills To 280Swandewi (Indonesia)The Male Students Of Satya Bhuwana TennisSchool Gianyar Year 2014

16Endang Rini Sukamti, The Development Of The Model For Artistic

284M.S., Ora. Gymnastics Talent Scouting On Early Childhood(Indonesia)

Indicator Swimming Skills Test And

1'7Fahrur Rozi, Yanus Anthropometric Measurements Were Used To

289'Setyowati (Indonesia) Identify Athletes Seeds Talented Swimming

Sports

Faisol Choirul Sani, AndriAbility Comparison Motor Skills 'Elementary

18Aritianto (In,dones'ja)

School Student In Plateau And Lowland In Sub-Province Magetan

19Faizal Januariansyah Implementation Of Junior Basketball League(Indonesia) 2014 Surabaya

20 Firmansyah (Indonesia)Effect Of Exercise Crocodilepush Up And TPush Up To The Arm Muscle Strength AndMuscle Power Arm

303

21Hendro Budi Surahman,S.Or. (Indonesia)

The Effect Of Strength Training Arm OverheadClear Drill To Power Of Arm And Precision

Punch Of Forehand Clear And Exercise Drive InBadminton

307

Himawan Wismanadi,22 M.Pd., Dr.

(Indonesia)

I Gede Dharma23 Utamayasa,S.Pd.

(Indonesia)

I Ketut Iwan Swadesi24

(Indonesia)

25 I Komang Muna Palguna~

S.Pd. (Indonesia)

Plyometric exercises influence over Berrierhexagon and the Explosive Muscle Power Limbs(power) in the Women's Team BasketballSurabaya

The Effect Of Hurdle Hops Training On Interval1:6 And 1:8 Toward The Improvement Of ThePower And Strength

IThe Effects Of Interval Ratio - Scaled CircuitIntensity Training Towards The Increase Of 1·

IPower, Agility, Speed~ And Vo2 Max (MaximumVolume Of Oxygen

The Effect Of Star Drill, Single-Leg Hops And E­Movement, Zigzag Drill Exercises TowardsAgility And Leg Muscle Power

310

314

319

322

26 I Made Rajat Sanjaya, S.Pd The Influence Of Acceleration Sprints And In- 325(Indonesia) Out Sprint To Speed And Agility

27 Kunjung Ashadi(Indonesia)

Lalu Moh Yudha Isnaini28

(Indonesia)

Mahmud Yunus29

(Indonesia)

30 .Marzuki, M.Si., Dr.(Indonesia)

31 Muh Usba (Indonesia)

8..

The Implementation Of Hidration Program InBadminton Athletes Of East Java Pplp

Effect Of High Intensity And Low IntensityPlyometric Training Toward Leg MuscleStrength And Explosive Power

The Effective Gear Ratio And The High ClimbsTo A Maximum Speed For Novice Cyclists

The Effect Of Exercise Drill Ladder Single,Double Punch Drill Ladder, Ladder Speed Run,Run Ladder Stride, Chest Press, PressShoulder, Leg Press, Leg Extension Of TheExplosive Power Muscle, Strength, And Speed

The Effect Of Wave Squat And, Double Leg Hop

Progression With A Leg Press And Calf Sitting

328

333

340

344

347

On Leg Muscle Strength And Power

Muhammad AgusmanThe Effect Of Z-Pattern Run Drill Exercise And

32 Barrier Jump With Cut And Sprint Towards Leg 351(Indonesia)

Mucles' Agility And Power

Muhammad Fattahillah,Contribution Of Arm Strength, Back Strength

33 S.Pd. , Dr. Edy Mintarto, 356M.Kes. (Indonesia)

And 30M Sprint Towards Javelin

The Comparation Between Speech And

34Muhammad Imam Fuadi Demonstration Methods Toward The Study

358(Indonesia)' Result Of Junior High School In Free Style

Swimming (Crawl)

Identification of Supporting and Obstacle35 NikmatulAini, Sima Factors of Swim CO'aching in Petrokimia Gresik 361

(Indonesia), Club

36Nortje Anita Kumaat Influence Of Aerobic Exercise On Aerobic

365(Indonesia) Capacity And Self Well Being

37 Oce Wiriawan (Indonesia)Comparison Of Physical Fitness Junior High

369School Based On Highlands And Lowland

The Influence Of Drill And Alley Rally Training

38 Peby Gunarto (Indonesia)~J1ethods To The Accuracy Of Groundstroke

375Forehand Topspin And Groundstroke BackhandTopspin On Tennis

Modification Of Learning Model Triple Jump39 I Puguh Satya (Indonesia) Subject In Physical Education, Sports, And 377

Health in Class Xi Sman 1 Pacet M.ojokerto

40Rahayu Prasetiyo Differencees Emotional Intelegence Between

381(Indonesia) Combat And Non Combat Athlete

The Effect Of Massage And Stretching On High

41 Rina Nopiana (Indonesia) And Low V02Max In Recovery Of Blood Lactit 385Acid And Heart Rate After Sport Activities.

Effect Of High-Intensity Interval Training (Hiit)Risfandi Setyawan, Mecca Versushigh Volume Endurance Training

42 .Puspitaningsari Program (Hvet) To The ImprovementOf 390.(Indonesia) Vo2Max, Vj And Power For Mens Volleyball

Players

43 Ritoh Pardomuan Analysis Of Supporting Factors For Potential 394

(Indonesia) Athletes In Basketball

Rizky Aris Munandar, M.PdThe Effect Of Training Cable Crossover And

44(Indonesia)

Shoulder Press To Increase The Strength Of 398Arm Muscles

45 Rumi Iqbal (Indonesia)Training Model Development Of Dribbling ~

404Shooting And Dribbling - Passing In Football

Sapto Wibowo, M.Pd, Lucy The Provision Of Suplementasi Extract Paullinia I46 Widya Fathir, M.Pd Cupana And Camellia Sinensis In Pre Elderly Of 408

(Indonesia) The Performance Of Physical When ExercisingII

47 Serkan Berber (Turkey)A Tale Of Two Cities: Legacies Of The 2012

411Uefa Euro Cup In Gdansk And Lviv

. 481 Sigit Nugroho (Indonesia)

Effect Of Circuit Exercise And Trapping Circuit\Nith Regular And Decreased Rest Interval

I 415Toward The Ability Of Strength, Speed, Agility,Vo2 Max, Power And Recovery

Effect Of Exercise Ladder Crossover Drill And

49 Siti Maifah (Indonesia)Ladder Speed Run Agility And Speed ( Studi

420Students Fkip Jpok Banjarbaru 2012 UniversityLambung Mangkurat )

50Siti Nurrochmah The Effectiveness Trai,ning Load Of Dynamic

426(Indonesia) Increasing Capabilities Physical Condition

Preparing The Indonesian Olympic Team:51 Stephen P. Bird Applications Of Sport Science In Fatigue 431

Monitoring And Recovery Management

52Sulaiman, Radita Dwi Influence Of Training Methods And Motor 436Candra (Indonesia) Educability To Ability Of Playing Football

53 Sungkowo (Indonesia)Contribution To Goal Setting And Concentration

442Swinlming Athletes Of Achievement

Effect Of Exercise Hexagon Drill And Lateral

54 Suryansyah (Indonesia)Jump Ovr Barrier Against Increase Agility And

445Limb Muscle Power On Students ExtracurricularTaekwondo At Sman 7 Mataram

Thoriq Rahmad WakhidThe Effect Of Jump Box Exercise Influence And

55 Reactive Jump Over Hurdles To Limb Muscle 450(Indonesia)

Strength And Power

Tiasari Janjang Suminar,The Development Of Aerobic Gymnastics With

56 Oktanda Prima UtamaZumba Combinatoin Through Learning Videos

455(Indonesia)

For Students Of Class Viii In Smp Negeri 2Malang

The Influence Of Balinese Traditional Game To

57Wawan Setiawan The Physical Fitness And Basic Motoric Skill Of

458(Indonesia) The 5Th Graders Male Students In Elementary

School 1 Melaya

58 1 Vonny Herdyanto

"Effect Of Training Ikie Punch, Chimney Jump,Chest Press Seated On Wellness Ball, And LegExtension Standing Against Agility, Balance,

461I (Indonesia) Power Arm And Leg On Student 81 SportCoaching Education Department Faculty OfSport Science Unesa"

Zakaria. Wahyu Hidayat, I .59 5-' - M N -t Ch - I Performance Evaluation Referee - Jury East 464I via ega OVI a olru . ..

U (I d·)' Java Regional Championship 2016mam n onesla

THE EFFECTS OF THE TRAThTING METHOD OF SUPER SET ANDCOMPOUND SET WITH RESTING INTERVALS OF 30 AND 120

SECONDS BETWEEN THE SETS TOWARDS HEALTH RELATEDFITNESS

Ahmad Nasrulloh, HariSetijono, EdyMintartoahmadnasrulloh@yahoo.co. id

AbstractThe present research studies and tests the effects of the training methods of super set and

compound set with resting intervals of 30 and 120 seconds bet\veen the sets towards health related fitnessinvolving cardiorespiratory endurance (V02 Max), flexibility ~ muscle strength (leg, .back), muscularendurance (upper body, abdomen), and body composition (~;Q fat).

This is a quasi-experimental'With the 22 factorial experimental design. The population of this studywas males 81 students of Sports Science department (IKOR) of FIK UNY year 2014. The samples wereaken using the purposive sampling method. The instruments used in this study were the Multistage FitnessTest (MFT) Field Tests, sit and reach tests, sit UIJ, push up, leg and back dynamometer, and Omron KaradaScan Body Composition Monitor.Data analysis techniques in this research are the normality test,homogeneity and box tests as the prerequisite tests. Multivariate analysis (Ml\NOVA) using the 22 factorialwas used to test the hypothesis.

The result of Multivariate tests shows a significant influence proven by the Sig. value of <.05(P<.05). The Sig. values of the training methods was .001, of the resting intervals between the sets was.000, and interactive methods with resting intervals between the sets was .002. The result implies that therewere significant differences in the four treatment groups towards the dependent variables involvingcardiorespiratory endurance (\102 Ivlax), flexibility, muscle strength (leg, back), muscular endurance (upperbody, abdomen), and body composition (% fat). The most effective training method \vhich improvescardiorespiratory endurance (V02 Max) and flexibility as well as decreasing % fat was. the super set methodwith 30 seconds resting intervalsbetvv'een the sets. The most effective training method which improvesmuscular strength (leg· and back) was the compound set method with 120 seconds resting intervals betweenthe sets. The most effective training method which improves the muscular epdurance (upper body and"abdomen~wasthe compound set method with 30 seconds resting intervals between the sets.

Keywords: weight training, super sets, compound sets, intervals between sets, V02 Max, flexibility,muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition

INTRODUCTION:Effective training is a way to achieve physical fitness) though there are some

training basic principles that should be fulfilled to achieve more optimal physicalperformance. In addition, there are also some training components and the capability tocarry out the training programme in accordance with the training principles, components,and proper dosages.

Weight training is one of the physical exercises performed with the aid of a weightboth from within and from outside the body, which is composed programmatically toincrease the muscle. ability and work productivity. The current phenomena related to\veight training is that people do weight training to increase the muscle mass asbodybuilding. Yet, the most important criteria of physical fitness are cardiorespiratoryendurance (V02 Max), muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and" bodycomposition, not merely on the muscle mass and the athletic-looked body. It is inaccordance to Werner (2010: 15) who states that health related fitness consists of severalcomponents, i.e~ cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, muscular endurance,flexibility, and body composition.

Holviala, et al. (2012: 1342) argues in their research that relative changes inmaximal oxygen intake on a bicycle ergometer test (V02 Max) after 21 weeks of strengthand endurance trainin:f" ·~:bPt:tt" the. tr;aining group and the control one with the

233

increases ofV02 Max of 12.5% in the endurance training and 9.80/0 on the combination ofendurance and strength trainings with P<.OOl.Avila (2010: 523) states that thecombination of medium intensity resistance training on weight loss exercise programmescan significantly reduce body fat mass and composition of the mid-thigh, strength, andmuscle quality in adults who are over~"veight and obesity than in older people.Sekenendiz's (2010:3038) core strength training with swiss-ball can improve strength,endurance, flexibility and balance in women. Baechle (2014:1) affirms that weighttraining will be able to increase muscular strength, muscular endurance, neuromuscularcoordination, and bone density (preventing osteoporosis).

From the above opinions, it can be. said that weight training can increase healthrelated physical fitness. The proper weight-training programmeshould be drawn upbyregarding the basic principles and components of the training. The selection of propertraining methods can also affect the' success rate of training programme. In addition, theresting intervals between sets need to be considered because it is associated with theenergy use during the weight training. In short, the researcher aims to analyze theinfluence of the training methods of super sets and compound sets with the restingintervals between sets of 30 and 120 seconds towards the health related fitness involvingcardiorespiratory endurance (V02 max), flexibility, muscular strength (legs, back),muscular endurance (upper body, abdomen), and body composition (% fat).

METHODSThe super sets training method is a weight training conducted to train the opposing

agonic-antagonistic muscles \vith' the training dose of frequency: 3 times per week,intensity: 50-70% 1RM, the number of sets: 2-4 sets, reps: 15-25 repetitions, restingintervals between sets of 30 and 120 seconds. It is perfonned using Chest press-Pulldown, Butterfly-Rowing, Leg extension-Seated leg curl, Leg press-Lying leg curl, Armcurl-Triceps pushdown , Low pulley curl-Triceps extension, Abdominal - I-,ower Back,High Pulley Crunches-Deadlifts.The compound set weight training is undertaken to traina group of specific muscles with the dose of frequency: 3 times/week, intensity: 50-70%1RM, the number of sets: 2-4 sets, reps: 15-25 repetitions, resting intervals between setsof 30 and 120 seconds and is done using different tools such as a Chest press-Butterfly,Pull down-Rowing, Leg extension-Seated Leg press, leg curl-Lying leg curl, Arm curlcurl-Low pulley , Triceps pushdown-Triceps extension, Abdominal-High PulleyCrunches, Lower Back-Deadlifts.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONMultivariate Tests showed significant effects with the Sig. value of < 0.05 (p <

0.05). The Sig. values of the training methods was .001, of the resting intervals betweenthe sets was .000, and interactive methods with resting intervals between the sets was.002. The result implies that there were significant differences in the four treatmentgroups towards the dependent variables involving cardiorespiratory en.durance (V0 2

Max), flexibility, muscle strength (leg, back), muscular endurance (upper bod~',

abdomen), and body composition (% fat).The super set combination method with the resting intervals of 30 seconds

between sets effectively improves cardiorespiratory endurance (V02 max) becausephysiologically the resting intervals of 30 seconds between sets can only recover 70% ofATP, enabling the body to use the energy in aerobic as energy to do the training properly.Weight training using the Chest press, retractors, arm extension, quadriceps, abdominalcurl-ups, elbow flexion and extension, lower ~bdominals for 4 sets and imposition of 10RM for 6 weeks caused a significant incr~~ej!t,,~L"~~a5 .8~< 0.01), (Shelvam,

2014:695). In addition, this method is also effective to increase the flexibility becauseduring the training, the muscle group extensions are the movement of opposing agonistand antagonistic muscles resulting in the increase in flexibility of the muscles. It is in linewith Santos, et.al. (2010:314) stating that alternative weight training andagonist/antagonist training performed every day for 8 weeks, 3 sets, 10-12 reps per set,except for abdominal exercises performed 3 sets of 15-20 reps, can increase strength andflexibility with p< 0.05.0ther results showed that the method of the super setscombinations with the resting intervals of 30 seconds is also effective for decreasing %fat since there are quite short intervals and the total treatment time is about 60 minutesallowing the body to use energy frorn existing fat metabolism in the body.Yavari,et.al.(2012:- 137) suggests that the weight training of bench press, seated row, shoulderpress, chest press, lateral Pllil down, abdominal crunches, leg press, leg extension, tricepspushdown, seated curls and bicep exercises perfonned 2-3 times per week with anintensity of 60%-80 1 RM, carried as many as 3 sets and 8-10 reps with resting intervalsof 90-120 seconds between the sets can give significant influence towards the decrease of% fat with the pvalues of < 0.01.

The compound set method with the resting intervals between sets of 30 secondseffectively improves muscle endurance (the upper body and abdomen). Physiological,when performing weight training with the compound set method, the movement occurredrepeatedly on a group of the same muscles by using different tools. The number ofrepetitions and the short resting intervals between the sets causes the muscle workmaximal and repetitively, so that the ability of a muscle to \vork repeatedly without beingfatigued can be trained properly. Besides, the energy used is as much as 70% of the ATP­PC recovery, allowhlg the body to use the energy in aerobic. Weighl training with 6-12reps and weights of 40-60% 1 RM can increase muscle endurance on the significancelevel of p< 0.05 (Arazi, 2011: 114-115). It is similar to· Manikandan's (2014: 10-11)opinions stating that weight training with mediurn intensity (65-85%) performed 3 timesper week for 12 weeks can give significant effects towards the muscular endurance withthe significance level ofp< 0.05.

The compound set method with the resting intervals between sets of 120 secondseffectively improves muscle strength because the resting intervals of 120 seconds willrecover 84% of ATP alld per, allowing the muscle to be able to use the energy of ATPand per as much as 84% at the time of the next movement. In fact, the ATP and PCrrecovery will be 100% after 3-5 minlltes resting, so that the best resting interval to trainyour maximum strength should be of more than 3 minutes. In addition to the long restingintervals, training the muscle strength should also consider the intensity of the exercisebecause maximum increasing muscle strength should be performed with the intensity of70%-80% of 1 RM for the medium level, 80%-90% of the 1 RM for the level of weight,90%-100% of the maximum· load for tIle R11 1 and above 105% of 1 RM for super­nlaximal (Bompa, 2015: 128).Allegretti, et.al. (2014:102) suggest that weight trainingperiodization linear with the intensity of 650/0-95% 1 RM applied to weight lifters canincrease muscle strength significantly during the bench press by 30%, squat by 33%, anddeadlift by 76.9%.

CONCLUSIONThe training methods of super set and compound set with resting intervals of 30

and 120 seconds between the sets have the significant effects towards health relatedfitness involving cardiorespiratory endurance (V02 Max), flexibility, muscle strength(leg, back), muscular endurance (upper body, abdomen), and body composition (% fat).The most effectiv~....tr~iniJl::.:::~~>\;:etp()g ~lli~himproves cardiorespiratory endurance (V02

,:i1tf .N:·:"·;;;· .... ··:<~11>

235

Max) and flexibility as well as decreasing % fat was the super set method with 30 secondsresting intervals between the sets. The most effective training method which improvesmuscular strength (leg and back) was the compound set method with 120 seconds restingintervals between the sets. The most effective training method which improves themuscular endurance (upper body and abdomen) "vas the compound set method with 30seconds resting intervals between the sets.

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Strength Gains of Powerlifting Atlhetes. Official Research Journal of the...4merican Society ofExercise Physiologysts. Jun~,2014, Volume 17, Number 3

Arazi, H. and Asadi, A. (2011). Effects oj 8 Weeks Equal-Volume Resistance Trainingwith Different Workout .lTlrequency on lvfaximal Strength, Endurance and BodyComposition. International Journal of Sport Science and Engineering. Vol.05(2011) No.02, pp. 112-118.

Avila, J. J. et.al.(2010). Effect to Moderate Intellsity Resistance Training During WeightLoss on Body Composition and Pllisical Performance in Overweight OlderAdults.EurJAppIPhysiol. (2010) 109: 517..525.

Baechle, T.oR. and Earle, R. W. (2014).Weight Training Steps to oSuccess.United States:Human Kinetics.

BOlnpa, T.O. and Buzzichelli, C. (2015). Periodization Trainingfor Sport.United States:- Human Kinetics.

Holviala, J.et.al.(2012). Effects of Strength, Endllrance and Combined Training onMuscle Strength, Walking Speed and Dynamic Balance In Aging Men. Eur JApplPhysiol (2012) 112:1335-1347.

Manikandan. S. (2014). Effect of Different Intensities of Resistance Training on SelectedStrength Parameters among Men Handball Players~ International Journal ofPhysical Edication, Sports and Health 2014; 1(2): 09-11.

Moraes, E. et.al. (2013). Effects on Strength, Power, and Flexibility in Adolescents ofNonperiodized Vs. Daily Nonlinear Periodized Weight Training. Journal ofStrength and Conditionong Research. 27 (12)/3310-3321.

Santos, E. et.al. (2010). Influence Of Moderately Intense StrengthTraining On FlexibilityIn SedentaryYoung Women. Journal OfStrength And Conditioning Research201 0National Strength And Conditioning Association.24(11)/3144-3149.

Sekendiz, B. et.a1.(2010).Effects Of Swiss-Ball Core Strength Training On Strength,Endurance, Flexibility And Balance In Sedentary Women. Journal Of StrengthAnd Conditioning Research; Nov 2010; 24, 11; Proquest. Pg. 3032.

Shelvam, P.V. and Sekhon Sign, B. (2014). Effect of Circuit Resistance Training andPlyometric Training on Muscular Strenth amonmg Annamalai Univercity NetballPlayer. JISR, Volume 3 Issue 8 August 2014.

Werner W. K. H. and Sharon A. H. (2010).Principles and Labs for PhysicalFitness. Wadsworth: °UOnited State ofAmerica.

Yavari, A. et.al. (2012). Effect of Aerobic Exercise, Resistance Training or CombinedTraining on Glecaeminc Control and Cardiovascilar Risk Factors in Patients withType 2 Diabetes. Biology ofSport. Vol. 29 No.2, 2012.

LEADERSHIP AND CONFLICT THE ORGANIZATION Sport VIEWEDFROM CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE MALUKU

Dr. Albertus Fenanlampir, M.PdPhysical Education Studies Program

Faculty ofTeacher Training and Education Pattimura University AmbonAlbertus. fenanlampir@yahoo. com

AbstractBasically, conflict· always occurs in every organization, including in KomiteOlahraga Nasional Indonesia(KONI/lndonesia National Sport Committee) in Maluku Province. Conflict may affect negatively as well aspositively upon organization. To overcome various organizational problems including conflict, appropriatepattern of leadership are needed to be applied in sport organization in Maluku in order that functionaleffects \vill result in the increase of sport achievenlent in Maluku. Afier the development of sportorganization in Maluku and· the contributions of achievement of Malukunese athletes in national events sofar has been reviewed, the social situation setting determined as the research setting is KONI of MalukuProvince focusing on Patterns of Leadership and Models of Conflict Management in Sport Organization inMaluku. Based on the review ufthe issues above, the research questions are formulated as follow: (1) \Vhydoes conflict occur in sport organization KONI in Maluku Province? (2) How should the models ofConflictManagement be applied in the SPOlt organization in Maluku in order that they will be functional in the strifefor the increase of sport achievement in Maluku? The purposes of the research are: (1) To identify thecharacteristics of Malukunese culture in the conteAi of sport organization so that they will providecontributions tothe increase of sport achievement in Maluku (2) To seek for theories of leadership based onthe characteristics of Malukunese culture (3) To find out models of conflict management based on thecharacteristics of Malukunese culture. The research method employed is naturalistic qualitative one. Thedata are collected by means of documentation study and interviews in depth to the informants consisting ofthe head/ex head of daily head of KONI in rVlaluku Province, the staff of K.ONI of Maluku Province, theprovince ones of sport division, the staff of Regency KONI, culturalists, tradition and society prominentfigures, coaches as well as athletes. The research result in the facts that: (1) The conflicts occurring in thesport organization KONI in Maluku Province is caused by the egoistic attitude of the leaders elnployingauthoritative style of leadership, assuming better knowledge and capabilities than others, by the lack ofcoordination and communication with the members or staff, possessing no team work, being verysubjective, and applying monopoly in organizational tasks. The conflicts are created on purpose directed tothe efforts of producing tense and incredulity among leaders, staff and members, so that the leaders will feelfree in managing finance and organization (2) The appropriate patterns of leadership for sport organizationin ~1aluku can be classified into two types: they are coaching axis and management axis. In the coachingaxis concerning coaches and athletes, the appropriate pattern is "open autocracy", whereas in themanagement axis dealing with staff and members, the suitable pattelTI is "closed autocracy", with thefollowing approaches. Towards the staff and member possessing low maturity and high emotional state, theapproach of 'Inviting' should be applied. The approach of "Commanding" must be applied to the staff andmembers having low maturity and emotional state. "Involving" is the right approach for the staff andmembers having high maturity but high emotional chara?teristic. The staff and members with high maturitybut low emotional characteristic can be approached by "Delegating (3) The appropriate model of conflictmanagement for the sport organization in Maluku is motivating the emotional sense of the staff andmembers including the athletes and coaches to.the optitnal level by manipulating the staff and members ofthe organization as the objects of conflict.Keyword: leadership, conflict, sport organization (KONI) of Maluku, Malukunese cultural

characteristics.

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INTRODUCTIONBasically, conflicts occur in all organizations, both small organizations and large

organizations, the conflict can be positive but also negative impact on the performance ofthe organization, depending on the nature of the conflict and its management. Thus, thereis no reason to eliminate all forms of conflict, except that hinder the achievement oforganizational goals.

The old view that considers the conflict within the orgal1ization as somethingnegative and lead.t.~.::::~~~B!:~~lif ,?r .~pization, had to be abandoned because it inhibits

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optimal performance. Furthermore, the dispute is sometimes regarded as the existence ofsomething wrong with the organization. And it means the rules of the organization is notfunctioniIlg properly. The old view was alvvays concerned about the existence of aconflict, it is the task of leadership is avoided and if necessary eliminate the conflictaltogether. Yet according to G1bson, Ivancevich, Donnelly (1996): Conflict betweenindividuals and between groups within the organization can not be circumvented, optimalorganizational performance requires a moderate level of conflict, and they assume that noconflict means no change in the organization.

To overcome these problems an accurate pattern of leadership is one of the importantsolutions in organizational life. Organizational life is nleant, not only for organizationslike politics, religion, and other nonprofit organizations, but also include sportsorganizations like KONI.

When the conflict hit the Moluccas, the opposite is the athlete's performance hasincreased significantly. This condition attracted the attention of writers, because it isconsidered as an unusual happening in organizational life. In an author's note, PONachievement for Maluku obtained at the time of PON X, XI PON, paN xv, and paNXVII.

Of 4 times the acquisition of accomplishment PON, paN XV 2000 and 2008 waspaN paN XVII in which the Moluccas are in conflict extraordinary atmosphere.However Malukll achieved spectacular achievements, and boost Maluku ranking ofposition 25 of the 30 provinces of South Sumatra PON participants, itlto the position 20of the 33 provinces of participants PON.Based on empirical findings presented, theauthors suspect that there are close linkages between patterns of leadership, conflict·management models associated with the cultural characteristics of the people of Malukuin improving performance in sports in Maluku.

After observing the development of the organization and contribute prtestasi Malukuin national events then setting social situation is defined as a pl~ce to study KONI Malukuprovince, with a focus on Patterns of Leadership and C()n:Q~9t. Management Model.Further research raised some questions as follows: (1) Why conflicts in Maluku provinceKONI sports organizations? (2) What is the pattern of leadership that should be applied tothe orgal1ization of sport in Maluku that functional impact on the improvemel1t of sportsperformance Malukll? (3) Ho\v Conflict Management Model that should be applied to theorganization of sport in the Moluccas in order to be functional to the improvement ofsports performance Maluku? '

The purpose of this study was to: (1) Identify the cultural characteristics of the peopleof Maluku in the context of the organization of sport so as to contribute to theimprovement of sports performance Maluku. (2) Finding leadership theory Moluccancommunity-based cultural characteristics. (3) Menemukankan conflict managementmodel of community-based cultural characteristics of Maluku.

BASIC THEORYNature of Leadership

In the face of a changing environment, organizations need leaders who areresponsive, critical and dare to take the strategic decision to achieve a competitiveorganization. A leader has a strategy to direct and motivate subordinates to consciouslyengage in cooperation to achieve the goal. Leadership behavior that is displayed in themanagerial process is consistently referred to as a style (style) leadership.Leadership stylewas intended as a way of behaving that are typical of a leader of the group members.

Style authoritarian or autocratic style of leadership is built on the basis of power.Followers often motivated by fear. With :!hJ~.§.~.l~t~f.;:~::1r~Q~r.;:CQmm~ndinghis followers238 .1iI&l$'I" =;,\V"

to do the job and is expected to finish without having to wonder. This style only knowvery little delegation of authority and leaders do not provide an explanation of what to do.Authoritarian leaders are usually very much to do with his followers and style ofleadership was often create hatred against the leader. In practice, things that happen are:(1) All events are determined by the leader (2) All activities are dictated by the leader andthis will make followers feel do not know about the next steps and even the loss ofconfidence, (3) Followers directed at each stage in terms of what to do, how to do it, andwith whom he will do it, and (4) Although the leaders tend to give personal criticism inany tasks assigned to each of his followers, he is still far from the participation of thegroup, unless he's right~Right to work in the group.

In general, there are three approaches or styles of leadership, namely: (1) leadershipapproach according to the nature (traits model), (2) leadership approach is based on atheory of behavior (behavioral model), (3) leadership contingency· theory (contingencymodel). The approach is based on assessing the nature of temperament and abilities thatmark the characteristics of a successfui leader and unsuccessful. Behavior-based approachfocusing on actions taken in implementing the leader in lnanagerial jobs. Furthermore, thecontingency approach to assess the fit between the behavior of leaders with situationalcharacteristics, especially the level ofmaturity of subordinates.

Each style of leadership shown by the level of maturity takes into account all theemployees. according to Hersey, Blanchard (1986) is divided into four categories andeach level is denoted with the letter M (maturity). Employees who have the ability andmaturity is low and not sure would succeed denoted by Ml, employees who have theability to moderate and low willingness denoted by M25 employees who have high abilitybut a low willingness denoted by M3, while employees' have the ability.and willingness ofhigh and sure success in performing the task denoted by M4.

Leadership style based on the maturity level of employees represented by a curve thatmoves through four squares leadership. The bell-shaped curve is called "Swingperspective" mentioned sebaai variety of leadership styles b~sed on the level of maturityof the employees. Employees maturity levels can be identified into four categoriesnamely; low level, nledium level, middle level, and high.

Instructive style (telling) is applied to the subordinate low maturity level (M!).Instructive style applied to a subordinate who can not afford and do not dare to takeresponsibility, when duty requires clarification, the setting / direction and supervision inparticular. Leadership style is instructive (G1) the rightto apply to subordinates who areunable and unwilling to accept respollsibility. Leaders carry out strict supervision, thllSthe degree of human relationship in the low category but high attention to theorganization.

Consultative style ( consultative) subordinates who have applied for low-nlediummaturity . Bottoms this type is not abie to carry out tasks independently but want to takeresponsibility . They still need tIle guidance of behavior because it has not been able toaccept full responsibility . Leaders still need to conduct a briefing via two-waycommunication and explanations that focus on the tasks that need to be implemented .Leaders continually provide supporting that subordinates used to do the work properlyand train subordinates to give suggestions to the discretion of the organization.Consultative leadership style ( G2 ) the right to apply to such a situation. Leaders show ahigh task behavior and relationship behavior is high.

Participative style (participating) suitable to be applied to a subordinate who has thematurity high medium, because it has the ability to perform the duties that will beimposed but the implementation is still happening doubt. The subordinates on the level ofdevelopment like this has~;,~~/ "'i~;~blljtybptdoes not have the will to carry out the task (M3).

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In carrying out the style of participation, leadership must open itself to theimplementation of constructive dialogue and active attention to efforts that support theability of subordinates. G3 called the participative style as a leader arid subordinates havecontributed to the decision making process. Key to the success of leadership is activelylisten and provide motivation to the subordinates.

Delegative style (delegating) is applied to the subordinates who have a high maturity.At the high maturity level, the subordinate has the ability and willingness (M4). Fewleaders have given direction, because the employees can describe programs andinstitutions perform well. Decide the best solution for the sake of success in achievingorganizational goals. Participative style include low task behavior and relationshipbehavior Low (04).

From tIle foregoing, it c.an be said that, the applica;~i.on of leadership style variationsneed to be adjusted to the level of ability and willirlgness of subordinates in carrying outthe duties and responsibilities given. The description of the leadership contingency theorythat gave birth to the situational leadership style can be used as consideration for theleaders of the organization in directing and influencing subordinates in the achievementof organizational goals.

Nature of ConflictOne of the problems that often arise during the co-urse of the changes in the

organization is a conflict betv{een members or between grollps. Conflict does not onlyhave to be accepted and managed properly, but also to be encouraged, because of theconflict is the power to bring about change and progress within the organization(Hardjana, 1994). Conflicts between individuals within the organization was inevitable,but can be used towards productive if managed well (Cummings, 1980). Similarly,Edelman in Wahyudi (2006) asserted that, if the conflict can be managed systematicallypositive impact namely, strengthening cooperative relations, increase confidence and self..esteem, enhances creativity and productivit~y, and improve job satisfaction. But on thecontrary, ineffective conflict management is to apply heavy· sanctions for opponents, andtrying to suppress subordinates who oppose the policy that organizational climate isgetting worse and increase the properties want to ruin (Owens, 1991).

Conflicts between individuals or between groups can be beneficial or detrimental tothe survival of the organization. Therefore, the leadership of the organization are requiredto have the capability ofconflict management in order to take ad,vantage of the conflict toimprove the performance and productivity of the organization.

Similarly, Winardi (1994) found, conflict management includes activities; (1)Stimulating the conflict, (2) reduce or suppress the coriflict, and (3) Resolve conflicts.Stimulation of conflict is required when the work unit decreased productivity or there aregroups that do not meet the specified standard work.

The method is performed in stimulating the conflict, nanlely; (A) include membersWllO have the attitude, the behavior of different views fibers with prevailing norms, (brestructure the organization, especially rotation of office and a new division of tasks, (c)communicate information that is contrary to the habits of experienced, (d) increasecompetition by offering incentives, promotions or other awards, (e) elect new leadershipmore democratic. Measures to reduce conflict conducted if high levels of conflict andlead to destructive acts with decreased work productivity in each unit / section. Methodsto reduce conflict by way of substitute objectives that can be accepted by groups inconflict, posing new challenges to both sides in order to be dealt with together, and givingwork to do together so that the resulting attitude of friendship between members of the

group. While the resolution of conflicts (conflict resolution) is an action taken leadershipof the organization in the face ofthe parties in conflict.

Each different organizational leadership in responding / response conflict. Theoriesabout the conduct of the conflict (conflict behavior) concluded by Tosi, et aI., (1990)there are five different ways that people respond to conflict; avoidance, accommodation,competition, compromise, and cooperation.

Evade is a reaction to the conflict, namely one or both sides tried not to get involvedwith issues that may cause a difference or conflict. Most people like to shy away fromconflict, painful experience I've ever experiellced by individuals and groups to make themwant to withdra\v from the conflict. The tendency to avoid conflict can also be based on aview that conflicts can be detrimental and is considered disrespectful. Avoiding conflict isa wise move when the issue of conflict is not critical and negative impacts outweigh the'benefits / advantages. To change the attitudes of other people is not easy, then fromconflict avoidance techniques can give the other party an opportunity to think / refreshmemories and seek·more information about the disputed issues.

i\.ccommodate means succumbing to a variety will/wishes of others.Accommodation nlay mean melihara a relationship with another party, or an effort tocombine those separate. Leaving the decision to the other party felt better than taking therisk of alienating others. Values are believed by akOlTIodator that conflict significantlynegative and harmful. Techniqlles accommodation is a good gesture if one party feelswrong and allow others to carry out his wishes. Accommodation used as an alternative torespond to conflict if it wants to maintain good relations.

Competition or rivalry is a fOIID of peaceful struggle that occurred when the P.voparties competing or fighting to achieve a common goal. Competition can be detrimentalif the struggle of individuals or groups in pursuit of various desires at the expense ofothers. Conflict is seen as a game to be won. Victory, success, and fulfillment of theobjectives of competition, if it fails means a weakness, and loss of status. Each party feltthat there ShOll1d be winners and defeated in a conflict. Competing parties use a variety ofstrategies to win the competition in the form of threats~ arguments, or persuasion.Competition can be run reglilarly and honestly if both parties recognize the norms toconduct a fair competition. Without clear rules, the competition easily evolve into aconflict that is not controlled.

Collaboratiol1 is the willingness to accept the other side's needs. In collaboration thereis an opportunity to meet the interests of both sides in the conflict. Cooperation /collaboration is very useful if each party to the conflict have different objectives andcompromise is not possible. Way collaboration enables both parties to the conflict towork together and find solutions to problems completely and satisfactorily. The purposeof the collaboration is to get the desire of each group, so that both sides win and nothingis defeated. Because it can strengthen relationships and creates a feeling of mutual respecton both sides.

Methods of cooperation (coorperation) can be used when the parties involved in theconflict wants to satisfy all the parties involved in the conflict and the search for mutuallybeneficial results.' Method of cooperation applied if each party interdependence in thework, and the goal can not be achieved individually or group. In addition, technical co­operation to achieve the commitments by inserting various interests into a consensus.With different explanations, Leavitt (1986) noted that to resolve the conflict can beapproached as follows; (1) confrontation, (2) negotiating and bargaining (bargaining), (3)the absorption (absorption).

Confrontation techniques are troubleshooting to reduce tensions through face to facemeetings between groups~.i.i!0ipntJict.lpe of the meeting is to identify problems

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and solve them. Groups in conflict are given the opportunity to argue openly aboutvarious topics and discuss all relevant issues until a decision is reached. Techniques ofnegotiation and bargaining is negotiations bring together two parties with differentinterests to reach an agreement. Each party brings a series of proposals which are thendiscussed and implemented. Each member is then discussed and implemented. Eachmember is aware of the importance of bargaining to settle the debate, each lowereddemand so as to achieve optimal meeting point. In the negotiations, nothing is defeated~

all parties to avoid the feeling of winning demands. Optimally so as to achieve commonground. In the negotiations, there is nothing that reached the point of course. Mechanicalabsorption (absorption), namely how to manage organizational conflict between largegroups with small groups.The small group that wants to get the majority, but as aconsequence have to take responsibility for its implementation.

The use of any method of controlling conflict would pose a risk and inlpact for thesurvival of the organization. Hardjana in Wahyudi (2006) states, is the ideal managementobjectives can be achieved and the relationship between the parties to the conflict remaingood'. Each approach has the uniqueness of each and the ability to recognize the variousmethods of conflict resolution could provide an important basis to deal \vith any conflictsthat arise.

Good conflict management is preceded by the identification of sources konlfik andother types of conflict, knowing the conflict, the classification of the conflict based on theadvantages and disadvantages for the survival of the organization, choose the appropriateapproach to the problem and the objectives to be achieved.

Nature of Culture and Sports MalukuTylor in 1871 once gave the definition of culture as follows: "Culture is a whole

which includes knovvledge, belief, art, morals, science, law, customs and othercapabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society". While Selosoemardjan,Soelaeman, Soemardi in Setiadi, Hakam, Efendi (2007) defil1es culture as all the \vork, asense ofcommunity and creativity.

Culture as described above, is owned by each community; the difference is that theculture of the society \vhich is more advanced than the cultures of other people, in itsdevelopment to meet all the needs of society. Kluckohn in Soekanto (1987) in a workentitled Universal Categories of Culture, outlines scholars review the seven elements ofculture, among others: social systems (kinship system, political-organizations, the legalsystem, marriage system) and Religion (belief system)

Related to the above universal culture, which attracted the attention of the author forfurther investigation is the social and religious systems. Th.~· second element of thisculture enough to contribute to the community characteristics,·physical activit'j and sportsorganization.s in the Moluccas. The activity takes place in a social interaction whichaccording to experts are generally divided into three types of interaction, namely;cooperation, competition and conflict. If the explanation used in the description of theMoluccan community in general, the Cooley (1987), said that the cooperation andpertentanganlah most prominent, while the relatively weak competition. There are somephrases in Ambon Malay language to describe the symptoms of the conflict, amongothers; "Raw slices (fights with machetes)" fisticuffs "(fight / fist fights) and others.

In the case of religious groups sometimes happens that a group or a "sect" appearedin the village as resistance to a particular congregation. Conflicts can occur, sometimes itcan be controlled but not infrequently is open, causing damage and casualties. Discordand strife that is the concern of the church and the village as a communion of life.Sometimes leaders are forced to act hard to stq,p t~~§~~jlthing~~.,.Jjer~in lies one ofthe points242~ir$?,~·~' ... ~,

of weakness or danger in Maluku society. The breadth of the range and seriousness ofproving that the Maluku conflict characterized by strong patrilineal family. The whole"viII be involved on the basis of the assumption that the good name and hOllor fam (familyname) has been spotted.

So, in addition to strong centripetal tendencies manifested in the same pattern of theMoluccas, seemed equally strong trifugal tendency that manifested itself in a pattern ofconflict found in the region. This situation can be called a state of the forked (bifurcation)or "dualism".

Competition as a third function of social interaction, ex~sted only in the form of .relatively weak. Some forms of social interaction that is said often leading to splits, canbe classed as a competition and not a contradiction. Here are some characteristics ofpeople Maluku adopted from some of the literature are as follo\vs:Feature Globalita (Nature universality) and lokalita (Image Human Culture)Maluku human beings are a species with such characteristics (sweet black and curly hairbroken Mayang) distinctive and different from our fellow human beings from other tribes.Nonetheless, empirical distinctiveness in evidensialhave the same validity and equal withfellow human beings on this earth. The fact is telling the people of Maluku a trulyfundamelltal feature of globality and rooted in the history of world sports stage. Malukuchild alw~ys considers himself as a typical human (specificaily) with the characteristics ofhuman lokalitanya as cultured and dignified in a social context kemasyarakatal1nyatypical.Some characteristics lokalita Moluccan example; religious, live in an attitude oftogetherness, love unity (collectiveness) fair and open, deliberation and consensus, jovial,aggressive, good at singing but also brave in upholding truth and channeled through sportfist fights (boxing) and the like, have self-esteem and pro life stance (pro-life and pro­existence).Maluku people who Adatis

Maluku custoinary form a kind of outlook on life (way of live) in the joint educateand establish themselves. Indigenous Moluccan not only binds the individual but thetotality of social life in a social order that adatis. NIaluku people's behavior that deviatesfrom the basic orientation of the customs value would be condemned as: "the child doesnot know the customary" Tanamal in W-atloly (1985).

Further said 1Y10luccan not the kind of Inan who likes to play the s!(ewer from behind.Had he challenged then 11e always deal with it openly, face to face. Maluku child is braveman, he dared to fight (Raw pm) but soon also want. to live in harmony, carefree feeling,resentment, or betrayal when it has been solved by custom. They quickly heat andemotion (jumawa), but quickly cold and emotional feelings will soon disappear. They areemotional but sincere and honest so that when approached then itnmediately willing tonegotiate. In fact he wants direct settlement of the rights and sense of justice.Consequently, if there are problems of life are not ignored so' he can be reckless andfighting. They also have a high loyalty and can even be handed over body and soul-whenthey are given full trust. There is a sort of mix between the character of the brave and thebattering ram with a high sense ofhuman sympathy.Maluku people \vho live together and Honest Love

Since long the Moluccas had many bitter taste bitter struggle for survival with thetraditional order and distinctive kinship. It requires them to always live in togetherness.Feature like to live with them in addition to the real in relation to religious life and livingtogether (kinship) which adatis, is also evident in the disclosure to build a life together, sothat when faced with' the sports event, they always start and end with the tradition ofcustomary title.

Maluku people who love Unity and IntegrityReligious characteristics and togetherness logical correlation indicates very clearly

tllat the people of Maluku has a great soul and a strong tolerance. The attitude andcharacter of life can thus awakened by human Maluku will love the unity of life. Malukupeople in this case is always open and spontaneous without hypocrisy or duplicity inexpressing the sake of keeping and maintaining the unity and integrity of life. They alsowill be steadfast and sturdy defending and maintaining the unity and oneness.Maluku people \vho open and Mau deliberation

Basically the attitude of deliberation and consensus is one essential element of thedemocratic people of Maluku. Feature Maluku people are open and willing to discuss toreach a consensus turned out to bequeath local wisdom (local wisdom) in managing thediversity of life that is shared. Characteristics of people Maluku open to, deliberation isalso a "vital legacy" which has shown in building social consensus that are metllodicalhypotheses to handle distorted reality of conflict.Ale Rasa Rasa Beta

According Ruhulesin (2007), Ale (you) taste beta (i) the taste is a culturalsociological concept implies that in the Moluccas. More than a concept "beta ale flavortaste" has become a notion that gives inspiration to people of Maluku on a model of life, amodel of social relations between people in society, relations across individuals, acrossgroups, village cross-country, cross subetnis even interfaith.

As a cultural understanding ale flavor beta sense is a system of meaning that givesmotivatioll and under.standing why a person or group of people to do something. l\1eaning(Sinn) is everything that exists in every person, who is understood by the personconcerned as that gives a point of departure, content and direction for the whole life. Betaale flavor taste as a cultural sense as well give shape and meaning to the behavior ofhuman relationships in society. The man who conceived through his behavior, and what itdoes. Behavior that seemed just beyond the disclosure of something deeper, that is calledfisystem of meaning".

As a system of meaning !tale flavor beta flavor" gives motivation, contents of bothforms. to human behavior and relationships across indvidu , across groups , cross thevillage , cross subetnis , interfaith which is based on a sense and awareness of kinship ,sepenanggungan , solidarity, solidarity, mutual help, Masohi / mutual cooperation.

Local culture, is further inspired into sports that are identical to the characteristics ofteam sports and individual sports . Look at the dominant culture of antagonism or conflictrather than cooperation and competition· result in munculah interest in individual sportsbranches competitive as the top-seeded five sports KONI Maluku Province namely;Athletics , Boxing , Taekwondo , Fencing and Paddle . While on the branches of teamsports such as football , volleyball , basketball and other positions II and III sportsfeaulred in KONI body Maluku Province

METHODSApproach and Types of Research

Approaches and types of research used in this research is ·qualitative Naturalistic. Toobtain data about why there is a conflict, leadership and conflict management model thatshould be applied to the organization of sport in the Moluccas, in order to be functional,data source is' the chairman and former chairman of KONI daily Maluku, chairman andformer executive director / general KONI district / city , KONI Maluku, and KONIdistrict / city, cultural, traditional leaders, community leaders, coaches and athletes. Datacollection techniques used is to study the documentation, and in-depth interviews. Data

collection is done in natural conditions (natural setting). That the collection technique canbe done by observation (observation), interview (intervieu), and documentation.

Data Analysis TechniquesData analysis techniques used in this study is qualitative data analysis followed the

concept of Lacey, Luff (2001) form; data reduction, a data display, and conclusiondrawing Iverification.

Validity ofDataIn order for the process and the results can be accepted or believed that some

qualitative criteria in assessing the need to do that; long study, detailed observation,triangulation, per debriefing, negative case analysis, cO'mparing with the results of otherstudies, and member· check.

RESEARCH FINDINGSPattern Maluku Culture-Based Leadership

the general pattern of leadership in the organization of sport in Maluku need to beclassified into two parts, namely at the level of management and coaching level. at thelevel of coaching that is made up of coaches and athletes, leadership style that is appliedis the "autocratic open". While at the level of the board of management comprising theorganization, leadership sty'le applied is "autocratic closed".

When referrhlg to the level or maturity and emotional characteristics of followers ormembers, Maluku KONI sports organizations have admhlistrators and members of the

-level of n1aturity and emotional characteristics varied so th.at a pattern of leadership thatwill be applied should refer to the level of maturity and emotional Characteristics.According to the results of the researcll identifying the level of maturity and emotionalcharacteristics of the board and members, there are four (4) level of maturity andemotional characteristics, namely: Type one (Tl), type two (T2), type three (T3), andType four (T4) , Tl is the management and members of the lower maturity levels but highemotional characteristics, sllitable approaches used is "Inviting". T2 is the managementand members of the lower level of maturity and emotional characteristics are also low, asuitable approach used is "command". T3 is the management and members who have ahigh level of maturity but also high emotiollal characteristics, suitable approaches used is"Engage". While T4 is the management and members who have a high level of maturityand low emotional characteristics,

POLA KEPEMIMPINAN BERBASIS BUDAYA MALUKU

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Gambar 3. Hubungan Pala Kepemimpinan berbasis Budaya Maluku dengan kontribusiPrestasi olahraga Maluku.

Conflict Management Model based Maluku CultureMaluku known as thousand island has a background of different cultures from other

regions in the country. These differences b_y some regions it as something that is notnormally, because certainly different from the habits experienced in family andcommunity life.

The impact of the conflict in Maluku province KONI sports organizations can beboth functional and dysfunctional. Functional nature of the conflict resulted in an attitudeof competition, creative work, group dynamics, and motivation. While the impact 'ofdysfunctional conflict produces low work motivation, just running errands, the result wasnot optimal, and the target is not reached. The impact of functional al1d dY$functionalconflict is further through the appropriate approach to the problems encountered, it willhave an impact on the organization's productivity and inetease the··athlete's performanceas a whole. Learning from the experience of participation contingent on PON-PONMaluku previously, which when struck Maluku conflict but achievement increases, it canbe said that when the conflict does not arise in the activities of the organization, then theconflict is at a very low level and the organization is not ready to compete.

Intensity conflict at a low level is usually characterized by low motivation also,emerged apathy?, the result was not optimal, and the activities carried out was merelycarrying out the task~ the target is not reached, does not mean it and even each membermutually intolerant of errors that happened. Responding to like this then the leader shouldtake action to raise the initiative and creativity of members. Selection of appropriateconflict management approach is a model of organizational conflict stimulation. Conflictstimulation approach taken should be directed to stimulate emotional and behavioralmembers in· accordance with the target of improving the emotional at the optimum levelso that in the end will improve individual performance "cind productivity of theorganization.

If the condition of high intensity conflicts and tend to harm the organization, then theright choice is to perfonn actions that could defuse the conflict. Degradation method is anact appropriately. Efforts to rebuild the performance to be optimized in ways that

minimize adverse effects and exploit the conflict is at a favorable level is at an optimallevel.

Some degradation of the conflict over strategy is expected to guide the behavior ofmembers itl accordance with the objectives of the organization so that the athletes bemotivated and will ultimately improve the prod"uctivity of organizations such as theachievement of maximum performance of athletes. Achievement achievements as a resllltof conflict management in the form of stimulation of conflict, conflict resolution andconflict resulted in a recommendation degradation and revert to the leaders to re-evaluatethe performance of the organization toward the achievement of the following objectives.While the recommendation is given to leaders to be held on the next time.

Model-based conflict management culture of Maluku findings of this study is theresult of interpretation and reconstruction of tlleoretical studies by observing thephenomena tllat occur in the organization of sport in Maluku, Maluku communitycharacteristics and contelnporary theories. Efforts to design a culturally based conflictmanagement model based on the idea that the people of Malllku conflict is unavoidableevents in the life of society or any organization that needs to be managed in Maluku. Theexistence of a conflict as an indication of the growth dynamics of individual or groupscompeting for achievement.

Model-based management culture of Maluku conflict that should be applied to theorganization of soort in Maluku is as shown in the following: fiQ:ure:

MODEL MANA..JEMEN KONFLIKBERBASIS KARAKTERISTIK BUDAVA MALUKU

Gambar 4.Model ManajemenKonflikBerbasisBudaya Malulcu danPeningkatanPrestasiOlahraga Maluku

Conclusion1. That the conflict in Maluku province KONI sports organizations is due to the attitude

of selfish leaders with authoritarian leadership ~tyle, consider themselves smarter andknow better than anyone else, the lack of coordination and communication withmembers, do not have: abuilding of cooperation, it is very subjective, and a monopolyon organizational tasks. The conflict was deliberately created with the aim to createtension and mutual distrust antarpimpinan, administrators, and members, so that theleaders more flexibility in financial management and organization.

2. Leadership pattern matching to apply to the organization of sport in Maluku areclassified" into two parts, namely at the level of coaching and management Aras. At thelevel of coachin~""J~a~j;~H!.: ":~&:~"d~"~~*llP":;o,f:,.Yo"~~~~sand athletes pattern suitable to be applied

#iffi~tw ~~::1i~<{:/<':;:~:" ":>:

247

is "Autocratic Open", while at the level of management that consists of officers and,members, the pattern matching to be applied is "Autocratic Closed", \vith the followingapproach. Officers and members of the maturity level is low but high emotionalcharacteristics, suitable approach was "Invite". Officers and members of the lowerlevel of maturity and emotional characteristics are also low. Suitable approach used is"commando. Officers and members of the high level of maturity but also highemotional characteristics. Suitable approach used is "Engage". And Officers andmembers of the high level of maturity and low emotional characteristics. Suitableapproach used is "Delegate".

3. Coriflict management model that is suitable to be applied to the organization of sport inMaluku is to stimulate the enlotional instinct officers and members including athletesand coaches to the optimal level by utilizing the management and menlbers of theorganization as an object of conflict.

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INTERNATI(CONFERENC

SPOF5 C lEN

2016

TECERTIFICINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

OF SPORT SCIE'NCE .

PRESENAhmad N asrul10h

CURRENT ISSUES AND NEW IDEAS INSPORT SCIENCE TO PROMOTE SP'ORT FOR ALL

Surabaya, June 1th, 2016