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International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems: Transforming Experience

into Regulatory Improvements

Ottawa, Canada, 8-12 April 2013

Safety and Security Culture within the Regulatory Body

Mohammad Anwar Habib

Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority

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� Concept / Evolution of Culture

� What is Safety Culture?

� What is Nuclear Security Culture?

� Developing Safety and Security Culture

� Safety Culture Within PNRA

� Security Culture Within PNRA

� Safety and Security Culture at Regulated Facilities – An

Example

� Challenges

� Conclusion

Contents

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Shielding

Time

Distance

To protect man from the harmful effects of radiation

Nuclear Safety

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Barrier/Delay

To protect the facility from the harmful actions of man

Detection

Response

Nuclear Security

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Generative

Safety & Security is built into the way we work and think

Reactive

Safety & Security is important we do lots of it after every accident

Concept / Evolution of Culture

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� ““““Safety Culture is that assembly of characteristicsand attitudes in organizations and individuals whichestablishes that, as an overriding priority, protectionand safety issues receives the attention warranted by

their significance””””. (IAEA Glossary 2007)

What is Safety Culture?

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What is Safety Culture?

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Safety

Culture

Commitment

Involvement

Communication

and Trust

Learning and

Reporting

Training

Responsibility

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Interaction of Safety Culture and Safety Management System

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• Beliefs

• Values

• Attitudes

• Commitment

Safety Culture

• Policies

• Procedures

• Processes

• Competence

Safety Management

System

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� ““““ The assembly of characteristics, attitudes andbehaviour of individuals, organizations andinstitutions which serves as a means to support andenhance nuclear security. (IAEA Nuclear SecuritySeries No. 7)

What is Nuclear Security Culture?

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Developing Safety and Security Culture

� There can be three neutral elements for promoting

safety and security culture within the organization (i.e.

regulatory body):

� Overarching policy;

� Measures taken to implement the policy;

� Attitude of the organization and individuals to implement the policy.

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Role of PNRA in Promoting Safety and Security Culture

Protect the

Environment

Protect the

Public

Protect the

Workers

Establishing

Regulatory

Framework

Verification of the

implementation of

Regulatory framework

Inspections of the

safety culture

Promoting reporting

culture (e.g., events,

errors, near misses)

Providing platform

For open

communication

Establishing Regulatory

Framework

Security awareness among the

users of radioactive materials

and sources

Leading by example

(implementing state of the art

security system at PNRA)

Establishing control over

radioactive sources and

materials and regaining

control on orphan sources

Assistance and training of law

enforcing agencies

Safety Culture Security Culture

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Safety and Security Culture within PNRA

Following steps and activities have helped PNRA in promoting a culture of safety

and security:

� Establishment of regulatory framework;

� Conducting self-assessment and implementing corrective actions;

� Maintaining and implementing training programs for regulatory staff;

� Verification of the implementation of Regulatory framework;

� Inspections of licensee’s safety culture;

� Promoting reporting culture in licensees (e.g., events, errors, near misses);

� Providing platform for open communication;

� Security awareness among the users of radioactive materials and sources;

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� Safety culture policy of PNRA

“Continuous safety improvement is our organizational goal. PNRA is

committed to develop and embed a safety culture in all activities and decisions

and recognize that safety is paramount. Each individual adopts and follows the

attributes of safety culture to maintain and enhance safety in its activities and

decisions to ensure protection of public and environment”.

� Safety culture attributes identified by PNRA

� Leadership Commitment

� Decision Making and Transparency in Decision

� Personal Responsibility

� Questioning Attitude

� Learning Attitude and Recognitions of Initiatives

� Effective Communications

� Respectful and Blame Free Environment

Safety Culture Within PNRA

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Systematic Self-assessment

� Performance objective and criteria has been developed which is the backbone

of the self-assessment

� PNRA also encourages having periodic feedback from the licensee (i.e. NPPs

operator) to improve its processes

� PNRA formulated a question set which is provided to the licensee for effective

evaluation of PNRA. These question set are divided into four groups

� Regulatory Framework (to check the completeness and clarity of the framework);

� Regulatory Approach (to include soft issues like communication and interface during

authorization process);

� Regulatory Culture (to monitor the attitude of regulatory staff, safety culture within

PNRA);

� Technical Competency (to assess the technical understanding of the regulatory staff

about the regulations and application of graded approach).

Safety Culture Within PNRA [Cont.]

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Projects (Safety Culture Self Assessment SCSA)

� PNRA has initiated a project in cooperation with IAEA to acquire expert

support and guidance on how to continuously improve the regulatory body

safety culture and its re-assessment.

� The project includes:

� Workshop on safety culture assessment for the senior management at the

regulatory body/PNRA to have common understanding of the roles and

responsibilities of higher management to promote safety culture;

� Training course on safety culture assessment is being organized for the

staff of the regulatory body/PNRA;

� Safety Culture self assessment of regulatory authority (PNRA) will be

carried out by PNRA team with the assistance of International experts.

Safety Culture Within PNRA [Cont.]

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� To assess safety culture as part of regulatory oversight of regulated

facilities, train the trainer program will be implemented as a part of project

to train PNRA inspectors with the help of PNRA School for Nuclear and

Radiation Safety (SNRS).

� After safety culture self assessment, improvements will be suggested for

achieving effective safety culture of regulatory authority. Similarly,

regulatory oversight will be strengthened on the basis of outcomes of this

project.

Safety Culture Within PNRA [Cont.]

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� Nuclear Security Action Plan (NSAP)

� Nuclear Security Training Center (NSTC)

� Radiation detection equipment to control illicit trafficking of

nuclear/radioactive material at different entry/exit points of the country

� Nuclear Security Coordination Center

� management system includes clear roles & responsibilities, information &

documentation control, training & qualification and Information Technology

(IT) policy (including cyber security)

Security Culture Within PNRA

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Safety and Security Culture at Regulated Facilities – An Example

Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (K-1)

It was the result of continuous efforts for improving safety and security culture

by the regulatory body that lead to considerable improvements at K-1 besides

spreading the message for nuclear power plants operating community that a

safe and secure plant is an economical plant with high productivity.

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Challenges

� A sustainable system for education & training and awareness

� Media management during public awareness campaigns

� Effective coordination of all agencies/ stakeholders

� Handling lack of reporting culture

� Considering human factors for enhancement of safety and securityculture.

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Conclusion

PNRA, being responsible for regulating all aspects of radiation andnuclear safety and security in the country, is committed to:

� Ensure that safety and security of nuclear and radiation facilities ismaintained incessantly;

� Promote synergic culture of nuclear safety and security; as bothcomplement each other to ensure public and environment safety.

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Thanks for Every one

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