International Conference on

Biodiversity

Abs Soc Indon Biodiv vol. 4 | no. 9 |pp. 269‐324 | December 2017

ISSN: 2407‐8069  

Beach Po

ol at Jim

baran, Bali , In

donesia;  pho

to by  Ayana

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Selected manuscripts will be available at 

Organized by 

SECRETARIAT ADDRESSSekretariat Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, Kantor Jurnal Biodiversitas, Jurusan Biologi, FMIPA UNS, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36ASurakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-271-663375. Email: biodiversitas@gmail.com. Website:biodiversitas.mipa.uns.ac.id/snmbi.html

Organized by Selected manuscriptswill be available at

TIME SCHEDULEInternational Conference on Biodiversity

Society for Indonesian Biodiversity (SIB)Bali, Indonesia, 8-10 December 2017

TIME ACTIVITIES PERSON IN CHARGE SITE

December 8, 2017

14.00-21.00 Shuttle from airport to hotel Committee -

December 9, 2017

08.00-08.30 Registration Committee Lobby08.30-08.40 Indonesia Raya National Anthem Committee R108.40-08.50 Opening speech [I] Chairman of the committee R108.50-09.00 Opening speech [II] Chairman of the SIB R1

09.00-09.15 Photo Session and Coffee Break Committee R1,Lobby

09.15-11.30 Plenary R1Prof. Dr. Sutarno Moderator I Made Supartha Utama, Prof.Dr. Eddie van Etten Moderator Johan Setianto, Prof.Dr. Diane Butler Moderator Johan Iskandar, Prof.

11.30-13.00 Rest, pray, lunch, poster presentation Committee Lobby

13.00-14.00 Parallel presentation IGroup 1: AO-01 to AO-06 Moderator Irnanda Aiko Fifi Djuuna, Dr. R1Group 2: AO-07 to AO-12 Moderator Suzanne Turnock, Dr. R2Group 3: AO-13 to BO-03 Moderator Ari Pitoyo, Dr. R3Group 4: BO-04 to BO-09 Moderator Pramana Yuda, Dr. R4Group 5: BO-10 to BO-15 Moderator Sutomo, Dr. R5Group 6: BO-16 to BO-21 Moderator Sunardi, Dr. R6

14.00-14.15 Coffee break, pray Committee Lobby

14.15-15.15 Parallel presentation IIGroup 7: BO-22 to BO-27 Moderator Yosep S. Mau, Dr. R1Group 8: BO-28 to BO-33 Moderator Saraswati Prabawardani, Dr. R2Group 9: BO-34 to BO-39 Moderator Joko Ariyanto, Dr. R3Group 10: BO-40 to BO-45 Moderator I Ketut Suada, Dr. R4Group 11: BO-46 to CO-04 Moderator Ni Luh Arpiwi, Dr. R5Group 12: CO-05 to CO-10 Moderator I Putu Sudiarta, Dr. R6

iv

15.15-16.15 Parallel presentation IIIGroup 13: CO-11 to DO-01 Moderator Yosep S. Mau, Dr. R1Group 14: DO-02 to DO-07 Moderator Saraswati Prabawardani, Dr. R2Group 15: DO-08 to EO-03 Moderator Joko Ariyanto, Dr. R3Group 16: EO-04 to EO-09 Moderator I Ketut Suada, Dr. R4Group 17: EO-10 to EO-16 Moderator Ni Luh Arpiwi, Dr. R5Group 18: EO-17 to EO-23 Moderator I Putu Sudiarta, Dr. R6

16.15-17.00 Announcement of the Best Presenters Chairman of the Board of Assessors R1Closing speech and other explanations Chairman of the committee R1

December 10, 2017

07.00-07.30 Registration for excursion Committee Lobby

07.30-13.00 Field trips to turtle conservation,mangrove conservation, Garuda WisnuKencana, traditional Balinese dances,and souvenir markets

Committee Lobby

13.00-15.00 Depart to Airport Committee -

Poster presentation: Ruhyat Partasasmita, Dr. (koord.), Dwi Astiani, Dr.

TABLE OF CONTENTSInternational Conference on Biodiversity

Society for Indonesian Biodiversity (SIB)Bali, Indonesia, 8-10 December 2017

CODE TITLE AUTHOR(S) PAGES

Genetic diversityAO-01 Storage of the papaya lateral shoot by cryopreservation

to maintain plant genetic information in the futureDini Hervani, Darda Efendi, M.Rahmad Suhartanto, BambangSapta Purwoko

269

AO-02 Comparison of different software for RAPD fragmentdetection and analysis in distinguishing healthy and gallrust (Uromycladium falcatarium) infected Sengon(Falcataria moluccana)

Hasyyati Shabrina, Ulfah J.Siregar, Iskandar Z. Siregar,

269

AO-03 Ecological and genetic diversity of Shorea balangeranin two types of forest

Fitri Indriani, Ulfah J Siregar,Iskandar Z. Siregar

270

AO-04 Utilization of informative SSR markers for geneticpurity assignments of kopyor coconut hybrids

Anneke Pesik, Darda Efendi,Hengky Novarianto, Diny Dinarti,Sudarsono Sudarsono

270

AO-05 Cross-species amplification of microsatellite loci inrelated Zingiberaceae species: Case study in CaringinSub-district, Garut, West Java, Indonesia

Annisa, Rini Hafzari, JokoKusmoro, Nurullia Fitriani,Mohammad Nurzaman, TiaSetiawati, Karyono

270

AO-06 Sex identification and genetic diversity of Himantopushimantopus in Thailand

Supattra Poeaim, WiparatSiripong, Krairat Eiamampai

271

AO-07 Drought resistance level of red and black upland riceaccessions fromEast Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Yosep S. Mau, Antonius S.S.Ndiwa, Jenny E.R. Markus, ShirlyS. Oematan

271

AO-08 Response morpho-physiology of several koro bean(Fabaceae) genotypes on various level of NaCl saltstress

Moch. Gufron Arif Ridho, SriHartatik, Anang Syamsunihar

271

AO-09 Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of multiplespawner Channa striata from South Sulawesi, Indonesiabased on mitochondrial COI

Irmawati, Joeharnani Tresnati,Andi Haerul

272

AO-10 Variation of RAPD banding patterns on 2nd and 4thgenerations of gamma-irradiated black rice plant

Farah Zulfa, Sutarno, Suranto,Jaumil Achyar D.S.

272

xii

CO-14 The characteristics of nest arboreal insect OrdoHymenoptera at Coffea robusta plantation in LahatDistrict, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Irham Falahudin, Awalul Fatiqin,Ardianta

302

CO-15 The biodiversity stands on production natural forest inTPTII Silvicultural System

Iwan Aminudin 302

CO-16 Level of eating ability from caterpillar SetothoseaAsigna Van Ecke (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) on palmoil plants

Irham Falahudin, Dian Mutiara,Aldi Ramadona

303

CP-01 Sustainable indicators of mangrove ecosystemmanagement for tourism development at the MaroonMangrove Edupark, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia

Frida Purwanti, Pujiono W.Purnomo, Siti Rudiyanti

303

CP-02 Menjangan Besar Waters quality profile, Karimunjawa,Jepara District, Central Java Province, Indonesia

Bambang Sulardiono, ChurunA'in, Max Rudolf M.

303

CP-03 Estimating carbon stocks of sediment on the seagrassecosystems in Bonetambung Island, Makassar, Indonesia

Yushra 304

Ethnobiology and SocioeconomicsDO-01 Ethnobotanical Study of “Pamona” Tribe

in Poso District, Central Sulawesi, IndonesiaRamadhanil Pitopang, KurniawanB. Banjolu, Orryani Lambui,Samsurizal M Sulaiman,Muhammad Rusydi, SudarkamMertosono, Rafdinal, R. HamdaniHarahap

304

DO-02 Ethnobotany study on community around GunungGandang Dewata, Mamasa, West Sulawesi, Indonesia

Septiani Dian Arimukti, PutriKesuma Wardhani

305

DO-03 Management of bamboo garden (talun bambu) bycommunity Pangauban Village, Pacet Sub-district,Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia:Plants diversity and change of bamboo garden land use

Budi Irawan, Randi Hendrawan,Dwi Rustam Kendarto, BudhiGunawan,

305

DO-04 Ethnobotany of important medicinal plants growing likeweed and their conservation

Mohd. Ahmad, Amit K. Tripathi,Jyoti K. Sharma

305

DO-05 Feasibility study and carrying capacity of Lake Baturecosystem to preserve tilapia fish farming in Bali,Indonesia

I Wayan Budiasa, I Gusti NgurahSantosa, I Gusti Agung AyuAmbarawati, I Ketut Suada, INyoman Sunarta, NataliyaShchegolkova

306

DO-06 Strategy of Baduy community, South Banten, Indonesia,to maintain practicing sustainable swidden farming bytemporary migration to non-Baduy area

Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar,Johan Iskandar,

306

DO-07 The important role of small-scale farmers in maintainingbiodiversity and strengthening local food security inBali, Indonesia

I Made Supartha Utama, I KetutBudi Susrusa, Gusti Ngurah AlitSusanta Wirya, Putu Sudiarta

307

DO-08 Text analysis of scientific publication of biodiversity inIndonesia: Indonesian researcher vs. foreign researchers

Irene M. Nadhiroh, Tri Handayani,Ria Hardiyati, Miea Amelia, RizkaRahmaida

307

xvi

Keynote speechAA-01 Role of biodiversity and conservation research under

Global Climate ChangeSutarno 323

AA-02 Biodiversity impacts of fire at local, regional and globalscales

Eddie van Etten 323

AA-03 The arts and biocultural diversity Diane Butler 324

Note: A. Genetic Diversity, B. Diversity of Species, C. Diversity of Ecosystem, D. Ethnobiology and Socioeconomics, E.Bioscience (Life Science and Technology); O. Oral, P. Poster; AA. Keynote speech

The Important Role of Small‐scale Farmers in Maintaining Biodiversity and Strengthening Local Food Security in Bali 

I Made Supartha Utama, I Ketut Budi Susrusa, Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta Wirya, and Putu Sudiarta Udayana Community Development Program (UCDP)  

Udayana University, Bali – Indonesia E‐mail: supartha_utama@unud.ac.id 

Phone: +62 361 226346   

ABSTRACT 

In general, the  farming system  in Bali  is occupied by small‐scale  family  farmers of who have  lands, on average, less than one hectare.  During the decade of 2003‐2013, there was a significant decrease in the number of family farmers of which means that there was substantially shifted of lands from agriculture to non‐agricultural purposes. The cost of living, lifestyles and skyrocketing of land prices are recognized as part of the causes of the reduction of the shifted lands.  The small‐scale farmers who grow different species of crops on small  farms are essential  in maintaining biodiversity. The decline of biodiversity  is not  just as a result of the depletion of agricultural  land, also due to the tendency of the use of hybrid seeds to meet the needs of the rapid growth of the tourism sector. Another concern is that the intensive use  of  agro‐chemicals  to  cultivate  and  protect  the  hybrid  crops  could  kill  living  creatures  that  are important  in  maintaining  the  environment  for  sustainable  agricultural  farming  systems.  Those explanations  indicate that the future  local food security could be threatened.     There  is an  initiative of different  institutions  to  preserve  local  seeds mainly  the  extinct  species  by  developing  community  or farmers'  seed  bank.  Strengthening  small‐scale  farmers  in  the  food  chain  system  by  developing environmentally friendly technologies is important 

Keywords:  Small‐scale farmer, biodiversity, food security, seed bank, local seeds. 

 

Outlines

IntroductionMethods to Develop the ArticleDiscussionConclusion

Total area of Bali is 5,637 km2 or 0,29% of total area of Indonesia.Agriculture land 354,406  hectars; consists of paddy wet land 80,542 hectars and non‐paddy land 273,864 hectars (BPS Bali, 2015)

Introduction:Dilemma of the agribusiness system, Consumer's demand and Gov. Regulation

Agribusiness System

Consumer ‘s TrendGlobal Trends and Gov. 

RegulationLocal Consumers Institutional Consumers / 

Tourists

• Small scale actors• Long distribution chains

• Less value oriented –short term transaction

• Production problems• Biodiversity & Environmental Condition

More educated urban consumers

• Intrinsic quality dominant

• Low price – high quality

• Convenient market Less educated consumers

• Buying decision price dominant

• Knowledgeable• Safe and healthy food• Needs for food safety 

and quality management system … traceable …. Int. Certification

• Concern on biodiversity and environment

• ISO 22000 Food Safety Management System in the whole supply chain.

• Growing of Non‐Tariff Berries• RI Laws No. 8 – 2012 for Food 

…. Related to food safety• RI Laws No. 41 – 2009 about 

Protection of Agricultural Land  for Sust. Food production

• RI Laws No. 13 – 2010 about Horticulture

• National Certification … PRIMA 1, 2 and 3

Methods

Supported resources in developing the article:• Secondary data from Central Bureau of Statistic, Bali Province.

• Findings from previous researches• Value Chain Partnership Program (in the case of Bedugul‐Bali)

• Hybrid crops dominated• Flexibility to chose cultivated crops

• More than one species in one family farms

PROBLEMS:CHANGES:

• Less value oriented (inefficient and ineffective)

• Intensive use of agrochemicals

• Loss of Local varieties

DEVELOPMENT BY UP 2016• Tourits :12.8 mln (foreigner: 4.9

mln, domestic : 7.9 mln)• 323 Star Hotels; 1798 Non-stars

hotels • 2223 restaurants

CONSEQUENSES:•Dynamic movement of people•Need more land•Need more labor•Need more food and water•Modernization and commercialization

CHANGES:• Price of land increases

•Change in Life styles ‐Consumer habits

• Cost of living increases

OPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE:

• Increase market demands• More alternative markets and 

value crops• Encourage farmers more 

productive

The Change of Land in Family Farming Land Area (m2)

Family Farmers Growth

2003 2013 Absolut %

< 1 000 (< 0.1 ha) 134 375 72 855 ‐61 520 ‐45.78

1 000 ‐ 1 999 (0.1‐0.19 ha)  53 540 54 783 1 243 2.32

2 000 ‐ 4 999 (0.2‐0.49 ha) 132 027 133 185 1 158 0.88

5 000 ‐ 9 999 (0.5‐0.99 ha) 102 007 90 830 ‐11 177 ‐10.96

10 000 ‐ 19 999 (1.0 ‐1.9 ha) 53 372 43 528 ‐9 844 ‐18.44

20 000 ‐ 29 999 (2.0 – 2.9 ha) 11 343 8 846 ‐2 497 ‐22.01

>= 30 000 (>3.0 ha) 5 730 4 206 ‐1 524 ‐26.6

Total 492 394 408 233 ‐84 161 ‐17.09

Source: Agriculture Census 2013

Change in Agriculture Land 2003‐2013Category land area 

(Ha)

Number of Family Farmers Growth

Growth of Land Area (Ha)  

2003 2013 Number %

‐1 ‐2 ‐3 ‐4 ‐5

<0.1 Ha 134375 72855 ‐61520 ‐45.78 (3,076.00)

0.1‐<0.2 Ha 53540 54783 1243 2.32 186.45 

0.2‐<0.5 ha 132027 133185 1158 0.88 405.30 

0.5‐<1.0 Ha 102007 90830 ‐11177 ‐10.96 (8,103.33)

1.0‐<2.0 Ha 53 372 43528 ‐9844 ‐18.44 (14,766.00)

2.0 ‐ <3.0 Ha 11343 8846 ‐2497 ‐22.01 (6,242.50)

>= 3.0 Ha 5730 4206 ‐1524 ‐26.6 (4,572.00)

Jumlah 492 394 408 233 ‐84161 ‐17.09 (36,168.08)

Source: Agric Census  2013

Every year 3,617 Ha of agriculture land changed  to non‐agriculture purposes during 2003‐2013?

The value in this column is calculated from the average of the category land area (Ha) multiplied by the changes/growth of the number of family 

farmers

Characteristics of distribution channels and losses of Vegetables from Bedugul

• Channels 1‐3 are less value oriented 

• Channels 4‐5 more value oriented

The small‐scale agribusiness chain systems are not efficient and effective  to compete in dynamic  markets.

Utama and Kitinoja (2015)

TREND IN URBAN CONSUMER DEMANDS

Knowledgeable Differentiated productConvenience foods Safe and healthy food

Farmers in responding the dynamic change of modern market and institutional consumers

• More than 80 verities of vegetables and herbs grown in Bedugul area of which are mostly from hybrid seeds.

• Intensive used of agrochemicals both in open and closed‐greenhouse farms.   

• Inefficient and effective agribusiness chains.• Losses of biodiversity

Siaka et al. (2004) reported that the edible parts of leafy vegetables i.e. cabbages, mustard greens, lettuce, broccoli, and spring onion on open land, contained heavy metals Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn higher than those permitted by FAO / WHO. They concluded that the soil in the Bedugul area has been polluted by heavy metals. Another indication of the high use of agrochemicals was found in the contamination of agrochemicals in the lake of Buyan (Manuaba, 2008 and 2009).

Conclusion• Inefficient and ineffective agribusiness chains system accompanied by the high price of land and change of live styles have been recognized as the cause of the land shifting from agriculture to non agriculture purposes.  

• Biodiversity decreases as the shifting of the function of the land as well as due to the intensive used of the agrochemicals.

• Efforts to improve agribusiness chains which is inclusive for small‐scale farmers is important in maintaining biodiversity and strengthening  local food security in Bali

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