International Conference Low-cost, electricity generating heat engines for rural areas Dr. Teodoro...
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Transcript of International Conference Low-cost, electricity generating heat engines for rural areas Dr. Teodoro...
International ConferenceLow-cost, electricity generating heat
engines for rural areas
Dr. Teodoro SanchezEnergy technology Advisor
Field research into the cooking habits in rural areas of
Nepal and Uganda
Purpose:To understand the cooking and lighting habits, the energy sources involved and the people’s perception regarding benefits, constrains and challenges, in order to set the social requirements for the design of a successful SCORE stove
Methodology: Survey research
Filed research
General background
Common features•Landlocked countries•Poor•Majority of their populations are rural•Diverse geographical conditions
Common features•Landlocked countries•Poor•Majority of their populations are rural•Diverse geographical conditions
Sample survey
Uganda sample•471 interviews
•South •Central•North•West •East
Nepal sample •360 interviews
•Mountains•Hill
•Terai
Information gathered
•Household demographics, education, housing and living conditions, asset ownership, •access to water and sanitation,•agricultural production,•income and expenditures,•sources of energy mostly for cooking and lighting, •type of biomass using as a source of energy, •type of cooking stove, type of pot used, •need and interest of people for modern energy services (electricity, high efficiency and clean cooking)•others
Findings
Nepal Uganda
1) Family size (number of members)
Housing
Nepal Uganda
• Number of rooms in each house (1-9)
• But 72% of the houses have 2 or 3
rooms
• In the mountain region families tend to
have smaller house with fewer rooms
(27 % had a single room and 39 % had
two rooms.
• In the other two regions only about 5%
had a house with 1 room.
• Number of rooms per family varies
from to 2 to 7
• The west region had the larger
number of rooms (average 4.8), the
central region the lower average of
2.8
Lighting
Energy sources for lighting Nepal Uganda
electricity 62.80% 8%
kerosene
30% 58%
average weekly consumption, 0.4 litre per family
average weekly consumption, 3 litre per family
other – candles and batteries 7.20% 12% (10% using candles)
biomass 0 22%
hours of lighting average 2.5 per day average 2.75 per day
Cooking
Nepal Uganda Type of fuels•47% of respondents use wood for all their cooking needs•25% use wood for 2/3 of their cooking needs•28% use a combination of agricultural residues, leaves, twigs, etc.Quantity15 kg per person per weekNumber of meals3 or 4 Time spent on collection of wood About 10.5 hours per week
Number of pots used for cooking
Nepal Uganda
• For breakfast 80% use one pot
respondents, 18% use 2% use 2
or 3 pots
• For lunch and dinner about
50% use 2 pots and the other
50% use 3 pots
• For breakfast most people use 1
or 2 pots
• For lunch and dinner most
people use 2 pots or 3 pots
Fuel size
Nepal Uganda
• 58% use firewood 3-6cm thick
• about 31% use wood bigger than
6 cm thick.
• 10% did not know
• 24% use firewood less than 3cm
thick,
• 29% per cent used wood 3 to 6 cm
thick
• 35% per cent used wood thicker than
6cm
• 12% did not know
Type of pots
Nepal Uganda 97% use cylindrical shape pots 3% use non-cylindrical shape pots
Typical pot used in Nepal
• 65% use non-cylindrical pots• And 35% use cylindrical shape
commercial pots
Opinion of the interviewees about priority characteristics of good stove
Features of stove Priority in Nepal Priority in Uganda
Saves fuel 1 3
Cooks quickly 3 1
Smokeless 2 4
Many pots N/A 2
Low cost 5 5
Warms house 4 8
Portable N/A 6
Small N/A 7
Set of requirements according for a good stove
Attribute Requirements
Efficiency High efficiency Smoke reduction Use of chimney Number of pots ThreeSize of firewood To accommodate a range wood sizes, up to 8cm in diameter
Cooking position Preferably seatedCost Not determined
Size of the stove Small Provision of hot
waterConvenient in some case but not very important
Provision of space heating
It is important for cold places (Nepali Mountains)
Simplicity and safety Simple to use, simple to adjust or repair and safety is required.
Design Robust, stable on their position
Spare parts Availability of spare parts and ease of maintenanceInformation Operating instructions available in local languages
Thank you for your attention