SCIENCE ET TECHNIQUE DU FROID

REFRIGERATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CFCs, The Day After

L'après CFC

Padova, 21-23 Sept. 1994

Compte.rendu de la réunion des:

Proceedings of meetings of:

Commissions B1, B2, E1, E2

Edité pour / Issued for

INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DU FROID

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF REFRIGERATION

177, boulevard Malesherbes, F-75017 Paris (France!

1994-2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE DES MATIERES

KEYNOTE LECTURE

CONFERENCE PLENIERE

L. MATTAROLO - Thermodynamics, technology and

environmental impact in refrigeration pag

NEW ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS

NOUVEAUX FRIGORIGENESDE REMPLACEMENT

F. STEIMLE - Tendencies in CFC - development"

R.L. POWELL - Extending the range"

A.P. COHEN Compatibility and performance of

molecular sieve desiccants with alternative refrige¬rants

S. CORR, F.T. MURPHY - Composition shifts of

zeotropicHFC refrigerants in service "

R.W. RUNDLE, V.R. TARNAWSKI, A. AITTO-

MAKI - Exergy analysis of two stage cycle with an

open intercooler for alternate refrigerants"

H.W. SIBLEY - Alternative refrigerants: potential

impact on system design"

V. MAZUR, D. CLODIC, A. SHAMRAY Optimalrefrigerant selection multicriteria approach

"

G. LAVRENCHENKO, M. KHMELNUK, E. TIK-

HONOVA - Thermodynamical aspects of using mixtu¬

res of substances in refrigerating machines"

VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES

I. NOVELLI - CFCs substitutes: new threats for the

ozone layer and global warming; the Greenpeace cam¬

paign pag. 71

P. WORS0E-SCHMIDT - Acoustic refrigeration - a

CFC alternative?" 79

M. BURKE, S. CARRÉ, H. KRUSE - Oil behaviour of

the HFCs R32, R125, R134a and one of their mixtu¬

res" 89

Y. TAKAISHI, M. IZUMI, K. OGUCHI - Measure¬

ments of the solubility for the system of HFC-125 and

polyol ester lubricant" 99

J. DU PARQUET, A. PIRAS, G. BAYON - Investiga¬tion on the miscibility of lubricating oils with refrige¬

rants by mean of neutron radiography. Application to

the formulation of oils compatible with HFC refrige¬rants

" 107

T.T. AL-SHEMMERI, J. SPRIGGS, T. MURPHY -

Heat pump dehumidifier performance using alterna¬

tive refrigerants. Parti: theory and computer model .

" 115

T.T. AL-SHEMMERI, J. SPRIGGS, T. MURPHY -

Heat pump dehumidifier performance using alterna¬

tive refrigerants. Part II: experimental investigation ..

" 123

J. CHEN, K. BEERMANN, H. KRUSE R227-An

environmentally benign refrigerant for high tempera¬ture heat pump applications

" 133

L. SCHIBUOLA - Environmental, energetic and eco¬

nomic considerations about the use of endothermic

engine driven heat pumps" 147

G.S. KAZACHKI, C.L. GAGE, R.V. HENDRIKS,

W.J. RHODES - Investigation of HFC-236ea and

HFC-236fa as CFC-114 replacements in high-tempera¬ture heat pumps

" 155

TABLE OF CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES IX

P.G. MURA - Analyse expérimentale des performan¬ces thermodynamiques d'une pompe à chaleur utili¬

sant des nouveaux fluides frigorigènes pag. 163

B. HIVET, S. CARRÉ, P. LECOINTRE, C. GILLET

- Des mélanges zeotropiques pour convertir les instal¬

lations utilisant des CFC" 175

Y. YOSHIDA, K. NAKATANI, M. FUNAKURA,

M. MATSUO, R. FUJIMOTO, K. TAKAICHI Eva¬

luation of R125/R143a/R134a mixtures in freezer-

refrigerator" 183

J.W. LINTON, W.K. SNELSON, A.R. TRIEBE,

P.F. HEARTY - System performance test results of

HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC-134a (20%/40%/40%) com-

paredtoR-502" 191

J.P. BALARESQUE, C. MARIOTON Conversion

d'installations au R502 par du forane 404A (FX70) et

parduforaneFXlO" 199

C. APREA, R. MASTRULLO, F. DE ROSSI Alter¬

native working fluids in medium/low temperatures

refrigerating machines" 205

G. BASILE, G. BIGOLARO, R. CAMPORESE,

E. MUSSO - Performance tests of some HFC-HC

mixtures to replace R-502" 215

D. FERRARI, F.T. MURPHY, S. CORR, R.E. LOW -

Performance testing of R-22 and R-502 alternatives

based on R-32/R-125/R-134a" 223

N.J. HEWITT, J.T. MCMULLAN, B. MONGEY

The replacement of HCFC 22 in refrigeration

systems" 231

R. YAJIMA, S. TAIRA, N. DOMYO, K. MASUDA

The performance evaluation of HFC alternative refri¬

gerants for HCFC-22" 239

X TABLE OF CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES

E.B. MUIR - HFC replacement for R-22 pag. 249

XIAO FENG, YONG-ZHANG YU, LI-LI ZHOU -

A study on the alternative refrigerants for HCFC22..

"

259

A. GAROFANO, V. FABBRETTI - Theoretical com¬

parison of refrigerant cycle for air conditioning system

operating with R22, R134a, blends and relative expe¬

rimental tests"

267

G. SORMANI - R22 alternative refrigerants: test on

an air cooled screw compressor water chiller using a

ternary mixture" 275

S. MACAUDIERE - New range of HCFC-22 alternati¬

ves"

283

P. HATZIKAZAKIS, M.A. DI FLORA - Dual compres¬

sors application in air conditioners and heat pumps with

R22 and R32/R125/R134a (23/25/52wt. %)" 291

NENGZHAO JIANG, ZHAOLIN WU, WENJUN

XIANG - A research on room air conditioner usingHFC32/HFC134a

"

299

D. LUZZATTO, F. MAGNI, G. REDAELLI - Alter¬

native refrigerants: applications of R22 alternatives in

air conditioning equipment" 307

NATURAL REFRIGERANTS

FRIGORIGENES NATURELS

G. LORENTZEN - Natural refrigerants, a completesolution "

317

H. HALOZAN, T. EBNER, H. LAWATSCH - Pro¬

pane and CO2: two "natural" alternatives "

329

G. EGGEN, T. LYSTAD, B.E. FAGERLI Designcriteria for heat pumps and refrigerating plants with

ammonia and flammables as working fluids " 337

TABLE OF CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES XI

E. RIVIS, A. BIDONE - Isobutane - propane mixtu¬

res: comparison with traditional and non-traditional

refrigerants pag. 345

R. CAMPORESE, G. BIGOLARO, M. SCATTO-

LINI, F. ROZZA - Propane cyclopropane and isobu-

tane in small refrigeration systems" 355

THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES

OF REFRIGERANTS

PROPRIETES THERMOPHYSIQUESDES FRIGORIGENES

R. KRAUSS, K. STEPHAN - Transport properties of

1,1-difluoroethane (R152a)" 363

W. BENADE, D. GÛNTHER, F. STEIMLE - Ther-

mophysical properties of blends as alternative for the

refrigerants R22 and R502" 375

G.K. LAVRENCHENKO, G.V. ZAPOROZHAN,

S.V. ILJUSHENKO Thermophysical properties of

some zeotropic and azeotropic mixtures" 385

A.N. GUROVA, M.T. BARÂO, A.T. SOUSA,

C.A. NIETO DE CASTRO, U.V. MARDOLCAR,

P.S. FIALHO - Thermophysical properties of alterna¬

tive refrigerants" 393

V.Z. GELLER, M.E. PAULAITIS, D.B. BIVENS,

A. YOKOZEKI - Transport properties of pure and

mixed alternative refrigerants" 403

MJ. ASSAEL, L. KARAGIANNIDIS, S.K. POLI-

MATIDOU, W.A. WAKEHAM - The viscosity and

thermal conductivity of liquid refrigerants up to 20

MPapressure" 411

XII TABLE OF CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES

A.J. GREBENKOV, Yu.G. KOTELEVSKY,V.V. SAPLITZA, O.V. BELJAEVA, T.A. ZAJATZ,B.D. TIMOFEEV Experimental study of thermal

conductivity of some ozone safe refrigerants and

speed of sound in their liquid phase pag. 419

O.B. TSVETKOV, A.V. KLETSKI, Yu.A. LAPTEV -

Thermophysical properties research of some selected

alternative halocarbons in the St. Petersburg techno¬

logical Institute of Refrigeration (Russia) "

431

K. KRAFT, A. LEIPERTZ - Thermal diffusivity and

sound velocity of alternative refrigerants by dynamiclight scattering " 435

M. COPPI, L. DE SANTOLI, S. SANTOBONI - Elec-

troacoustic method for gas viscosity measurements ...

"

443

THERMODYNAMIC/EQUILIBRIUMPROPERTIES OF REFRIGERANTS

PROPRIETES THERMODYNAMIQUESET D'EQUILIBRE DES FRIGORIGENES

J.V. WIDIATMO, T. SATO, H. KIYOURA,H. SATO, K. WATANABE - Representation of ther¬

modynamic properties of alternative refrigerant mix¬

tures HFC-32/134a and HFC-32/125 "

453

J.D. MORRISON, M.H. BARLEY, F.T. MURPHY,LB. PARKER, R.W. WHEELHOUSE - The use of an

MHV-2 equation of state for modelling the thermody¬namic properties of refrigerant mixtures "

461

A. BERTUCCO, P. PALLADO, G. SCALABRIN

Evaluation of mixture enthalpies through a predictivemethod based on the MHV2 cubic group-contributionequation of state "

471

TABLE OF CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES XIII

H. RUVINSKY, G. LAVRENCHENKO, M. KHMEL-

NUK - Description of binary mixtures, including oil-

refrigerant mixtures, by means of unified virial equa-

tionofstate pag. 479

T. SAKO, M. SATO, N. NAKAZAWA, M. OOWA,A. SEKIYA, H. ITO, S. YAMASHITA - Thermodyna¬mic properties of fluorinated ethers as alternative

refrigerants " 485

Y. HIGASHI, M. FUNAKURA, Y. YOSHIDA -

Vapor-liquid equilibrium for propane/iso-butane mix¬

ture" 493

M. BAROLO, A. BERTUCCO, G. SCALABRIN

Prediction of vapor-liquid equilibria of refrigerantmixtures by a cubic group-contribution equation of

state" 501

S. LAUGIER, L. CARALP, D. RICHON - Equilibres

liquide-vapeur de mélanges de réfrigérants: mesures,

modélisation, prédiction"

509

C. BOUCHOT, D. RICHON Simultaneous measure¬

ments of phase equilibrium and volumetric properties

by vibrating tube densimetry: apparatus and results

involvingHFC"

517

G. GIULIANI, S. KUMAR, F. POLANARA, P. ZAZ-

ZINI - Experimental determination of vapour pres¬

sure of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a)" 525

R. JADOT, G. JUMET - Equilibre liquide-vapeur de

mélanges d'éthers fluorés" 533

M. OKADA, Y. HIGASHI - Surface tension correla¬

tions for HCFCs and HFCs" 5

B. LE NEINDRE, Y. GARRABOS - Prediction of the

surface tension of fluorocarbon refrigerants" 54k,

XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES

HEAT TRANSFER

WITH REFRIGERANTS:

BOILING AND CONDENSATION

TRANSFERT DE CHALEUR

AVEC LES FRIGORIGENES:EBULLITION ET CONDENSATION

D. GORENFLO, A. LUKE, W. KÙNSTLER,M. BUSCHMEIER - Prediction of pool boiling heat

transfer with new refrigerants pag. 557

J.R. THOME, N. KATTAN, D. FAVRAT - Boiling of

two zeotrope mixtures and R-502 inside a plain hori¬

zontal tube " 565

P. MELIN, L. VAMLING - Flow boiling heat transfer

and pressure drop for HFC134a in a horizontal tube..

" 575

P. ROHLIN - Heat transfer coefficients in horizontal

flow boiling of some pure refrigerants and their zeo-

tropic mixtures - experimental and theoretical results.

"

583

R. BARTOLINI, F. SCARPA - Experimental study of

acoustic emission in pool boiling " 591

T. AIHARA, T. OHARA, H. KITANO - Heat-transfer

and defrosting characteristics of a horizontal tube

array evaporator immersed in a very shallow fluidized

bed "

599

I. GOLOBIC, B. GASPERSIC - Generalized method

for maximum heat transfer performance in two-phaseclosed thermosyphon " 607

A. STEGOU-SAGIA, A. BRIGGS, J.W. ROSE - A

theoretical investigation of condensation of HCFC123

on horizontal, integral-fin tubes " 617

A. CAVALLINI, L. DORETTI, G.A. LONGO,L. ROSSETTO - Experimental investigations on con¬

densate flow patterns on enhanced surfaces " 627

TABLE OF CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES XV

Ph. BLANC, A. BONTEMPS, Ch. MARVILLET -

Condensation heat transfer of HCFC22 and HFC134a

outside a bundle of horizontal low finned tubes pag. 635

W. SHAO, E. GRANRYD - Experiments of condensa¬

tion heat transfer in horizontal tubes: influence of

tubelength"

643

S.P. WANG, X.Q. ZHOU, P.S. LIN, S.J. DENG,

X.X. YANG, R. ABDULLAH, A. BRIGGS - Enhan¬

ced condensation of nonazeotropic refrigerant mixtu¬

res in an annulus with petal-shaped finned tubes" 651

V.P. CHEPURNENKO, N.I. GOGOL, A.E. LAGU-

TIN, O.H. BATAL Capacity of refrigerating unit

condensers when different constructions of connectingcircuits are used

" 659

ABSORPTION

AND ADSORPTION SYSTEMS

SYSTEMES A ABSORPTIONETADSORPTION

G. TERNSTRÔM, G. ALY, Â. JERNQVIST - Diffe¬

rent working fluids for absorption heat pumps: a

computer study for district heating" 669

C.Z. ZHUO, C.H.M. MACHIELSEN - Dynamic cha¬

racteristics of an absorption heat transformer with

TFE-PYR as the working pair" 677

R.M. LAZZARIN, G.A. LONGO - Ammonia water

absorption machines for refrigeration: theoretical and

real performances" 685

J. LABIDI, J. PARIS, P. LE GOFF - Une thermofri-

gopompe à absorption pour la production simultanée

de fraicheur et de chaleur utiles" 693

XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES

R.M. LAZZARIN, G.A. LONGO, P.C. ROMA-

GNONI - An open cycle absorption system driven byI.C. engine heat recovery for building heating and

cooling pag. 701

S. DE OLIVEIRA Jr., P. LE GOFF, J. LABIDI -

Hybrid absorption-compression systems to upgradeindustrial waste heat "

709

F. ASDRUBALI, F. COTANA, L. SANTARPIA -

Thermophysical properties of H20-NaOH-KOH mix¬

tures: experimental data "

717

A. POREDO& - Research on adsorption refrigerationprocesses

"

729

A. BIZZOTTO - Pompe à chaleur à absorption de

vapeur d'eau sur zeolite " 739

J.L. PHELOUZAT, R. REY, R. NOGUERA - Etude

d'une unité de refroidissement rapide de plats cuisinés

utilisant le vide et 1'adsorption de l'eau par la zeolite.

" 749

G. MONCADA LO GIUDICE, F. COTANA - Latest

developments of researches on fluids for absorptionmachines

"

757

EXPANDED THERMAL INSULATING

MATERIALS

MATERIAUX ISOLANTS THERMIQUESEXPANSES

M. CAMPANALE, F. DE PONTE, L. MORO,

V. ZARDO - Separation of radiative contribution in

heat transfer in polyurethanes" 781

R. VAN SAN - Perfluorocarbon additives decrease

thermal conductivity of polyurethane foams" 791

TABLE OF CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES XVII

J-D. ROUX, C. MEYNARD - Rigid polyurethanefoams used in the field of domestic and commercial

refrigeration: HCFC 141b as a substitute for CFC 11. pag. 801

M. MODESTI, F. S1MIONI, S.A. RIENZI - Fire

behaviour of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate ther¬

mal insulators obtained using alternative blowing

agents" 809

G. BASILE, R. TESSER, M. DI SERIO, E. MUSSO,E. SANTACESARIA - Polyol and blowing agent

binary system described by means of the Flory model