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International Automotive Congress 2009 · - scope: vehicle level, system level, component level ......
Transcript of International Automotive Congress 2009 · - scope: vehicle level, system level, component level ......
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 1
Institut für Kraftfahrzeuge
RWTH Aachen University
Standardised Determination of Comparable Parameters
for Vehicle
Shenyang, 13/14. September 2009
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Gies
International Automotive Congress 2009
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 2
Contents
• Overview about vehicle benchmarking at ika
• Chassis benchmarking
• Further Steps
• Conclusion
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 3
Vehicle Benchmarking at ika
• Conduct comparable vehicle and component analyses- different vehicles and customers- scope: vehicle level, system level, component level
• Prerequisite for comparability: standardised analysisstandardised processes and parameters
• Installation of a vehicle properties data poolpossibility for the comparison of vehicle data
• Assessment of different engineering fields- body- driveline- electrics/electronics - chassis
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 4
Vehicle Benchmarking at ika
Core Competencies
prototyping
testingdefinition phase
studies & concepts
design
analysis of production costs
structural analysis
crash analysis
development of component tests
full vehicle crash tests
numerical
optimisation
market investigations
technology rating
simulation-based
concept definition
realisation of meas-
ures for pedestrian
protection
functional benchmarking
dimensioning
Analysis and Concept
Development of Body
Structures
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Body Benchmarking
Overview: Analyses and Parameters
• Design benchmarking (DBM)
- determination of mass, dimensions, sheet thickness etc.
- determination of manufacturing and joining technologies etc.
• Functional benchmarking (FBM)
- determination of torsion and bending stiffnesses of bodies-in-white
- determination of global and local stiffnesses and strengths of
body components
- analysis of crash behaviour
(deformation, energy absorption, force-travel-characteristic)
455
735
1059
800816
840
1084
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Body Benchmarking
Example: Torsional Stiffness
tors
ion
ala
ngle
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Driveline Benchmarking
Overview: Analyses and Parameters
• Measurement of tractive resistances
- What is the vehicle’s power demand?
- How are the resistance components distributed?
- Are there any abnormal effects in contrast to competitors?
• Efficiency measurement of driveline components
- Which energy efficiency characteristic can be shown for the
driveline components?
- How is the distribution of the driveline losses on different
driveline components?
- How does the driveline efficiency compare to the competition?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
time [s]
ve
loc
ity
[k
ph
]
V BMW [kph]
V VW [kph]
V Honda [kph]
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Driveline Benchmarking
Example: Wheel Hub Benchmarking
• Measurement and Benchmarking
- Wheel hub losses
- Residual braking torque
- Influence on fuel consumption
Restbremsmoment
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Raddrehzahl [U/min]
Ve
rlu
stl
eis
tun
g [
kW
]
0
0.132
0.264
0.396
0.528
0.66
0.792
0.924
1.056
Kra
fts
toff
ve
rbra
uc
h [
l/h
]
Maximum
Minimum
Radlager
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Raddrehzahl [U/min]
Ve
rlu
stl
eis
tun
g [
kW
]
0.000
0.026
0.053
0.079
0.106
0.132
0.158
0.185
0.211
0.238
0.264K
raft
sto
ffv
erb
rau
ch
[l/h
]Maximum
Minimum
wheel hub
po
wer
los
s [
kW
]
po
wer
los
s [
kW
]
fue
l co
ns
um
pti
on
[l/
h]
fue
l co
ns
um
pti
on
[l/
h]
residual braking torque
wheel speed [U/min] wheel speed [U/min]
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 9
Electrics/Electronics Benchmarking
Overview: Analyses and Parameters
• Electric Power Network Analysis
Powernet-Profiling© : Analysis of various power network properties
- Energy storage
- Energy generation
- Cable tree safeguarding
- Energy distribution and monitoring
• Electronic Architecture Analysis
- Electronic systems and control units
- System architectures
- Data buses (FlexRay, CAN, LIN, MOST, etc.):
Realization, Bus Type, Bus Loads, Sleep and wakeup procedures
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 10
Electrics/Electronics Benchmarking
Example: Electric Power Steering (EPS)
7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5t [s]
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
U [
V]
Battery Voltage
• Parking manoeuver with EPS (Imax 80A)
• Voltage drops with Umax 1.5V
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Chassis Benchmarking
Overview: Analyses and Parameters
• Determination of inertia parametersmass, centre of gravity (CoG) position, mass moments of inertia (MoI)
• Suspension analysisK&C test rigSuspension design benchmarking
• Vehicle dynamics analysisvehicle dynamics characteristics (understeer gradient, roll gradient etc.)comfort characteristics (defined test surface, body acceleration / K-value)
• Tyre properties analysisdetermination of tyre parameters (MF-Tyre, Ftire, etc.)measurement of rolling resistance
• Determination of damper propertiesfor conventional and adaptive / semi-active dampers
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 12
Chassis Benchmarking
Determination of Inertia Parameters
• Measurement of vehicle overall mass
in defined loading condition
• Center of gravity (CoG) position
in x, y and z axis
• Mass moments of inertia (MoI)
in x, y and z axis
• Employment of VIMM test bench
Vehicle Inertia Measurement Machine
1 – vehicle platform
2 – base
3 – hydraulic actuators
1
2
3
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 13
Chassis Benchmarking
Suspension Function Analysis
• K&C test rig
- kinematics and compliance analysis
- toe and camber angle characteristics
- vertical spring characteristics
- roll spring characteristics
- roll centre height front and rear
- influence of longitudinal and lateral force
Spur über Radhub VA
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
-120,0 -100,0 -80,0 -60,0 -40,0 -20,0 0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0
Sz [mm]
Sp
ur
[°]
Spur VA
Sturz über Radhubweg VA
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
-120,0 -100,0 -80,0 -60,0 -40,0 -20,0 0,0 20,0 40,0 60,0 80,0
Sz [mm]
Stu
rz [
°]
Sturz VA
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Chassis Benchmarking
Suspension Design Analysis
• Suspension design properties
- axle/suspension type
- spring and damper type
- types of control arms and bushings
(material, weights, measures)
- measurement of hard points
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 15
Chassis Benchmarking
Vehicle Dynamics Analysis
• Instrumenting of the vehicle
strap down platform, velocity sensor,
steering robot, data acquisition
• Execution of track testing
standard manoeuvres
lateral and vertical dynamics
subjective assessment
• Vehicle dynamics characteristics
understeer gradient, roll gradient, etc.
• Comfort characteristics
body accelerations, K-value (VDI 2057)
• Acquisition of measurement data
for validation of simulation models
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 16
Chassis Benchmarking
Tyre Properties Analysis
• Determination of tyre properties
execution of tyre measurements
• Fitting of tyre models
- MF-Tyre (vehicle dynamics, horizontal)
- Ftire (comfort / vertical dynamics)
• Rolling resistance measurement
determination of tyre rolling resistance
• Possible perspective:
Build-up of tire data pool
use of tyre parameter data for
vehicle dynamics simulation
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 17
Chassis Benchmarking
Determination of Damper Properties
• Analysis of shock absorbers
on a servo-hydraulic test bench
• Determination of damper characteristics
- passive shock absorbers
- variable shock absorbers (e.g., CDC)
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 18
Chassis Benchmarking
Example: Subjective Assessment
• Vertical Dynamics
4.6 Fahrkomfort
6,44
9,00
6,44
8,00
7,00
6,22
6,67
6,33
0
2
4
6
8
10
4.6.1 Federungskomfort
4.6.2 Schluckvermögen
4.6.3 Kanten-
empfindlichkeit
4.6.4 Anfedern / Kopieren
4.6.5 Aufbaudämpfung
4.6.6 Abrollkomfort
4.6.7 Lenkungs-
flattern / Unwucht-
empfindlichkeit
4.6.8 Lenkungsstößigkeit
Shimmy
tyre comfort
body damping
copiing
edge sensitivity
absorptiveness
vertical comfort
steering joltiness
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 19
Chassis Benchmarking
Further Steps
• Standardised process of vehicle model generation and validation
Hard Points Tyre PropertiesCoG / MoI K&C
Damper
Properties
Vehicle
DynamicValidated full vehicle simulation model
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 20
Conclusion
• Standardised analysis of vehicles
- Top-down analysis from vehicle level over system level to the
component level
- Usage of standardised processes and evaluation of standardised
parameters results in comparability of different vehicle
• Data pool of all measured vehicles
- Information about the spreading of paramaters for the measured
vehicles (possibly seperated into the vehicle segments)
• Chassis benchmarking supplies required data for simulation
model generation
- Pool of validated simulation models for further simulative
investigations
© ika 2009 · All rights reserved13/14 September 20099hr0120.pptx Slide No. 21
Contact
Phone +49 241 80 25601
Fax +49 241 80 22147
Email [email protected]
Internet www.ika.rwth-aachen.de
Institut für Kraftfahrzeuge
RWTH Aachen University
Steinbachstraße 7
52074 Aachen
Germany
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Gies