Internal Migration in developed countries

Case Study: The UK

Rural to Urban migration MEDC – The Background

• Although rural depopulation is now a worldwide phenomenon it has been taking place much longer in MEDCs.

• For over a century there has been a drift of people from the North and West of Britain to the south East of England.

• During the industrial revolution large numbers of people moved to the coalfields of south Wales and Northern England.

• Since the 1920s movement has been to the south east.

Separate these into push and pull factors in a table.

1. A decline in farming2. Exhaustion of raw materials – coal and iron3. Salaries are higher in south.4. The decline of heavy industries eg mining and textiles.5. Higher BR in industrial cities = more competition for jobs. 6. The rise of new post war industries eg car manufacturing.7. Derelict lad, older housing and waste tips seen as lower

quality o life in north.8. More sporting and cultural amenities on the south.9. Communcications easier to construct in flatter south.10. Joining Eu shifted focus to SouthEast 11. Links with Americas have declined.

Recently...

1. Movements have been away from major conurbations - due to demolition of inner city housing in London and a perception of rural life.

MIGRATION AND POPULATION STRUCTURE

1. Birth rate has been increasing for

the last 6 years

2. Population (thousands)

3. Males4. On average

females are living longer than males

5. Post war ‘baby boom’ generation 6. Age

7. Females 8. 2nd World War casualties

STARTER: Population Pyramids

Write the comments from the table below onto the correct place of this population pyramid.

1. Birth rate has been increasing

for the last 6 years

2. Population (thousands)

3. Males

4. On average females are living longer than males

6. A

ge

7. Females

8. 2nd World War

casualties

5. Post war ‘baby boom’ generation

UK POPULATION STRUCTURE 1989 - 2014

TASK: How and why do the population structures (pyramids) of Inner London and Eastbourne vary from the UK average?

Inner London Eastbourne

Source: AQA Past Paper Question 2005

Why would people migrate to Eastbourne?

• Eastbourne is a large town and borough in East Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, on the south coast of England between Brighton and Hastings. The town is situated at the eastern end of the chalk South Downs alongside the high cliff at Beachy Head. The modern town emerged in the early 19th century as a seaside resort, assisted by the arrival of the railway in 1849, and developed a spacious, regular layout.

• The town has an estimated population of 99,400 as of 2011. The town's climate, quiet charm and elegance have contributed to its popularity as a retirement destination and the number of resident pensioners exceeds the national average.

299 21UC Eastbourne Population 94.9 96.1 97.3 98.5 99.7 100.9 106.9 113.0 118.9 124.2

299 21UC Eastbourne Natural Change -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

299 21UC Eastbourne Births 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

299 21UC Eastbourne Deaths 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4

299 21UC Eastbourne All Migration Net 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

299 21UC Eastbourne Internal Migration In 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.8 7.0

299 21UC Eastbourne Internal Migration Out 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8

299 21UC Eastbourne International and Cross Border Migration In 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

299 21UC Eastbourne International and Cross Border Migration Out 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031

Homework - Research

• Get ase study material on internal migration in an LEDC. Waugh pg 366 Tunisia

• Brazil – rural to urbanCauses eg push pull/impacts – soc/eco/env