Internal Combustion Engine SJCHS. Fossil Fuels Gasoline: 4-12 carbons in hydrocarbon chain Diesel:...
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Transcript of Internal Combustion Engine SJCHS. Fossil Fuels Gasoline: 4-12 carbons in hydrocarbon chain Diesel:...
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Internal Combustion Engine
SJCHS
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Fossil Fuels
• Gasoline: 4-12 carbons in hydrocarbon chain• Diesel: 8-25 carbons in hydrocarbon chain; 113% more energy than gasoline; more expensive
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Fossil Fuels Pollution from fossil fuels
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Fossil Fuels Pollution of diesel versus gasoline
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NGHG: Non-greenhouse gas emissionsGHG: Greenhouse gases
Diesel emissions have decreased over time but cleaner fuel decreases fuel efficiencies;
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Fossil Fuels
Fuel costs have risen
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Fossil Fuels
US imports45% of our oil supply; prices and supply depends on international events
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Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are nonrenewable; worldwide production of oil will peak by 2050; the world will run out of “cheap” oil
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Fossil Fuels
4 stroke internal combustion engine (ICE)Gasoline- compressed air/fuel mixture ignited by a spark powers car; 20-30% engine efficiency
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Fossil Fuels
Diesel ICE: fuel injected into compressed air causing ignition which powers car; 45% engine efficiency; Diesel ICEs need higher pressures (increases costs)
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Biofuels Biofuels: Fuels made from plants that run an ICE; renewable; made domesticallyEthanol- “biogas” (E85) Biodiesel (B100, B20)
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• How is ethanol made?
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Biofuels Ethanol: C2 H5 OH; different plants have different energy contents
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Biofuels Ethanol overall has lower emissions though individual pollutants can be higher than gasoline
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Biofuels
Ethanol costs more than gasoline
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Biofuels
There are fewer E85 stations outside the Midwest
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Biofuels
Ethanol: Extends spark plug life, reduces engine deposits; lower fuel economy; may not ignite in cold weather; E85 corrosive (need specialized engine parts)
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Biofuels Biodiesel: Can be made with plants or waste vegetable oil; different plants have different energy contents
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• How is biodiesel made?
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Biofuels Biodiesel overall has lower emissions though individual pollutants can be higher than diesel
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Biofuels
Biodiesel costs more than diesel
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Biofuels
There are few B20/B100 stations
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Biofuels
Biodiesels: Better lubricant, reduces engine deposits; lower fuel economy; can freeze/gel in cold weather
B100:Need to replace different engine parts to avoid clogging
B20: No modifications
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Improving the ICE
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Improving the ICE
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Improving the ICE
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Improving the ICE
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Improving the ICE
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Improving the ICE
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Improving the ICE
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