Intermediate meeting of Subgroup: Emerging techniques for ... · 5/5/2011 · Emerging techniques...
-
Upload
trinhxuyen -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
7
Transcript of Intermediate meeting of Subgroup: Emerging techniques for ... · 5/5/2011 · Emerging techniques...
1
Intermediate meeting of Subgroup:
Emerging techniques for combustion
installations between 50 and 500 MWth
Chaired by Emmanuel Fiani (ADEME)
–
Work programme
Michael Hiete (EGTEI Secretariat)
Simon Schulte Beerbühl (EGTEI Secretariat)
UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 2
• Background
• Mandate
• Motivation
• Definition of “emerging”
• Aim of sub-group
• Expected Outcomes
• Biomass Gasification
• Lignite Predrying
• Organisation of future work
Structure
2
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 3
Background
47th Session of WGSR:
Draft 2011 Workplan for the Implementation of
the Convention:
1.7 Techno-Economic Issues
...(g) Continue the work on emerging technologies for
combustion plants lower than 500 MW;
Mandate for the subgroup
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
3
5
Motivation for the subgroup’s work
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
6
What does “emerging” mean?
idea scaleplan
process
feasibility
process
testing
piloting
full scale
production
bench scale
pilot plant scale
demonstration plant scale
commercial plant scale
Emerging
(technically or
commercially)
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
4
7
Emerging technologies/techniques and applications
Structure of emerging developments:
• improvements of existing abatement techniques, e.g. ESP
• improvement of existing technologies, e.g. efficiency of a
gas-fired power plants
• techniques/technologies applied in other domains (emerging
applications)
• new (emerging in the narrow sense) abatement techniques
• new (emerging in the narrow sense) technologies, e.g. IGCC
Is this structure adequate for our work?
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
8
Aim of the subgroup’s work
Provide technical and economical information on
• emerging technologies and
• on evolution of abatement measures (primary and secondary)
for the coming 20 years (time horizon of 2030)
Provide information for modelling work (IIASA) and
EIPPCB with focus on:
• Environmental performance of techniques/technologies
• Rate of penetration for new or existing plants
• Applicability for new or existing plants
• Energy consumption and CO2 impact
• Costs
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
5
9
Possible structure for information collection
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
10
Expected outcomes
• Identification of general trends in the
sectors with relevance for air
emissions
• Identification of candidate emerging
techniques/technologies and
applications
• Data on environmental performance,
costs and penetration rates including
estimate of quality of the data
>>> report of the subgroup to WGSR
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
6
11
Biomass Gasification
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
12
Coal and biomass gasification
Background:Gas cleaning before and after combustion.
Example: Dust requirements for gas turbines.
Emerging abatement techniques:• Hot dust filter (pre-turbine)
• Catalytic additives in furnace
Emerging technologies:• Absorption Enhanced Reforming (AER)
• etc.
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
Discussed at the Kick-Off meeting
7
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 13
Why is Biomass Gasification interesting?Worlwide use of solid biomass: 40,000-60,000 PJth/a used for heating
600-1,000 PJth/a used for electricity generation
Mainly used in small installations (see SCI subgroup)
BUT
Growing use in medium scale plants (currently 10-50 MWth)
Technically similar to Coal Gasification
REASON
- increasing use of renewable energy sources
- increasing use of biomass residuals (straw, digestates, wood residues, etc.)
WHY GASIFICATION
- gas combustion has higher efficiency rates than solid combustion
- additional research in further biogas use (biogene fuels, FT synthesis, …)
- biogas combustors are cheaper, more flexible, CHP use is easily achievable
- fewer emissions (esp. NOx, PCDD/F, VOC and other organic compounds)
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 14
Total Efficiency of Gasification and
Combustion
Source: Gellert (IET): Vergleich von Verfahren zur
thermochemischen Erzeugung von Wasserstoff aus Biomasse
8
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 15
Electrical Efficiency of Gasification and
Combustion
Source: Gellert (IET): Vergleich von Verfahren zur
thermochemischen Erzeugung von Wasserstoff aus Biomasse
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 16
Possible roles of Biogas
What is Biogas?Gasified solid biomass, i. e. mainly CO, CO2, H2 and CH4
Biogas as a gaseous fuel for electricity generation- IGCC / CCGT (relevant for EGTEI)
-gas engines (moreover small sizes, 1-10 MWth)
- CHP use
- fuel cells
- highly flexible power plants (high ramp rates, operating reserves, etc.)
Biogas as input for BtL processes- raw material for secondary energy carriers (SNG, „biofuels“, etc.)
9
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 17
Components of Gasification Plants
Provision Gasification Gas Cleaning
FT Synthesis
CombustionClean Gas
- Drying
- Storage
- Conditioning
- Transportation
Fixed Beds Reactors
Fluidised Bed Reactors
Entrained Flow Reactors
- Dedusting
- Tar removal
- Gas conditioning
for FT processes
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 18
ParametersCombustion
enginesGas Turbines
Synthesis
reactors
Fuel Cells
(SOFC)
PM content < 50 mg/Nm³ < 30 mg/Nm³ < 0.1 mg/Nm³ n/a
Particle size < 3 μm < 5 μm n/a n/a
Tar content < 100 mg/Nm³ n/a < 0.1 mg/Nm³ < 100 mg/Nm³
Alkaline content < 50 mg/Nm³ < 0.25 mg/Nm³ < 10 ppb n/a
NH3 content < 55 mg/Nm³ < 55 mg/Nm³ n/a < 0.1 mg/Nm³
S content < 1,150 mg/Nm³ n/a < 0,1 ppm < 200 ppm
Cl content < 500 mg/Nm³ n/a < 0,1 ppm < 1 ppm
Clean Gas Specifications for
various uses of Biogas
10
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 19
Gasification Systems
allothermal autothermal
Selected processes and pilot plants
- Carbo-V Process by CHOREN
- Harboøre by DTU
- Viking by DTU
- AER by ZSW
- CHRISGAS by VVBGC
- Bioliq by KIT
- CFB-gasifier by CUTEC
- BioHPR by TU Munich
- VERENA by KIT
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 20
Carbo-V Process
- Autothermal entrained
flow gasification
- Low temperature
gasifier (NTV) plus
high temperature
gasifier (Carbo-V)
- Quenching with
biomass char
Product gas:
Combustion Air Oxygen
H2 16% 30-45%
CH4 <0.1% <0.1%
CO2 11% 20-30%
CO 21% 20-40%
N2 53% 0.2%
Hu 4 MJ/m³ 7-8 MJ/m³
11
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 21
Carbo-V Process
-Pilot plant since 1998 in Freiberg
(Germany) size 1 MWth
- Since 2003: 45 MWth
- Fuels: Wood chips, straw pellets, plastics
- Gas Cleaning: FF + 2-step wet gas
scrubber
- Up to 2003: Gas used in block-CHP
- Since 2003 (new plant): BtL test plant
CHOREN and CNIM1 plan to built a Carbo-V process + BtL plant (capacity
23,000 tons BtL). Start of operation planned in 2014.
(1): Constructions Industrielles de la Méditerranée SA
Source: Company data from CHOREN Industry
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 22
Harboøre Gasifier
Sources: Houbak (DTU), Biomass conversion technologies
Teislev (B&W), Harboøre Plant Project
- Fixed bed, one-stage, updraft gasifier
- Counter current flow
-Fuelled by wood chips
- Gasifier size 5.2 MWth
- Wet ESP for tar and aerosol removal
Problem: Tar + Water handling
product gas:
19% H2
22.8% CO
11.9% CO2
5.3% CH4
40.7% N2
5.6 MJ/Nm³
12
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 23
Harboøre Plant Scheme
CHP system:
-1.5 MW Jenbacher engines
-Connection to district heating system
First tests started in 1993
CHP use available in 2002
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 24
Viking Gasifier
-Separate pyrolysis and
gasification
- Partial oxidation of
pyrolysis gases
(autothermal)
-Commissioned in 2002
-Fabric filters installed
- Dust emissions (incl. tar)
< 5 mg/Nm³
-Fuelled with wood chips
- Size 75 kWth
- Condensate acceptable for
sewadge plants
Source: Houbak (DTU), Biomass conversion technologies
13
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 25
Viking Process Data
Product gas (wood chips):
30.5% H2
19.6% CO
15.4% CO2
1.2% CH4
33.3% N2
5.6 MJ/Nm³
Total unconverted carbon:
0.3% of energy in fuel
Engine efficiency
32%
Overall electrical efficiency
25%
Gasifier efficiency
93%
Source: Houbak (DTU), Biomass conversion technologies
26EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
Absorption Enhanced Reforming
Source: Company data from ZSW
14
27
- 2-bed CFB boiler
- Fuelled with woodchips
- CaO containing calcit or dolomite as
CO2 sorbens
- Athmospherical pressure
- Electrical efficiency > 25%
(ORC > 30%)
-Total CHP efficiency > 75%
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
AER-Process Data
Source: Company data from ZSW
Gellert (IET): Vergleich von Verfahren zur thermochemischen Erzeugung von Wasserstoff aus Biomasse
Product gas (8 MWth Güssing):
50.6% H2
16.5% CO
12.5% CO2
12.9% CH4
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 28
CHRISGAS(Clean Hydrogen Rich Synthesis Gas)
-Fuelled with wood and staw pellets
- Size 18 MWth
- Demonstration Plant started in 2005
- major modifications in 2010
- CHP use with integrated IGCC
- autothermal circulating fluidised bed
gasification
- air and steam / oxygen mixture can be
used for gasification
- operating pressure 18 bar
Source: Company data from CHRISGAS
Gellert (IET): Vergleich von Verfahren zur thermochemischen Erzeugung von Wasserstoff aus Biomasse
15
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 29
CHRISGAS Process Data and Plant Layout
Product gas (18 MWth):
18.9% H2
19.1% CO
44.8% CO2
13.2% CH4
11.7 MJ/Nm³
Source: Company data from CHRISGAS
Gellert (IET): Vergleich von Verfahren zur thermochemischen Erzeugung von Wasserstoff aus Biomasse
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 30
Summary
Carbo-V
(comb. air)
Carbo-V
(oxygen)Harboøre Viking
AER
(Güssing)CHRISGAS
Size 45 MWth 5.2 MWth 75 kW th 8 MWth 18 MW th
ηel n/a n/a 32% 25% >25% 32%
H2 vol-% 16 30-45 19 30.5 50.6 18.9
CO vol-% 21 20-40 22.8 19.6 16.5 19.1
CH4 vol-% < 0.1 < 0.1 5.3 1.2 12.9 13.2
CO2 vol-% 11 20-30 11.9 15.4 12.5 44.8
N2 vol-% 53 0.2 40.7 33.3 n/a n/a
LHV
(MJ/Nm³)4 7-8 5.6 5.6 n/a 11.7
16
31
Lignite Predrying
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 32
Source: RWE, Presentation „WTA Technology“
Potential of Lignite use
17
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 33
Lignite
Predrying
May increase efficiency by up to 4%-points,
i. e. ressource savings of up to 10%
Prototype already in place since 2007
in Niederaussem, Germany (RWE)
Important for lignite post combustion
CO2 capture
Investment increases by approx. 5%
Planned for commercialisation at the 3rd
generation of „optimised lignite plants“ (BoA)
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 34
Source: RWE, Presentation „WTA Technology“
Scheme of Dryer
18
EGTEI Subgroup "EmTech50-500", Rome, 5 May 2011 35
Boiler Construction Changes
predried lignite„wet“ lignite
Additional equipment:
mills and FGR ducts
Source: RWE, Presentation „WTA
Technology“