Interlinking rivers 2 - Interlinking Indian Rivers - Short Presentation 1 - Reticular Canal Systems...

SECTION 5 RETICULAR CANAL SYSTEM FOR INTERLINKING INDIAN RIVERS

SECTION 5RETICULAR CANAL SYSTEM FOR INTERLINKING INDIAN RIVERSBy, Dr. Shivu. P.No. 757, Vinayamarga, 11th cross, Siddarthanagar, Mysore 11. PIN: 570011.Cell: 9448477380, Land phone:0821 2561277Mail: [email protected]

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SECTION 5: RETICULAR CANAL SYSTEM FOR INTERLINKING INDIAN RIVERSWhy we need to interlink Indian Rivers?Delegates, Please note:2RCS is a new concept for interlinking Indian rivers.So, it is necessary to understand the concept with clarity.Since it is a new concept all of you will get lot of doubts.It is very essential to clarify the doubts, thus the RCS can be established without errors, and it is important as the nation needs to invest lot of money on it expecting better returns within a year or two.The clarification for the doubts for the present slide may be present in subsequent slide.So, please write down the doubts in the work sheet with the slide number in the margin, which is mentioned in the right lower corner of each slide.These doubts will be discussed in the interaction session.

Irrigation RCS: We need to get, what we want as our basic need. Water is the basic need of life RCS, a system to distribute water to the places we need.3

Reticular canal systemEradication of drought will also eliminates the poverty to the maximum extent especially in our nation where the maximum people depend on rain for their livelihood i.e. for Agriculture.Drought leading to Poverty acting as the obstacle in the process of national progress is the topic of discussion and it is the national emergency that we need to address. And the answer to this national emergency is present in RCS for Interlinking Indian rivers that I need to propagate, for which I seek the help of all of you. 4

RETICULAR CANAL SYSTEM FOR INTERLINKING INDIAN RIVERS

My talk under the present heading will be centered on, 1. Why?2. How ?3. So, What?5

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RETICULAR CANAL SYSTEM FOR INTERLINKING INDIAN RIVERS

My talk under the present heading will be centered on, 1. Why We need to interlink?2. How We can interlink?3.So, What is the use?6

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Section 5:Reticular canal system for interlinking Indian rivers;

Chapter 2: Facts and figures related to Irrigation:

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1. Why we need to interlink?

The reasons are many,and they are not my findings or These are not my words. 8

Source [16]

Topic series: 195. Topic: 1. F&F Poor rain fall.

RCS will supply the water continuously to all the places on needy basis and thus people need not wait like this.9

Topic series: 196 Topic: 2. F&F Water levels in reservoirs in different seasons.

Source: News paper.Water will not come and fill the reservoir in a fraction of seconds; rain is not going to happen like a flash. The raining is the process it takes its own time, and thus the flow of water in its path. 10


Source [17] All the water which generates in one river basin cannot be stored with any number of reservoirs, thus we need to leave the water to the sea which exceed the capacity of the reservoir and the people will not have any benefit out of it. 11


Source [18] On the other hand many reservoirs will remain empty waiting for long time for the rain to occur in its catchment area or for the release of water stored at another reservoir. 12


Source [18] RCS will supply water to all the possible places at the higher level itself, before the water reaches the lower level by assessing the water generation and the flow, not only in the reservoirs of the same river basin, but also from / to all the river basin. Do the same thing when there is good rain in the other river basin. 13


Source [19] Whatever number of reservoir system we have today with their maximum capacity is not sufficient for present population, thats way disputes are present and the tribunals to keep these disputes for decades exists. RCS distributes water to all the rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs and to all the places where ever we want when there is rain at any place which is higher to the place of storage. 14

Source: News paper.

Topic series: 197 Topic: 3. F&F Not enough drinking water.

Few decades ago only the surface water was the source of water, later people learnt to extract the underground water through open wells. Now, with the advent of technology in the past three to four decades people are more dependent on the underground water through bore well. The recent development is, most of the bore wells are empty because we started using the bore wells more than its replenishment. RCS will give solution for all these; the surface water we can use as per our demand, the underground water level will increase everywhere. 15

Source: News paper.Source [20] Source [20]

Topic series: 198 Topic: 4. F&F Fluorosis due to bore well water. Nothing of this sort will happen with RCS, because all the people will get purified river (Surface) water for drinking purpose. We need not use the bore wells for any purpose. Surface water is the safe water with respect to the chemical composition of water is concerned unless it is not contaminated (Polluted) by the human activity.16

Source: News paper.

Topic series: 199 Topic: 5. F&F No water for irrigation.

Is it possible to have good yield with this method? A farmer doing this type of manual work and the yield that he gets with this - is it going to keep him and his family well?17

Source [22]

Topic series: 202. Topic: 8. F&F Lack of rain leads to low flow of water in the rivers.

With RCS the people can sown the seeds at the ideal time and they need not wait for the rain fall to occur. 18

Source: News paper.

Topic series: 200.Topic: 6. F&F Over crowded people to collect the water from a tanker.

Situations like this will not occur due to scarcity of water (excluding the problems associated with the water supply system) with the establishment of RCS.19

Source [21]

Topic series: 201 Topic: 7. F&F Protest for drinking water.

Population over growth in a smaller area of land away from the source of water or When the demand is more than the supply done by the nature is the cause for all such types of problems. With the establishment of RCS there will not be any scarcity of water for any reasons. With RCS people need not protest like this for water for domestic purposes. 20

Source [25]

Topic series: 205. Topic: 11. F&F Scarcity of electricity.

With RCS adequate amount of power can be generated and can be supplied to all the parts of the nation through nationwide grids. These electricity generation stations are created along the course of RCS, at all the possible places where we get optimum height of fall of water from PC to SC in thousands of numbers with better capacity to produce the electricity.21

[Most cities supply water only a few hours a day and none provides 24hour water. A World Bank report says it is an institutional problem in water agencies, or "how the agency is embedded in the relationships between politics and the citizens who are the consumers." Only 13% of sewage is treated according to one estimate, leaving rivers and other water resources under severe strain. Some 700 million Indians do not have access to a proper toilet.Source [28]

Topic series: 208.Topic: 14. F&F Water only for few hours in a day.

All the villages and cities will get adequate supply of water for domestic use through RCS. 22

To solve such problems, we need to create the irrigation system, which is Simple in creation,Surface in situation (so, it is available for use all along the course), Safe, even if it breaks down, Secure even in the absence of monitoring, Synergistic to the present irrigation system, Saves money in creation and maintainace still irrigates larger surface.Sustainable in long run in the service of irrigating the land,Sufficient in volume (TMC), thus Say no to disputes. 23

RCS will act like a bridge between flood and drought prone area giving justice to both.

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This leads to decreased agricultural production Decreased personnel and family economy Poverty and decreased nutritional intake25

Insufficient water, poor quality of water in terms of chemical / microbiological parameters Increased incidence of diseases / work absenteeism / hospitalization Decreased productivity and increase in the expenditure Poverty and decreased nutritional intake26

Effects of poverty on:PoorRichNation27

Effects of poverty on:Poor: Decreased intake of nutrition.Smaller average built.Decreased working capacity.Decreased quality of life.Act like the reservoir of diseases.Increased burden on cheaper hospitals (Government and charitable)Becoming less competitive in the present competitive world and remaining as poor in the next generation also.Expects favors from the government / unable to lead the life in the absence of support from the government.

If the nation has more number of poor, then that nation becomes poor .

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Effects of poverty on:RichLess customers' for the products generated by the rich.Quarrels with the rich while paying the bill.Makes the rich to generate poor quality items to fulfill the requirement of the poor.Rich cannot expect more from the poor in many types of services (e.g. Health service).The rich need to confine himself in the place where only rich lives.

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Effects of poverty on:NationLess generation of the money through the taxation.Poor public infrastructure.Poor salary and benefits for the employs. Increased tendency to indulge in corruption to fulfill the gap by the employs. Increase in the incidence of crime.

So, there is a relation between the irrigation and the overall national development.

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Sources:[16] Times of India News paper, Page number 1, dated 25.06.09.[17] Times of India News paper, Page number4, dated 28.06.09.[18] Times of India News paper, Page number6, dated 1.07.09.[19] Times of India News paper, Page number2, dated 26.6.2009.[20] Times of India News paper, Page number 4, dated 30.6.09.[21] Times of India News paper, Page number5, dated 15.5.09.[22] Times of India News paper, Page number4, dated 1.7.09.[23] Times of India News paper, Page number6, dated 28.05.09. [24] www.3dsyndication.com. DNA-Bangalore 20.7.9, Page number 12.[25] Times of India News paper, Page number4, dated 30.6.09.[26] Times of India News paper, dated 30.06.09.[27] Times of India News paper, Page number4, dated 1.07.09.[28] Economy of India. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This page was last modified on 22 February 2009, at 23:16.[29] Copyright 2000 Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Ltd. Growth in per capita income raises India's rank.mht.[30] The Hindu Opinion - News Analysis MDG and Indias drinking water racing ahead at what cost.mht.[31] Internet: India statistics facts and figures neoncarrot travelog.[32] Google earth.31

Section 5:Reticular canal system for interlinking Indian rivers;Chapter 6: Facts and figures related to Reservoirs of India:

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Topic series: 278. Topic: 1 . F&F Reservoirs and dams in India.Reservoirs and dams in India.Map of the major rivers, lakes and reservoirs in India.This page lists the reservoirs and dams in India. Source [34]

Andhra PradeshNagarjuna Sagar Dam Srisailam Project Srisailam Dam Nizam Sagar joorala project rajolibanda dam kiol sagar Telugu Ganga Polavaram dam Nijam Sagar Reservoir Osman Sagar Sriram Sagar Reservoir Lower Maneru Reservoir Himayath Sagar Reservoir Dindi Reservoir Somasila Gandipalem Reservoir Dowleswaram Barrage prakasam barrage Tatipudi Reservoir Inchampalli Pulichintala Ellammpalli Singur Dam Dummagudem NagarjunaSagar TailPond Sunkesula Musi Reservoir pothireddy padu Ramagundam Dam Pranahita Chevella Intenuka Muriki Kaluva Reservoir jeri dam33


GujaratSardar Sarovar Project on Narmada river Ukai Dam near Surat Dharoi Dam on Sabarmati River near Dharoi Vasana Berej on Sabarmati River near Ahmedabad Check Dams 34


Himachal Pradesh+ PunjabBhakra Dam on Sutlej river, near Nangal Gobind Sagar Maharana Pratap Sagar Pong Dam Reservoir on Beas River, near Talwara. Pandoh Dam on Beas River, near Mandi. Chamera Dam on Ravi River near Chamba. Nathpa Dam on Sutlej River near Rampur. Jammu and KashmirSalal Project JharkhandMaithon Dam Chandil Dam on Swarnarekha River near Chandil 35


KarnatakaHidkal Jalashaya (Dam) across Ghataprabha Dhupdal Reservior across Ghataprabha Krishna Raja Sagara Dam Alamatti Damacross Krishna Basava Sagara Dam Linganamakki dam Supa Dam Kodasalli Dam Kadra Dam Tunga Bhadra Dam Kabini Reservoir Harangi Dam Narayanpur Dam downstream of Alamatti Dam Garura Dam Krishna River Hemavathi Reservoir (Gorur Dam) Naviltheertha Dam across Malaprabha Nethravathi river Linganmakki Dam across Sharavathi River Gajanuru Dam across Tunga river Lakkavali Dam across Bhadra river 36


KeralaBanasura Sagar Dam Malampuzha Dam Chalakkudy Dam Peechi dam Vazhani dam Mangalam dam Mattupetty Dam Kundala dam in Munnar Parambikulam Dam Pothundi Dam Walayar Dam Idukki arch dam in idukki Mullaperiyar Dam Malankara Dam Neyyar Dam Siruvani Dam Meenkara Dam Kanjhirapuzha Chulliyar Dam Jeevana dam 37


Madhya PradeshBansagar Bargi Dam Barna Dam Gandhi Sagar dam Indirasagar Madikheda Dam Narmada Dam Project Rajghat Tawa Reservoir halali dam kolar dam kerwa dam 38


MaharashtraMULA Dam, Rahuri - River MULA Koyna Dam - River Koyna Jaikwadi Ujani -River Bhima Mulshi Dam - River Mula Khadakwasla - River Mutha Kolkewadi Dam Panshet - River Mutha Radhanagari Bhatsa Tansa Vaitarna Pawna - River Pawna Bhandardara Gangapur Dam, Nashik Ozarkhed Dam, Nashik Karanjwan Dam Nandur Madhmeshwar Dam Yeldari on Purna River Near Parbhani Siddheshwar on Purna River Near Parbhani Manar On River Manar Near Nanded Girna On River Girna Chaskaman On River Bhima Near Rajgurunagar Pravara On River Godavari Isapur Dam on River Painganga River. Bhadardara On River Pravara 39


MeghalayaUmiam Lake OrissaBalimela Reservoir Hirakud Dam on Mahanadi River near Sambalpur Balimela Reservoir Jalaput on Machkund River near Jaypore, Koraput District Indravati Dam on river Indravati in kalahandi district Salia dam on river Kharkhari in Ganjam District 40


Tamil NaduAliyar Reservoir Amaravathi Reservoir Amaravathi Dam Anaikuttam Reservoir Anainaduvu Reservoir Bhavanisagar Reservoir Chittar Reservoir Chittar Reservoir-1 Chittar Reservoir-2 Gatana Reservoir Golwarpatti Reservoir Gomukhinadhi Reservoir Gundar Reservoir Gunderippalam Reservoir Kariakoil Reservoir Karupppanadhi Reservoir Kelavarapalli Reservoir Kesarigulihalla Reservoir Kodaganar Reservoir Kovilar Reservoir Krishnagiri Reservoir Kullursandai Reservoir Kutharaiyar Reservoir Soolagiri chinnar Reservoir Stanley Reservoir Thambalahalli Reservoir Thirumurthi Reservoir Thoppaiyar Reservoir Thunakadavu Reservoir Uppar Reservoir Upper Nirar Wier Vaigai Dam Vaigai Reservoir Vaniyar Reservoir Varadamanadhi Reservoir Varattupallam Reservoir Vattamalaikarai Odai Reservoir Vembakottai Reservoir Vidur Reservoir Willingdon Reservoir Lower Nirar Reservoir Manimukthanadhi Reservoir Manimuthar Reservoir Manjalar Reservoir Marudhanadhi Reservoir Mettur Dam Nagavathi Reservoir Noyyal Oarathuppalayam Palar Porandalar Reservoir Pambar Reservoir Parambikulam Reservoir Parappalar Reservoir Pechiparai Reservoir PeriyarReservoir (Pilavukkal Project) Periyar Reservoir Perumpallam Reservoir Perunchani Reservoir Peruvaripallam Ponnaniar Reservoir Ramanadhi Reservoir Sathanur Reservoir Sholayar Reservoir Siddhamalli Reservoir 41


Uttar PradeshGovind Ballabh Pant Sagar on Rihand River in Sonbhadra Kalagarh Dam on Ramganga River in Kalagarh Parichha Dam on Betwa River in Parichha (Jhansi District). List of Dams in Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh (A) Matatila Dam constructed during 1952-1964 on Betwa River in Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh, Length 6.30 km, Height 33.53 Meters, Area 20,720 Sq.km., Storage 1132.68 M.c.m (B) Jamni Dam constructed during 1962-1973 on Jamni River in Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh, Length 6.40 km, Height 19.18 Meters, Area 414 Sq.km., Storage 92.89 M.c.m (C) Rohini Dam constructed during 1976-1984 on Rohini River in Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh, Length 1.65km, Height 15.50 Meters, Area 44 Sq.km., Storage 12.12 M.c.m (D) Shahzad Dam constructed during 1973-1992 on Shahzad River in Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh, Length 4.16 km, Height 18.00 Meters, Area 514 Sq.km., Storage 130.00 M.c.m (E) Govind Sagar Dam constructed during 1947-1953 on Shahzad River in Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh, Length 3.60 km, Height 18.29 Meters, Area 368 Sq.km, Storage 96.8 M.c.m. (F) Sajnam Dam constructed during 1977-1990 on Sajnam River in Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh, Length 5.15 km, Height 18.78 Meters, Area 290 Sq.km., Storage 83.50 M.c.m (G) Sukma-Dukma Dam a below water construction on Betwa River near Jhansi District, Uttar Pradesh, Length 2.15 km, Height 20.78 Meters 42


UttarakhandTehri damDhauli ganga dam Sriram Sagar Devadula Lift Irrigation Project Kaddam Manjira Reservoir Lower Tirna Purna Upper PenGanga Lower Dudhana Jayakwadi Dam Bhandara Reservoir Mula Reservoir Upper Pravara Upper Indravati Project Godavari Canal Upper WainGanga Majalgaon irrigation project is located in the Godavari river basin in the state of Maharashtra. 43


West BengalPanchet Dam Dam projectsNarmada Dam Project Banasura Sagar Dam - Banasurasagar Project Noyyal River - Tanks System Farakka Barrage . Source [34] 44


All the dams and the areas which are below the level of 500mts AMSL except in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Northestern states will get the water form RCS and the principle feeders will be the Ganga and the Yamuna.

All the dams and the areas which are below the level of 300mts AMSL except in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Northestern states will get the water form RCS and the principle feeders will be the Brahamaputra for the RCS.45


All the dams and the areas which are below the level of 900mts AMSL in south deccan platue especially the southern districts of Karnataka, western districts of Andra Pradesh and Tamilnadu will get the water from the RCS and the principle feeders will be the River Kavery.All the dams and the areas which are below the level of 800mts AMSL in north India like states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, northern district of Uttarpradesh, Bihar which are north to the course of Ganga and Yamuna will get the water from the RCS and the principle feeders will be the Ganga and Yamuna Rivers.46

[Water disputes: Height of almatti dam.State gets a good deal. Tribunal gives nod to raise Almatti dam height to 524.25 meters. New Delhi: In what could be a major relief to Karnataka, the Krishna water disputes tribunal-2 has allowed the state to build the Almatti dam up to the originally proposed height of 524.25 meters. Major decisions: Karnataka allowed to increase almatti dam height from 519 meters to 524.25 meters. Krishna waters decision Implementation Board to be set up: will monitor flows. Releases to be monitored every 10 days. Karnataka should release 8 to 10 tmc to AP in June and July. Award to come up for review in 2050. Water allocations: Total water availability: 2293tmc, Andrapradesh 1001tmc, Karnataka 911tmc, maharastra666tmc. This judgment has been given after 43 years of proceedings. Source [37]

Topic series: 282 Topic: 5 . F&F Water dispute Height of almatti dam.

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It is true, by increasing the height of the dam from 519 to 524.25 mts. It is possible to store more water, that we can use it later. But what is the use if we are not getting sufficient water to fill the dam in one rain year. As per the calculation the total available water is 2293 TMC, Andrapradesh is more benefitted from this because there is more land available for agriculture and more population is going to be benefited. If the water generated is less then both the states are under loss. The level of water (Height) in the dam depends on the rain in the catchment area (Inflow) and the utilization in the process of agriculture and others (out flow). If the inflow is steady throughout the year and the out flow is also steady then both the states are going to be benefitted. If we increase the height of the dam then we may be storing more water but the back water may immerse more inhabited areas and it may extend in to the neighboring states like Maharastra and other interstate issues and problems of rehabilitation will also arise.Topic series: 282 . Topic: 5 . F&F Water dispute Height of almatti dam. 48

With RCS all such problems will be solved. If we are creating the FPC1 at the level of 500mts AMSL, then the back water in the Almatti dam will raise only up to 500 (exactly 495) mts AMSL. Any water which is more than 500 mts AMSL will enter back in the FPC1. But the almatti dam will always be able to release the water to both Karnataka and Andrapradesh, what ever amount they need. Here the total water availability: 2293tmc, and the allotted water to Andrapradesh 1001tmc and to Karnataka is 911tmc, Maharastra 666tmc. With RCS the total water available becomes more than the requirement, and the states like Andrapradesh, Karnataka, and Maharastra can use 2000TMC or even more if they want, because the FPC1 will be continuously filled by the rivers like Ganga Yamuna Mahanadhi Narnmada- Godhavari Kaveri and Krishna it itself. Thus we need not increase the height of the almatti dam in this instance. Increasing the height of the dam may be the necessity in another instance, that we need to discuss, as such issues arises.Topic series: 282 Topic: 5 . F&F Water dispute Height of almatti dam. 49

Sources: [34] Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, answers.com, Wikipedia.[37] Deccan herald, Mangalore, Friday, december31, 2010. And Prajavani Kannada daily news paper, Mangalore, Friday, December, 31, 2010.50

Section 5:Reticular canal system for interlinking Indian rivers;Chapter 8: Facts and figures related to Drought in India:

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Drought:[With water supply running out, India digs deeper in to their drought.Because of the rapid decline in their water supply, India's people have turned to digging wells in order for them to have access to this fundamental natural resource. The people of India only digs more, and their problems grow deeper.Source [45]

Topic series: 294 Topic: 1 . F&F India digs deeper in to the drought.

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Drought:[With water supply running out, India digs deeper in to their drought."We are close to the finishing point," says a farmer from People Ka Bas. "The water is almost gone."It is indeed a sad state, especially since water is considered to be one of, if not the most important, natural resource that man needs to survive. For now, government efforts include water deliveries via train just so the residents of small towns can fill their buckets with water for 15 minutes every 48 hours. Source [45]


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With RCS underground water in all the places of the nation will reappear, all the present bore wells and open wells will be filled with quality water. There will not be any necessity to dig new bore wells with RCS. The free flowing surface water of the RCS will be good enough to use for domestic purposes provided the RCS is not contaminated by the activity of the people. Strict policies on solid liquid gaseous waste disposal will lead to prevention of contamination of surface water. 54

[India: More than 100 million at risk: Low rainfall during the last two years has caused severe drought conditions in 11 Indian States. An estimated 130 million people - 15 percent of the population - in more than 70,000 villages and 230 urban centers are at risk. Apart from economic loss due to low agricultural production, loss of animal wealth, inadequate nutrition and primary health care, the impact of the drought is likely to retard the development process. The most severely affected States are Gujarat, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh.

Topic series: 295Topic: 2 . F&F More than 100 million are at risk due to drought.

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Without rain most of the crops will be destroyed.Drought fuels India farmer fears.Maharashtra is one of India's most prosperous states - but despite that, farmers have been committing suicide for the past three years in despair at crop failure, drought and Growing indebtedness. There, the steady rise in farmers' suicides has become a shameful public scandal, even forcing the new Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to pay a visit earlier this month. Source [52]

Topic series: 304 Topic: 11 . F&F Without rain most of the crops will be destroyed.

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Topic series: 304 Topic: 11 . F&F Without rain most of the crops will be destroyed.

Water scarcity and loss in agriculture will never occur with RCS in any part of India. Farmers need not wait for rain in any season of the year. Water for agriculture will be available in sufficient quantity all the time of the year. Thus RCS will bring an end to the farmers suicide due to loss in agriculture.57

[Drought-proofing India.How does a drought translate into a fall in growth? Since agriculture constitutes about 25 per cent of GDP, a four percentage point decline in agricultural production should directly translate into a one percentage point decline in GDP growth. In addition, there are other effects. The linkages between agriculture and GDP arise from both the demand and the supply side. On the demand side, when agriculture does well, rural incomes rise. A rise in rural incomes leads to greater demand for industrial products. It has been seen that consumer goods do well when rural incomes rise. In some cases the impact is immediate, in others the effect comes with a lag. The sales of shampoos, soaps and bicycles might respond immediately, whereas the sales of motorcycles, fertilizer, tractors and televisions may have a lagged impact. Source [53]

Topic series: 305 Topic: 12 . F&F - GDP was known to drop when there was a bad drought.

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Topic series: 305 Topic: 12 . F&F - GDP was known to drop when there was a bad drought.

Creation of RCS will solve the problems related to irrigation and thus the people dependent on agriculture will produce more income. Thus, they produce more demand on the industry for their needs and ultimatly the industry and the agriculture segment together will lead to better GDP.59

Seven percent of the world's population has not enough water. By 2050, this will be 70 percent. Yet our planet has 1,400 million million million liters of water: 100 billion liters a head. But 97 percent is salty and much of the rest is trapped underground or stored as polar ice. Only 0.8 percent of the Earth's water is accessible--and drinkable: about a billion billion liters.It is enough on average. But some countries have too much. Others have too little. Source [54]

Topic series: 308 Topic:17 . F&F Water, the stuff of life, has become the source of dangerous friction.

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Topic series: 308 Topic:17 . F&F Water, the stuff of life, has become the source of dangerous friction.

I think the nation has to understand the seriousness and act according for the supply of water to all the parts of the country on emergency basis. If we take rest for few years by not taking any serious thought to get the water for all the people of the nation and if we plan the same after some years by that time we may be in a position to do the project but the international laws may stop us not to carry out any such projects and the people of the nation is going suffer from the deficiency. The word war for water needs to be understood efficiently. 61

During the drought of 2000-2001, a total of eight states have fallen foul of the rain gods. These included Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Chattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tehri Garhwal districts in Uttaranchal. Some states were in their second or third consecutive year of drought.Source [55]

Topic series: 309Topic: 16 . F&F Types of drought.

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With RCS all the drought prone states of the India like Rajastan, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, Panjab, Andrapradesh and Rayal seema, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, and Kerala can be irrigated well. The areas of the India which are coloured blue are flood prone that does not mean the flood is due to rain over that area, but it is due to the convergence of river water over there. 63


With RCS all these water will be diverted at their tributary level (at higher levels) and thus more water entering to the areas colored blue will be avoided and this water will be supplied to the drought prone areas which are colored brown in the map.

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Topic series: 310Topic:17 . F&F National commission on agriculture classifies drought.

We should understand that the drought is not the new problem and it will be there only for few years and then goes off. This is the human sufferings existing from many centuries and the severity is increasing as the population increases. With RCS we can eradicate all types of drought permanently.65

[Drought the silent threat to rural economy;Shortage of drinking water and starvation for food are the other consequences that emerge. Fodder problem drives away the animals to distress sales. Thus climate is the initial causative factor for drought; the implications are manifested by human interactions with the situation. Source [57]

Topic series: 311 Topic:18 . F&F Drought - the silent threat to rural economy.

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Topic series: 311 Topic:18 . F&F Drought - the silent threat to rural economy.

Since agriculture is the main profession of the nation and the immediate victim of the drought disaster is agriculture, we need to take measures to eradicate the drought immediately on emergency basis and the solution for this is the RCS. Since the Drought causes damage to the crop and thus the farm employment, the marginal farm employs are the people who are going to affect at the first and leads to migration to urban areas in search of employment. Thus if we create RCS all the farmers will have better income in their own village and will not migrate.67

Sources: [45] India-Introduction\Article Detail - Science News - QJ_NET.mht.[46] Internet: Drought disasters UNICEF.[47] Drought in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht.[48] Internet: Drought-proofing India.[49] Internet: Environmental issues in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.[50] Internet: Welcome to NRSC Drought. National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO/DOS, Govt. of India. Recent update in Feb-2009. 2006-2008 National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO/DOS, Govt. of India. Recent update in Feb-2009. Designed & Developed by CMC Limited. http://dsc.nrsc.gov.in:14000/DSC/Drought/index.jsp?include1=homelink1_b1.jsp&&include2=homelink1_b2.jsp# Welcome to NRSC - Drought.mht.[51] Internet: Welcome to NRSC Drought.[52] http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3916559.stm By Zubair Ahmed BBC correspondent in Maharashtra.[53]India-Introduction\Drought-proofing India.mht.[54] Famine.mht.[55] Types of Drought in India.mht.[56] Welcome to NRSC - Drought1.mht.[57]Welcome to NRSC - Drought2.mht.[58] Welcome to NRSC - Drought3.mht.[59] Welcome to NRSC - Drought4.mht.68

Section 5:Reticular canal system for interlinking Indian rivers;Chapter 9: Facts and figures related to Surface and Underground canals:

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[Irrigation: Underground CanalChoose another wonder.Length: 274,560 feet (52 miles) Purpose: Canal.Engineer(s): John Gilbert, James BrindleyBeneath the old county of Lancashire, England, lie miles and miles of underground canal - 52 to be exact. Considered an engineering masterpiece of the 18th century, the "Navigable Level," as it was known in its day, serves as a monument to the areas industrial past.Source [60]

Topic series: 314 Topic: 1 . F&F Underground canal.

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Topic series: 314 Topic: 1 . F&F Underground canal.

In RCS we will not be creating the underground canals frequently. It is because the underground canals may cut the distance travelled by the canal. But, that we do not want, because the longer the surface canal the more area will be the canal irrigates with more number of branches (Secondary canals). If the path of canals contains some chemicals then there is a possibility of making the entire RCS to be contaminated with that chemical. So if we are doing the underground canals in some part of the RCS then it is also important to assess the chemical quality of the water coming out from the canal. 71

Topic series: 315Topic: 2. F&F Canals of the United Kingdom.

Maintenance of the underground canal becomes more expensive and troublesome and the possibility of the collapse of the underground canal needs to be kept in the mind.72


The canals of the RCS can be utilized for various purposes like for recreation (boat house / holiday packages) since it will be with the nice sceneries.The canals of the RCS can also be used for transportation of materials and it becomes the cheap way of transportation all across the nation.73


Boat lifts and locks can be created at suitable place where the different level canals come in close contact. For example the FPC1 and FPC4 may come as close as one kilometer at some places so the boats travelling at 300mts AMSL canal can be lifted to 500mts AMSL canal. 74

Irrigation: [DUKE OF BRIDGEWATER'S UNDERGROUND CANAL AT WORSLEY. You can now SEE the tunnel entrances clearly. All the rapidly growing trees and bushes have been cleared away and the whole site is now visible. Source [62]

Topic series: 316Topic:3 . F&F DUKE OF BRIDGEWATER'S UNDERGROUND CANAL AT WORSLEY.

Under ground canal of Worsley. 75

Topic series: 316Topic:3 . F&F DUKE OF BRIDGEWATER'S UNDERGROUND CANAL AT WORSLEY.

The water which comes out of the underground canal may have different color due to contamination with some chemical? In RCS underground canals are not done frequently.

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Topic series: 317 Topic: 4 . F&F It would be possible to use canals to link the four great rivers of England.

A newly restored section of Stroud water Navigation which linked the Thames and Severn Canal to the Gloucester and Sharpness and the River Severn. Source [63]

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Topic series: 317 Topic: 4 . F&F It would be possible to use canals to link the four great rivers of England.

Interlinking rivers for the better utilization of river water as the demand for water is increasing with the increased population is not a new thing. But we have to identify the most suitable ways for our nation depending on the geography and water availability in the nation. According to me RCS will fulfill our need in the fields of agriculture, industry and for domestic purposes. 78

Sources: [60] BUILDING BIG Databank Underground Canal.htm.[61] Canals of the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.htm.[62] Duke of Bridgewater's Underground Canal at Worsley - Introduction1.htm. 26.1.02.[63] List of canal tunnels in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.htm.79

Interlinking rivers 2 - Interlinking Indian Rivers - Short Presentation 1 - Reticular Canal Systems...

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