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1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00587B-page 1
M
INTRODUCTION
This application note interfaces a micrange PICmicro
device to a Hitachi
LM032L LCD character display
module, with a two line by twenty character display. LCD
modules are useful for displaying text information from a
system. In large volume applications, the use of custom
LCD displays becomes economical. The routines pro-vided should be a good starting point for users whose
applications implement a custom LCD. This source code
should be compatible with the PIC16C5X devices, after
modifications for the special function register
initialization, but has not been verified on those devices.
OPERATION
The Hitachi LM032L LCD character display module can
operate in one of two modes. The first (and default)
mode is the 4-bit data interface mode. The second is
the 8-bit data interface mode. When operating in 4-bit
mode, two transfers per character / command are
required. 8-bit mode, though easier to implement (less
program memory) requires four additional I/O lines.
The use of 8-bit mode is strictly a program memory size
vs. I/O trade-off. The three most common data inter-
faces from the microcontroller are:
1. An 8-bit interface.
2. A 4-bit interface, with data transfers on the high
nibble of the port.
3. A 4-bit interface, with data transfers on the low
nibble of the port.
The LCD module also has three control signals, Enable
(E), Read/Write (R_W), and Register Select (RS). The
function of each control signal is shown in Table 1.
Author: Mark Palmer
Code: Mark Palmer/Scott Fink
Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE 1: CONTROL SIGNAL FUNCTIONS
A single source file, with conditional assembly is used
to generate each of these three options. This requires
two flags. The flags and their results are shown in
Table 2.
TABLE 2: CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLYFLAGS
Control
SIgnalFunction
E Causes data/control state to be latched
Rising Edge = Latches control state
(RS and R_W)
Falling Edge = Latches data
RS Register Select Control
1 = LCD in data mode
0 = LCD in command mode
R_W Read / Write control1 = LCD to write data
0 = LCD to read data
Flags
Four_bit Data_HI
Result
1 0
4-bit mode. Data
transferred on the low
nibble of the port.
1 1
4-bit mode. Data
transferred on the high
nibble of the port.
0 x
8-bit mode.
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DS00587B-page 2
1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3 show the block dia-
grams for the three different data interfaces. The
LCD_CNTL and LCD_DATA lines are user definable to
their port assignment. This is accomplished with
EQUate statements in the source code. See Appendi-
ces B, C, and D.
FIGURE 1: 8-BIT DATA INTERFACE
FIGURE 2: 4-BIT MODE; DATA TRANSFERRED ON THE HIGH NIBBLE OF THE PORT
FIGURE 3: 4-BIT MODE; DATA TRANSFERRED ON THE LOW NIBBLE OF THE PORT
LCD_CNTL
LCD_DATA
R1 (10 k)
R2 (330)
LM032L
RS (4)
R_W (5)
E (6)
DB7 (14) : DB0 (7)
VCC (2)
VO (3)
VSS (1)
PIC16CXXX
Port
Port
LCD_CNTL
LCD_DATA
R1 (10 k)
R2 (330)
LM032L
RS (4)
R_W (5)
E (6)
DB7 (14) : DB4 (11)
VCC(2)
VO(3)
VSS(1)
PIC16CXXX
Port
Port
DB3 (10) : DB0 (7)
LCD_CNTL
LCD_DATA
R1 (10 k)
R2 (330)
LM032L
RS (4)
R_W (5)
E (6)
DB7 (14) : DB4 (11)
VCC (2)
VO (3)
VSS (1)
PIC16CXXX
Port
Port
DB3 (10) : DB0 (7)
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1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00587B-page 3
AN587
LCDs (drivers) are slow devices when compared to
microcontrollers. Care must be taken from having
communication occur too quickly. The software will
need to control communicaton speed and timing to
ensure the slow LCD and fast microcontroller can stay
synchronized. The timing requirements of the LM032L
are shown in Appendix A. We recommend that the
complete specifications of the LM032L be acquiredfrom Hitachi or a Hitachi distributor. The literature num-
bers are CE-E613Q and M24T013 for a LM032L dis-
play driver.
When the module powers up, the default data transfer
mode is 8-bit. The initialization sequence only requires
commands that are 4-bit in length. The last initialization
command needs to specify the data transfer width (4-or
8-bit). Then a delay of 4.6 ms must be executed before
the LCD module can be initialized. Some of the LCD
module commands are:
1 or 2 lines of characters
Display on /off
Clear display Increment / do not increment character address
pointer after each character
Load character address pointer
The initialization flow for the module is shown in
Figure 4.
FIGURE 4: INITIALIZATION FLOW FOR LCD MODULE
Power ON
1) When interface is 8 bits long:
Wait more than 1.5 msafter VDD rises to 4.5V
RS0
R/W0
DB70
DB60
DB51
DB41
DB3x
DB2x
DB1x
DB0x
Wait more than 4.1 ms
RS0 R/W0 DB70 DB60 DB51 DB41 DB3x DB2x DB1x DB0x
Wait more than 100 s
RS0
R/W0
DB70
DB60
DB51
DB41
DB3x
DB2x
DB1x
DB0x
RS0
R/W0
DB70
DB60
DB51
DB41
DB3N
DB2F
DB1x
DB0x
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D S
Initialization ends
Power ON
Wait more than 1.5 msafter VDD rises to 4.5V
RS0
R/W0
DB70
DB60
DB51
DB41
Wait more than 4.1 ms
RS0
R/W0
DB70
DB60
DB51
DB41
Wait more than 100 s
RS0
R/W0
DB70
DB60
DB51
DB41
RS0
R/W0
DB70
DB60
DB51
DB40
0 0 0 0 1 00 0 N F x x
0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 1 I/D S
Initialization ends
1) When interface is 4 bits long:
BF cannot be checked before this instruction
Function set (interface is 8 bits long)
Function set (set interface to be 4 bits long).
Function Set
Display OFF
Display ON
Entry Mode Set
Interface is 8/4 bits long.Specify the number ofdisplay lines and characterfont.
The number of display linesand character font cannotbe changed afterwards.
Interface is 8 bits long.
BF cannot be checked before this instruction
Function set (interface is 8 bits long)
BF cannot be checked before this instruction
Function set (interface is 8 bits long)
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1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00587B-page 5
AN587
APPENDIX A:LM032L TIMING REQUIREMENTS
TABLE A-1: TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
FIGURE A-1: DATA WRITE INTERFACE TIMING
FIGURE A-2: DATA READ INTERFACE TIMING
Parameter # Symbol Characteristics Min. Typ. Max. Unit
1 TCYC Enable cycle time 1.0 s
2 PWEH Enable pulse width 450 s3 TER, TEF Enable rise / fall time 25 s
4 TAS RS, R/W set-up time 140 s
5 TDDR Data delay time 320 s
6 TDSU Data setup time 195 s
7 TH Hold time 20 s
Note: Refer to Hitachi documentation for the most current timing specifications.
RS
R/W
E
DB7:DB0
2.2V0.6V
4
0.6V
2
0.6V
2.2V 2.2V
2.2V
0.6V
0.6V 0.6V
0.6V0.6V
0.6V
2.2V 2.2V
6
37
7
3
1
ValidData
RS
R/W
E
DB7:DB0
2.2V0.6V
4
0.6V
2
2.2V
2.2V 2.2V
2.2V
2.2V
0.6V 0.6V
0.4V0.4V
0.6V
2.2V 2.2V
5
3
7
7
3
1
ValidData
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AN587
DS00587B-page 6 1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
TABLE A-2: LM032L PIN CONNECTION
Pin No. Symbol Level Function
1 VSS 0V Ground
2 VDD +5V Power Supply(+)
3 VO Ground
4 RS H/L L: Instruction Code InputH: Data Input
5 R/W H/L H: Data Read (LCD moduleMPU)
L: Data Write (LCD moduleMPU)
6 E H,HL Enable Signal
7 DB0 H/L
8 DB1 H/L
9 DB2 H/L
10 DB3 H/L Data Bus Line
11 DB4 H/L Note (1), (2)
12 DB5 H/L
13 DB6 H/L
14 DB7 H/L
In the HD44780, the data can be sent in either two 4-bit operations or one 8-bit operation, This flexibility allows an
interface to both 4- and 8-bit MPUs.
Note 1: When interface data is 4-bits long, data is transferred using only 4 lines of DB7:DB4 (DB3:DB0 are not
used). Data transfer between the HD44780 and the MPU completes when 4-bits of data is transferred twice.
Data of the higher order 4 bits (contents of DB7:DB4 when interface data is 8-bits long) is transferred first
and then lower order 4 bits (contents of DB3:DB0 when interface data is 8-bits long).
2: When interface data is 8-bits long, data is transferred using 8 data lines of DB7:DB0.
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1997MicrochipTechnologyInc.
DS00587B-page
7
APPENDIX B:8-BIT DATA INTERFACE LISTINGMPASM 01.40.01 Intermediate LM032L.ASM 4-7-1997 9:43:02 PAGE 1
LOC OBJECT CODE LINE SOURCE TEXT
VALUE
00001 LIST P=16C64
00002 ERRORLEVEL -302
00003 ;
00004 ; This program interfaces to a Hitachi (LM032L) 2 line by 20 character display
00005 ; module. The program assembles for either 4-bit or 8-bit data interface, depen
00006 ; on the value of the 4bit flag. LCD_DATA is the port which supplies the data t
00007 ; the LM032L, while LCD_CNTL is the port that has the control lines ( E, RS, RW
00008 ; In 4-bit mode the data is transfer on the high nibble of the port ( PORT
00009 ;
00010 ; Program = LM032L.ASM
00011 ; Revision Date: 5-10-94
00012 ; 1-22-97 Compatibility with MPASMWIN 1.40
00013 ;
00014 ;
00015 include
00001 LIST
00002 ; P16C64.INC Standard Header File, Version 1.01 Microchip Technology, Inc.
00238 LIST
00016
0000009F 00017 ADCON1 EQU 9F
00018
00000000 00019 FALSE EQU 0
00000001 00020 TRUE EQU 1
00021
00022 include
00069 list
00023 ;00000001 00024 Four_bit EQU TRUE ; Selects 4- or 8-bit data transfers
00000000 00025 Data_HI EQU FALSE ; If 4-bit transfers, Hi or Low nibble
00026 ;
00027 ;
00028 if ( Four_bit && !Data_HI )
00029 ;
00000006 00030 LCD_DATA EQU PORTB
00000086 00031 LCD_DATA_TRIS EQU TRISB
Please check the Microchip BBS for the latest version of the source code. Microchips Worldwide Web Address: www.microchip
MCHIPBBS using CompuServe(CompuServe membership not required).
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DS00587B-page
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1997MicrochipTechnologyInc.
00032 ;
00033 else
00034 ;
00035 LCD_DATA EQU PORTD
00036 LCD_DATA_TRIS EQU TRISD
00037 ;
00038 endif
00039 ;
00000005 00040 LCD_CNTL EQU PORTA
00041 ;
00042 ;
00043 ;
00044 ; LCD Display Commands and Control Signal names.
00045 ;
00046 if ( Four_bit && !Data_HI )
00047 ;
00000000 00048 E EQU 0 ; LCD Enable control line
00000001 00049 RW EQU 1 ; LCD Read/Write control line
00000002 00050 RS EQU 2 ; LCD Register Select control line
00051 ;
00052 else
00053 ;
00054 E EQU 3 ; LCD Enable control line
00055 RW EQU 2 ; LCD Read/Write control line
00056 RS EQU 1 ; LCD Register Select control line00057 ;
00058 endif
00059 ;
00060 ;
00000030 00061 TEMP1 EQU 0x030
00062 ;
0000 00063 org RESET_V ; RESET vector location
0000 2808 00064 RESET GOTO START ;
00065 ;
00066 ; This is the Periperal Interrupt routine. Should NOT get here
00067 ;
00068 page
0004 00069 org ISR_V ; Interrupt vector location
0004 00070 PER_INT_V
0004 1283 00071 ERROR1 BCF STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 00005 1407 00072 BSF PORTC, 0
0006 1007 00073 BCF PORTC, 0
0007 2804 00074 GOTO ERROR1
00075 ;
00076 ;
00077 ;
0008 00078 START ; POWER_ON Reset (Beginning of program
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DS00587B-page
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1997MicrochipTechnologyInc.
00502 page
00503 ;
0099 00504 Table
0099 0782 00505 addwf PCL, F ;Jump to char pointed to in W reg
009A 344D 00506 retlw M
009B 3469 00507 retlw i
009C 3463 00508 retlw c
009D 3472 00509 retlw r
009E 346F 00510 retlw o
009F 3463 00511 retlw c
00A0 3468 00512 retlw h
00A1 3469 00513 retlw i
00A2 3470 00514 retlw p
00A3 3420 00515 retlw
00A4 3454 00516 retlw T
00A5 3465 00517 retlw e
00A6 3463 00518 retlw c
00A7 3468 00519 retlw h
00A8 346E 00520 retlw n
00A9 346F 00521 retlw o
00AA 346C 00522 retlw l
00AB 346F 00523 retlw o
00AC 3467 00524 retlw g
00AD 3479 00525 retlw y
00AE 00526 Table_End00AE 3400 00527 retlw 0
00528 ;
00529 if ( (Table & 0x0FF) >= (Table_End & 0x0FF) )
00530 MESSG Warning - User Definded: Table Table crosses page boundry in co
00531 endif
00532 ;
00533
00534
00535
00536 end
MEMORY USAGE MAP (X = Used, - = Unused)
0000 : X---XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
0040 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0080 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX- ----------------
All other memory blocks unused.
Program Memory Words Used: 172
Program Memory Words Free: 1876
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DS00587B-page
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Errors : 0
Warnings : 0 reported, 0 suppressed
Messages : 0 reported, 12 suppressed
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DS00587B-page
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1997MicrochipTechnologyInc.
APPENDIX C: 4-BIT DATA INTERFACE, HIGH NIBBLE LISTINGMPASM 01.40.01 Intermediate LM032L.ASM 4-7-1997 9:50:32 PAGE 1
LOC OBJECT CODE LINE SOURCE TEXTVALUE
00001 LIST P=16C64
00002 ERRORLEVEL -302
00003 ;
00004 ; This program interfaces to a Hitachi (LM032L) 2 line by 20 character display
00005 ; module. The program assembles for either 4-bit or 8-bit data interface, depen
00006 ; on the value of the 4bit flag. LCD_DATA is the port which supplies the data t
00007 ; the LM032L, while LCD_CNTL is the port that has the control lines ( E, RS, RW
00008 ; In 4-bit mode the data is transfer on the high nibble of the port ( PORT
00009 ;
00010 ; Program = LM032L.ASM
00011 ; Revision Date: 5-10-94
00012 ; 1-22-97 Compatibility with MPASMWIN 1.40
00013 ;
00014 ;
00015 include
00001 LIST
00002 ; P16C64.INC Standard Header File, Version 1.01 Microchip Technology, Inc.
00238 LIST
00016
0000009F 00017 ADCON1 EQU 9F
00018
00000000 00019 FALSE EQU 0
00000001 00020 TRUE EQU 1
00021
00022 include
00069 list
00023 ;
00000000 00024 Four_bit EQU FALSE ; Selects 4- or 8-bit data transfers
00000001 00025 Data_HI EQU TRUE ; If 4-bit transfers, Hi or Low nibble
00026 ;
00027 ;
00028 if ( Four_bit && !Data_HI )
00029 ;
00030 LCD_DATA EQU PORTB
00031 LCD_DATA_TRIS EQU TRISB
Please check the Microchip BBS for the latest version of the source code. Microchips Worldwide Web Address: www.microchip
MCHIPBBS using CompuServe(CompuServe membership not required).
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DS00587B-page
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00502 page
00503 ;
0083 00504 Table
0083 0782 00505 addwf PCL, F ; Jump to char pointed to in W reg
0084 344D 00506 retlw M
0085 3469 00507 retlw i
0086 3463 00508 retlw c
0087 3472 00509 retlw r
0088 346F 00510 retlw o
0089 3463 00511 retlw c
008A 3468 00512 retlw h
008B 3469 00513 retlw i
008C 3470 00514 retlw p
008D 3420 00515 retlw
008E 3454 00516 retlw T
008F 3465 00517 retlw e
0090 3463 00518 retlw c
0091 3468 00519 retlw h
0092 346E 00520 retlw n
0093 346F 00521 retlw o
0094 346C 00522 retlw l
0095 346F 00523 retlw o
0096 3467 00524 retlw g0097 3479 00525 retlw y
0098 00526 Table_End
0098 3400 00527 retlw 0
00528 ;
00529 if ( (Table & 0x0FF) >= (Table_End & 0x0FF) )
00530 MESSG Warning - User Definded: Table Table crosses page boundry in co
00531 endif
00532 ;
00533
00534
00535
00536 end
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MEMORY USAGE MAP (X = Used, - = Unused)
0000 : X---XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
0040 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
0080 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX------- ---------------- ----------------
All other memory blocks unused.
Program Memory Words Used: 150
Program Memory Words Free: 1898
Errors : 0
Warnings : 0 reported, 0 suppressed
Messages : 0 reported, 12 suppressed
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Information contained in this publication regarding d evice applications and the like is intended for suggestion only and ma y besuperseded by updates . No representation orwarranty is gi ven and no liability is assumed by Microchi p Technology Inco rporated with respect to the accu racy or use of suc hinfo rmation, or inf ringement of patents or other
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