Interdisciplinary Knowledge Modelling for Free-Form Design ...

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Faculty of ArchitectureDepartment of Building Technology

Interdisciplinary Knowledge Modelling for Free-Form Design – An educational

Experiment

PhD Candidate - Delft University of Technology, School of Architecture, Building Technology and Architecture Departments

Researcher/Lecturer – BLOB and Hyperbody Research Groups

Tuba Kocaturk

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INDUSTRIAL AGE INFORMATION AGE

A Formal Language that represents Technology (Mass Production)

Formal Variety due to Technology (Mass Customization)

Technology as an instrumentapplied to Design

Technology as an integral part of the Design Process

Separation of Disciplinary Knowledge Emerging Cross-disciplinary Knowledge

Design Construction Design Construction

http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/savoye/savoye3.jpg

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ToolsProcesses

ConstraintsDependencies

EMERGING KNOWLEDGE

Question of Style?

GenerationDescriptionAnalysisRationalizationProductionConstruction

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Design Practice

Design Education

ExperientialTacit/Implicit InstrumentalProduct/ProcessSubjective

Conceptual Objective StructuredDescriptive

Explicit Knowledge

Design Research

DESIGN KNOWLEDGE

What kind of knowledge should be taught and acquired to achieve a conceptual understanding of emerging design knowledge

Know

ledg

e Co

nstr

uctio

n

Capture and Organize Design Knowledge?

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Minimum curvature

Organization of surface components

Structural Behaviour

Declarative (Explicit) Knowledge

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Surface Pattern Primary structure

Situative (Tacit) Knowledge

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Create an interdisciplinary design taxonomy

An extensible framework to store/retrieve/share and generate new knowledge (as a conceptual design aid)

Construct structured representations of concepts and their dynamic relationships

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Features Store DocumentsLinks between Features store documents

Integration of visual architectural information

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THE APPLICATION:

A representational framework for the assimilation of new knowledge in a body of known and organized knowledge

Dealing with interdisciplinary knowledge at associative levels

Allows students to generalize and abstract ideas

Flexible and extensible framework for continuous learning and teaching

Analysis and Design are two separate concepts… How can such a System support both?

The workshops aim to test if:

--- Multi-disciplinary abstractions can be a means to provide information exchange and to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge

--- Innovation and creativity can arise through adaptation and combination of cases

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rejected

rejected

rejected

possible

original

Stru c tu ral En gin e er M an u fac tu re rStructural Aspects Production Aspects

M ax De Lara Cohen, Chris Kievid Tomasz Jazkiewicz, Cheng Hui Chua

Arc h itectFormal Aspects

Dee Dee Lim

Meeting 01

Meeting 02

Definition of S tructure

Event Space

50m span, 12 m he ight

Priorties

To m ainta in continuity in triangulated structure,

The sk in is the structure

Least num ber of supports (3)

Roof glazing w ith g lass panes between structure

Proposed

Tubular stee l supporting structure, S tructure to have variab le density

Proposed

G lass panes can be a layer beneath structure (rejected by architect)

Non-linear (curved) beam s

Beam s w ith variab le rad ius

Engineer to verify a lternative m ethod

(structure w ith variab le density)

S tructure does not look feasib le a lthough the idea of variab le density is still in consideration

Decision to use curved beam sEngineer to

propose better

alte rnative

Proposed

Connections w ith nodes

Alternatives proposed

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M A N U F A C T U R E R E N G I N E E RA R C H I T E C TCriteria1. Structural expression2. Lightweight3. Maximal uninterrupted span

Structural Material Palette1. Steel2. Aluminum3. Concrete

Proposals1. 60 metre span2. Ground supports constrained to 3

(no intermediate supports)

Aesthetic priority1. Structure is skin configuration approved2. Structural steel material approved

Structural configuration considerations1. Structure is skin (contiguous)2. Structure below skin (endoskeleton)3. Structure above skin (exoskeleton)

Structural systems:1. Truss2. Ribs / Series of arches3. Beams

Structural systems suggestion(s):Primary / secondary configuration of beams

Constraint proposals:1. Variations in radius2. Variations in tube wall thickness

Joints1. Ball node joints2. Clamp joint

Web resolution & density1. Homogeneous / Mass Standardisation2. Varying web densities

+ varying sectional propertiesStructural expression priority, Therefore varying densities approved

Higher densities at supports requiredHigher densities at supports approved

Combination of ball nodes & clamp jointsCombinations of joint systems approved

Beams chosen

Manufacturer / Engineer Dialogue17/30

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Design Variable 3Design Variable 1 Design Variable 2

Parameters Parameters

Constraints Constraints

Parameters

Constraints

ArchitecturalStructural

Manufacturing


Manufacturing


Manufacturing

ANALYSIS

KNOWLEDGE

………store generated/used/abandoned knowledge

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Original Form1. Structural expression2. Lightweight3. Maximal uninterrupted span4. Homogenous triangulated resolution

Vaulted Form1. Regular span2. Regular spacing

Variable Density1. Structurally optimized2. Unnecessary deadload

eliminated

Radial Progression1. Risky2. Vertical load transfer restricted to

6 members3. Horizontal bands stabilize structure

Geometry Pattern Change1. Hexagonal tessellation

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Skin

StructureInitial Constraints:FormDevelopability

ProductionNew constraints:FactualIndividual

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Surface DivisionAlternatives

StructuralAlternatives

ManufacturingAlternatives

variables

variables

variables

Define Constraints

Parameters Parameters ParametersGENERATIVE

Macro level

Sub-Systemlevel

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Integration of interdisciplinary knowledge:

Workshop 1 Workshop 2

Explorative Pragmatic

Product Process

Product/Constraints Process/Dependencies

Constructability/Local

Design/Abstract concepts

Re-usable Knowledge:

Poor Good

Design Approach Satisfy Constraints/Solve Problems

Develop Methods/Strategies/Find Problems

Collaboration: Defined Roles Un-Defined Roles

Creativity:

Problem Focus:

Solution Focus:

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Design Practice

Design Education Kn

owle

dge

Cons

truc

tion

ExperientialTacit/Implicit InstrumentalProduct/ProcessSubjective

Conceptual Objective StructuredDescriptive

Explicit Knowledge

Design Research

BLIP UPDATE FOR DESIGN PRACTICE

The ability to theorize design enables the designers to move from unique cases to broad explanatory principles that can solve many problems

Structured CollaborativeDesign Knowledge

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Topological Construction GridNURBS SURFACE Double Curvature

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D3BNProgram: DianaOutput: Dimensions and thickness

D3BNProgram: DianaOutput: Dimensions and thickness

OosterhuisProgram: Maya, Rhino Output: Outer shell, detailed information

OosterhuisProgram: Maya, Rhino Output: Outer shell, detailed information

Modified data to fit D3BN's FEM

Modified data to fit D3BN's FEM

Structural proposalStructural proposal

Interaction of Oosterhuis of and D3BN

Meijers StaalbouwProgram: AutoCADOutput: Elements, cost information

Meijers StaalbouwProgram: AutoCADOutput: Elements, cost information

OosterhuisProgram: Maya, Rhino, Pro-engineerOutput: Outer shell, detailed information

OosterhuisProgram: Maya, Rhino, Pro-engineerOutput: Outer shell, detailed information

Translate Rhino to AutoCAD

Translate Rhino to AutoCAD

Production alternatives

Production alternatives

Interaction of Oosterhuis and Meijers Staalbouw

Different set of relationships between interdisciplinary design domains (AEC)

Project name: Web of North Holland (Kas Oosterhuis)

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3D Master ModelContains all the

necessary information for production and

assembly



assembly

Franken / ABB

Program: Maya, AutoCAD, RhinoOutput: Outer shell

Franken / ABB

Program: Maya, AutoCAD, RhinoOutput: Outer shell

Böllinger-Grohmann

Program: Ansys and R-StabOutput: Type and thickness of structural elements

Böllinger-Grohmann

Program: Ansys and R-StabOutput: Type and thickness of structural elements

IGES or DWG

Interaction of Architect and Engineer



assembly



assembly

Covertex

Program: Rhino, Mechanical Desktop and CatiaOutput: Construction and production drawings

Covertex

Program: Rhino, Mechanical Desktop and CatiaOutput: Construction and production drawings

IGESor

DWG

Böllinger-Grohmann

Check documents / control 3D Master Model

Böllinger-Grohmann

Check documents / control 3D Master Model

Krupp

Program: PK StahlOutput: Shop drawings and input for CNC cutters

Krupp

Program: PK StahlOutput: Shop drawings and input for CNC cutters

Master Model used for making the assembly and production drawings

Project Name: BMW Pavillion (Bernard Franken-ABB Architects)

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TOOLS > PROCESSES >

Form Generation

Representation & Description

Structure/Elements/Material

Fabrication-Productability

Rationalization

EMERGING KNOWLEDGE

DEPENDENCIES > CONSTRAINTS

What each term means and represents is different for each domain…

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Hierarchical Generic NetworkInterdisciplinary Design Taxonomy

Problem – Solution PairsLink types (distinct in meaningand form)

Documents

Documents

Documents

Documents

Documents

Documents

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Link Types:

ConstraintAnalogyDependencyInspiration…..

Search Options:

By featureBy link (type)By Project, author…..

Users:

Document AddDocument SearchDocument Edit

Browsing:

Search-orientedReviewScanning

Interface:

http://bk-info.bk.tudelft.nl/test/seyfilab/admin/index.phphttp://bk-info.bk.tudelft.nl/test/seyfilab/tree2/menu/index.php

http://bk-info.bk.tudelft.nl/test/seyfilab/admin/index.php

https://webmail.bk.tudelft.nl/exchweb/bin/redir.asp?URL=http://bk-info.bk.tudelft.nl/test/seyfilab/tree2/menu/index.php

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Organization of interdisciplinary design knowledge

Structuring Tacit Information For Further Use and Sharing

Unified cross-disciplinary body of knowledge to:

CAPTURE ORGANIZE REPRESENT EXCHANGE RETRIEVE AND REUSEGENERATE …… used and abandoned

knowledge

DESIGN SUPPORT TOOL – knowledge environment

Early management of Constraints/ Dependencies/ Relationships between Design Tasks

Problem Solving Problem Finding

Multiple Search Options – Different Items of Knowledge

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Ove Arup(Eng.Office - Amsterdam)

Oosterhuis-NL(Arch. Office - Rotterdam)

Contributing Firms:

Contributing Chairs – TU Delft:Faculty of Architecture

Structural Design: Kees van WeerenWim Kamerling

Architecture: Kas Oosterhuis

Design informatics: Rudi StouffsSeyfi Bal

Acknowledgement:

Bollinger&Grohmann(Eng. Office - Frankfurt)

Interdisciplinary Knowledge Modelling for Free-Form Design ...

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