8/2/2019 Intercultural Management Bonustest

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/intercultural-management-bonustest 1/4

Intercultural Management – Bonus test, week 6

Prejudice

Causes of prejudice:-

1. Scapegoating2. Market economy

3. Social competition / Social dominance

4. (No) intergroup contact

Functions of prejudice:-

1. Protect identity at a personal and cultural level.

2. Support your own values and diminish values from others.

4. Maintain economic power.

Strategies in expressing prejudice:-

1. Face saving Present positive self-image before expressing a

racist/sexist attitude. (“I am not a racist, but…”).

2. Negative “other” presentation Includes scapegoating, name calling

and dehumanization. (Cartoons, disparaging nicknames).

3. Blame the victim Blame people for their miserable situation. (“Greece

must have done something wrong…”).

Intercultural sensitivity scaleDenial of Difference

No awareness that there is

such a thing as different cultures. Ethnocentrism = Belief in

the

Defence of difference superiority of one’s own ethnic

group.

Awareness of different cultures

creates anxiety and as a result you

fend off any other cultureMinimization of difference

Only focus on things that people

have in common.

Acceptance of difference

Awareness of cultural difference

and creation of curiosity to these Ethnorelativism = The

belief that all

differences. cultures are normal.Adaption to difference

8/2/2019 Intercultural Management Bonustest

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/intercultural-management-bonustest 2/4

You gain the skills that fit and meet

other cultures. You bridge the divide.

Facial stereotypes

 “That which is beautiful is also seemingly to be healthy, wealthy andwise”. (van Leeuwen).

Mr. van Leeuwen did an experiment which showed that people

remembered/interpreted words more as positive when looking at an

attractive face and negative words when looking at an unattractive face.

Attractive people are considered to be successful, happy and wise.

Attractive face (i.e. people) are hired and promoted easier on the work

floor.

Symmetry is considered to be attractive. Asymmetry is considered to be

unattractive.

Symmetry= hot 

Language & nonverbal communication

Effect language on trade:-

Trade between countries with same language 188& more.

Trade between countries with same currency 114% more.

Lingua franca

Language used for communication among people of different mother

tongues. (A Dutch and a Chinese speaking English)Most popular lingua francas in the right order: English, French, Spanish,

Russian, Arabic, Portuguese, German.

Intercultural trap 

If we can understand how language is used in a culture then this

basically means that we can understand the culture itself.

Low context VS High context countries

8/2/2019 Intercultural Management Bonustest

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/intercultural-management-bonustest 3/4

 Low context countries   High context

countries

Low context cultures

Explicit, Direct, Literal, Non-verbal communication is not that important,

Start at the core of the message.

High context cultures

Person = message, Indirect, Figurative, Non-verbal communication is

very important, Relationship oriented.

Never “attack” someone from a high context culture in public.

When giving critique:-

1. Avoid direct criticism

2. See the person 1-on-1

3. Stay indirect

Ways of saying “no”:-

1. Use silence

2. Counter the question

3. Make excuses

4. Question the questions

5. Delay giving an answer

Non-verbal communication

The intentional use of a non-spoken symbol to communicate a specific

message.

Functions of nonverbal communication

1. Replacing spoken messages Because we cannot use words (noisy).

2. Sending uncomfortable messages  When feel bad or negative

about something.

3. Forming impressions that guide communication  Clothing.

4. Making relationships clear  Japanese bow, Dutch handshake

Cor

e

Cor

e

8/2/2019 Intercultural Management Bonustest

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/intercultural-management-bonustest 4/4

5. Regulating interaction  When to talk, when not to talk in meetings,

etc.

6. Reinforcing and modifying verbal messages  Seen as sign of 

sincerity.

1. Proxemics = Personal space

2. Kinesics = Movements

3. Chronemics = Use of time

4. Paralanguage = movements of voice

5. Silence = Not talking, silence Shyness/inactiveness

6. Haptics = Study of touch to communicate

7. Clothing and physical appearance

8. Territoriality = Space and individual claims

9. Olfactics = The study of communication via smell