Interactive Questions 08

7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 08

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Organisms andtheir environment

INTERACTIVE

MULTIPLE CHOICEQUESTIONS

The answers are provided.

Explanations of why the alternativesare unsatisfactory are also offered


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These multiple choice questions are similar to the ones

set by the GCSE and IGCSE Examination Boardsexcept that, in some cases, there may be more than one

acceptable answer

For this reason, even if you select a correct answer atyour first attempt, it is worth looking at all the

alternatives

(a) to see if there is a better answer and

(b) to see why some of the alternatives are

unacceptable

Question 1


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A thrush, a snail, a cabbage and a sparrow hawk are all part

of a food chain. Which of them is a primary (or first

order) consumer?

(a) The cabbage

(b) The snail

(d) The thrush

(c) The sparrow hawk

Question 1

Question 2


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The cabbage is theproducerat the beginning of the food chain

No


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The snail is theprimary (first order) consumer. It eats

the cabbage leaves

Yes


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The sparrow hawk is a tertiary(third order) consumer

at the end of the food chain. It is a predator of the thrush

No


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The thrush is the secondary(second order) consumer. It

eats the snail and is itself eaten by the sparrow hawk

No


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In the nitrogen cycle, the bacteria in root nodules of

leguminous plants can convert atmospheric nitrogen into

nitrates. These bacteria are called

(a) nitrifying bacteria

(b) denitrifying bacteria

(c) nitrite bacteria

(d) nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 2

Question 3


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Although the bacteria in root nodules ultimately increase the

nitrogen content of the soil, the term nitrifyingbacteria

applies mainly to bacteria living freely in the soil. Thesebacteria cannot use atmospheric nitrogen.

No


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Denitrifying bacteria convert the nitrates in the soil

into atmospheric nitrogen.

No


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Nitrite bacteria live freely in the soil and convert ammonium

ions into nitrates. They cannot use atmospheric nitrogen

No


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The nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium spp) live mainly in

root nodules of leguminous plants. They convert nitrogen

(from the air in the soil) into nitrates, which are eventually

incorporated into amino acids by the plant.

Yes


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Question 3 sunlight

PRODUCERS

CONSUMERS

die

SOIL

die

decayminerals

and salts

A

eatenThe diagram

represents a

natural

recycling

process

What is missing atA?

(a) Animals

(b) Plants

(c) Decomposers

(d) Bacteria Question 4


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No

Animals are the consumers


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No

Plants are the producers


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Yes

The decomposers, (mainly bacteria and fungi) break

down the dead remains of organisms and release their

products into the soil


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No

Some bacteria are important decomposers, but there are

many species of bacteria which are not decomposers. Also,

there are many fungi which play a part in decay.


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Question 4

In a food chain, the amount of energy passed from one

trophic level to the next .

(a) increases

(b) decreases

(c) stays the same

(d) sometimes increases;

sometimes decreases

Question 5


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No

The organisms at any trophic level will be using part of

their resources to produce energy, so there will be less to

pass to the next level


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Yes





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No





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No

The amount of energy passed from one trophic level

to the next may vary but there is always a decrease


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Question 5population

A

B

C

time

The graph shows the sigmoid

curve for population growth.

At C

(a) the death rate exceeds

the reproduction rate

(c) the death rate and repro-

duction rates are the same

(d) the death rate and repro-

duction rate decrease equally

(b) the reproduction rate

exceeds the death rate

Question 6


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No

If the death rate exceeds the reproduction rate,

the population will decrease


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No

If the reproduction rate exceeds the death rate, the

population will continue to grow


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Yes

If organisms die at the same rate as they are created, the

population will be stable


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Yes

If fewer organisms are created, but the death rate decreases at

the same rate, the population will stay the same but the point

of stability will be reached at a lower population level


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Question 6

What is the source of energy on which nearly all living

organisms ultimately depend?

(a) Photosynthesis

(b) Respiration

(c) Combustion

(d) Sunlight

Question 7


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No

Nearly all living organisms depend directly or indirectly on

photosynthesis by plants for their energy supply. But this is

not the ultimate source of energy


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No

Respiration is the way in which most living organisms

derive energy from their food but it is not the ultimate

source of energy


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No

Combustion is a source of energy for many processes but

not for living organisms


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Yes

The process of photosynthesis in green plants uses energy

from sunlight for making food. The energy from this food is

used by nearly all living organisms either by eating plants or

eating each other


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Question 7

Which of the following gases are the cause of acid rain?

(a) Carbon dioxide

(b) Carbon monoxide

(c) Nitrogen oxide

(d) Sulphur dioxide

Question 8


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Carbon dioxide does dissolve in rain to form a weak solution

of carbonic acid (H2CO3) but this is normal and does not

contribute to what is known as acid rain.

However, it is thought to be making the ocean more acid and

this is a cause for concern

No


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Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas but does not

contribute to acid rain

No


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Oxides of nitrogen dissolve in rain water to form

nitric acid which is very harmful to lakes and land

plants

Yes


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Sulphur dioxide dissolves in water to form,

eventually, sulphuric acid. This damages lakes

and land plants

Yes


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Question 8

Acute shortage of oxygen in lakes and rivers is caused

by

(a) eutrophication

(b) the oxygen demand by the excess of

decaying plant material

(c) excess nitrate and phosphate

(d) excessive growth of algae

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Eutrophication refers to a high level of nutrients in a body of

water. It may cause excessive algal growth but is not a direct

cause of oxygen depletion

No


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The oxygen demand of an excess of decomposing plant

material, e.g. algae, is the immediate cause of the

reduction in the oxygen content of the water in lakes and

rivers.

The excess of plant material is the result of eutrophication

Yes


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Eutrophication results from high levels of nitrate and

phosphate in the water. But although this encourages

excessive algal growth it does not inevitably lead tooxygen depletion.

No


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The excessive growth of algae is not itself a cause of

oxygen depletion.

No


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Question 9

Which of the following processes make no net contribution

of carbon dioxide to the Earths atmosphere?

(a) Growing crops

(b) Burning wood

(c) Burning coal

(d) Raising cattle

Question 10


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Yes

The growing crops are photosynthesising and removing

carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.


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Yes

The carbon in wood comes from the carbon dioxide absorbed

by the tree in the course of photosynthesis. When the wood is

burned, the amount of carbon dioxide released is the same asthat taken in by photosynthesis


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No

The carbon in coal comes from trees which were fossilized

about 300 million years ago. So the carbon dioxide released

from burning coal adds to the present day carbon dioxide in

the atmosphere


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No

Respiration in cattle produces carbon dioxide which is

added to the atmosphere


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Question 10

For the conservation of animals, the most important step

is

(a) reduction in the use of pesticides

(b) preservation of habitat

(c) suppression of hunting

(d) captive breeding programmes


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No

Reduction in the use of pesticides certainly helps to

conserve, for example, insect species and the

organisms which feed on them (e.g. birds) but it

affects only a limited range of animals


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Yes

This is the most important step. If an animals

habitat is destroyed, it is unlikely to survive


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No

Suppression of hunting helps to conserve a number of

species, such as the rhinoceros, but many animal

populations are not threatened by hunting


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No

Captive breeding may help conserve animals

threatened with extinction but if their habitat has been

destroyed they cannot usually be released


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