Interactive Notebook Guidelines
description
Transcript of Interactive Notebook Guidelines
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INTERACTIVE NOTEBOOK GUIDELINES
Pencil ONLY Name, class, period on cover 1st page upper right corner put an A (free corner) Letter pages A-F (front AND back of page) Page “1” of numbering starts on 4th page of
Notebook Go ahead and # 1-20 on top free corner of
notebook Each page should have title unless noted
otherwise
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COVER
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PAGE A <TITLE PAGE>
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INTERACTIVE NOTEBOOK GUIDELINES
C-F Table of Contents
Page Title 1-3 Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes 4 Biology lab safety rules 5 Safety Symbols 6-7 Safety Contract 8 Classroom Layout 9 Lab Safety Equipment Scavenger Hunt10-11 Lab Equipment 12 Scientific Method Vocabulary 13 Data Graphing
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PAGE B <BLANK>PAGE C <TABLE OF CONTENTS>
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PAGE D <TABLE OF CONTENTS>PAGE E <TABLE OF CONTENTS>
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PAGE F <TABLE OF CONTENTS>PAGE 1 <ROOTS, PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES>
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PAGE 2 <ROOTS, PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES>PAGE 3 <ROOTS, PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES>
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PAGE 4 <BIOLOGY LAB SAFETY RULES>PAGE 5 <SAFETY SYMBOLS>
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PAGE 6-7 <SCIENCE SAFETY CONTRACT>
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PAGE 8 <CLASSROOM LAYOUT>PAGE 9 <LAB CLASSROOM SCAVENGER HUNT>
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LAB EQUIPMENT FOR SCAVENGER
Fire blanket Shower First Aid kit Aprons Eyewash station Goggles Fire Extinguisher
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PAGE 10 <LAB EQUIPMENT>PAGE 11 <LAB EQUIPMENT>
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PAGE 12 <SCIENTIFIC METHOD VOCABULARY>PAGE 13 <DATA GRAPHING>
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PAGE 13 <DATA GRAPHING>
D- Dependent variable
R- Responding variable
Y- y-axis
M- Manipulated variable
I- Independent Variable
X- x-axis
ALWAYS INCLUDE UNITS!
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PAGE 14 <CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS>
List all 8 characteristics and draw picture to go with them (must color!)
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PAGE 15 <HIERARCHY OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS>
1. Chemical Level- Atoms combine to form molecules
2. Cellular Level- Cells are made of molecules
3. Tissue Level- Consist of similar types of cells
4. Organ Level- Made of different types of tissue
5. Organ System- Consists of organs that work together
6. Organism- Made of many organ systems that function to keep us alive
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PAGE 15 <HIERARCHY OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS>
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PAGE 14 <CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS>PAGE 15 <HIERARCHY OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS>
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PAGE 16 <SCIENTIFIC METHOD FLOWCHART>
The Scientific Method
I. Observation(s) o Using your 5 senses to gain information about the
problem/experiment o Sound, Sight, Hear, Touch, Taste o Noting facts or inferences o Qualitative (__________) or Quantitative (__________) o List of Materials o What is the question or
problem you want to answer?
2. Hypothesis o A probable prediction based on your observations;
your educated prediction o Must be something testable o Can be in an “If…., then…..” statement
4. Data: o Tables where data was recorded o Illustrations of experiment o Accurate, precise data graphs to present
findings*** o Label all data & units!
5. Conclusion: o Restate hypothesis o Brief summary of what you did in the
experiment o Was hypothesis right/wrong? Why/why not o Problems encountered o Ideas/suggestions for future experimenters
3. Experiment: o To be a valid experiment, it must
o Be a controlled experiment o Test only one variable at a time o Be repeated numerous times o Use random sampling o Use accurate records & measurements
o Must be a controlled experiment. o Control = the norms to compare the thing being tested against; does
not change o Variable = the thing that changes; the thing being tested
____________ variable being acted upon; changed on purpose
____________ variable that changes because the ____ ____________ variable stays the same; does not change
o State the purpose of the experiment in “To determine…..” format
o List the steps of the experiment; Betty Crocker Style o Step #1…Gather materials o End step…Record data o No 1st person o One action per # o Be clear & concise
Descriptions (ex: color, smell)
Numbers(can be measured)
Independent
Dependent Independent
Controlled
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PAGE 17 <PERIODIC TABLE- ELEMENTS OF LIFE>
Glue in Periodic TableHighlight corresponding colorsPINKOxygen (65%) Carbon (18%) Hydrogen (10%) Nitrogen (3%)
somewhere on page put:
NOCH=96%
YELLOWPhosphorus (P)Sulfur (S)Calcium (Ca)Iron (Fe)Potassium (K)Sodium (Na)
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PAGE 16 <SCIENTIFIC METHOD FLOWCHART> PAGE 17 <PERIODIC TABLE- ELEMENTS OF LIFE>
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PAGE 18 <PROPERTIES OF WATER> Add to diagram: δ+ and δ- on all atoms and
show Hydrogen bonds (- - -)
Universal _____________Polar- (define)Hydrogen Bonds:
Cohesion- (define; example)Adhesion- (define; example)
Ice Floats, Heat of vaporization (sweat), High Specific Heat
ColorOxygen=yellowHydrogen=greenHydrogen Bonds=blue
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PAGE 18 <PROPERTIES OF WATER> Add to diagram: δ+ and δ- on all atoms and
show Hydrogen bonds (- - -)
Universal Solvent-dissolves many substances Polar- Unequal sharing of electrons; results in partial + and partial - sides Hydrogen Bonds:
Cohesion- attraction of like molecules (rainsdrop, surface tension) Adhesion- attraction of unlike molecules (water on web, meniscus) Capillary Action-Ice Floats, Heat of vaporization (sweat), High Specific
Heat
ColorOxygen=yellowHydrogen=greenHydrogen Bonds=blue
δ+
δ+
δ+δ+
δ+
δ+
δ-
δ-
δ-
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PAGE 19 <MACROMOLECULES>Monomer-1 sub-unit
Polymer- multiple units
Formation of Polymers- Polymerization, Dehydration Synthesis, Condensation Reaction Removal of water molecule
to form covalent bond H=green, O= yellow
4 groups of Macromolecules (list) Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins
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PAGE 18 <PROPERTIES OF WATER> PAGE 19 <MACROMOLECULES>
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PAGE 20 <CARBOHYDRATES>Glue in image set
Elements: C, H, O 1:2:1 ratio Monomer: Monosaccharide (glucose, fructose,
galactose) Polymers: Disaccharide (2) Polysaccharide (many) Examples: cellulose, glycogen, starch Function: Short term energy storage and building
material Food source: Pasta, bread, fruit, potatoes
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PAGE 21 <LIPIDS>Glue in image set
Elements: C, H, O Monomers: Fatty acid chains, glycerol Polymers: Fats/Oils, Phospholipids,
Steroids Examples: phospholipid, oil, ear wax Function: Long term energy storage,
insulation, cushioning, waterproof Food Source: Oils, butter, animal fat
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PAGE 20 <CARBOHYDRATES>PAGE 21 <LIPIDS>
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PAGE 22 <NUCLEIC ACIDS>Glue in image set
Elements: C, H, O, N, P Monomer: Nucleotide (sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous
base) Polymers: DNA and RNA Examples: RNA, DNA, (ATP-single unit) Function: Genetic instructions and usable energy No Food Source
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PAGE 23 <PROTEINS>Glue in image set
Elements: C, H, O, N Monomer: Amino Acid Polymer: Polypeptide chain Examples: hair, nails, muscles, enzymes Function: Storage, transport, regulation,
movement, structure, enzymes Food Source: Meat, peanut, egg
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PAGE 22 <NUCLEIC ACIDS>PAGE 23 <PROTEINS>
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PAGE 24 <ENZYMES>Proteins that catalyze (speed up) reactions
by lowering the activation energy Common Features
1. Work best within range of temp and pH2. Make reaction occur faster3. NOT used up or changed in reaction; can be used over and
over4. Substrate (reactant) specific: lock and key
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
Active site
Substrate (reactant) Products
enzyme enzyme
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PAGE 24 <ENZYMES>
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PAGE 25 <CELL THEORY>
1. All living things are composed of cells2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in all living things3. New cells are produced from pre-existing
cells
Contributing Scientists Robert Hooke- Named cells, cork Anton van Leeuwenhoek- microorganisms (pond
water) Matthias Schleiden- botanist, plant cells Theodor Schwann- animal cells Rudolf Virchow- cell division
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PAGES 26-27 <PROKARYOTE VS EUKARYOTE VENN DIAGRAM>
26 27Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
differences
similarities
differences
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PAGES 26-27 <PROKARYOTE VS EUKARYOTE VENN DIAGRAM>
26 27Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Differences
similarities
differences
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Contain DNA
Cytoplasm
Flagella
Reproduce
Respond to environment
Ribosomes
Unicellular organisms
Centrioles
Contain nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
May become specialized
Have complex internal structures (membrane bound organelles)
Some are single-cellular, some are multicellular
All single cellular
pili
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PAGES 26-27 Words/phrases for Venn Diagram
All single-cellular Cell membrane Cell wall Centrioles Contain DNA Contain nucleus Cytoplasm Flagella Golgi apparatus Mitochondria May become specialized
Have complex internal structures (membrane bound organelles)
Pili Reproduce Respond to environment Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Some are single-cellular,
some are multicellular Unicellular organisms
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PAGE 28 <ANIMAL CELL>
28 29Animal Cell
Color and label animal cell organelles: Nucleus Nucleolus Cell membrane Rough ER Smooth ER Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Centriole Ribosome Nuclear Envelope
Circle organelles not found in plant cells
Use a ruler for lines
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28 29Plant Cell
Color and label: Nucleus Nucleolus Cell membrane Rough ER Smooth ER Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Ribosome Nuclear Envelope Cell wall Central vacuole Chloroplast
Circle organelles not found in animal cells
Use a ruler for lines
PAGE 29 <PLANT CELL>
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30Prokaryotic Cell
Draw, color and label: cell wall cell membrane pili flagella DNA (nucleoid region) cytosol ribosomes
Use a ruler for lines
PAGE 30 <PROKARYOTIC CELL>
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PAGE 31<CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS>
Match the Cell structures with their functions and copy into notebook
1. cell membrane2. cell wall3. centrioles4. chloroplast5. chromatin6. cytoskeleton7. cytosol8. Golgi apparatus9. lysosome
10. mitochondria11. nuclear envelope12. nuclear pores13. nucleolus14. nucleus15. organelles16. ribosome17. rough ER18. smooth ER19. vacuole20. vesicles
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Functions (match with correct structure)• Control center of eukaryotic cell• Term used to describe cell structures• Site of detoxification & manufacture of lipids• “Cell Gel”• Converts energy stored in glucose to ATP• Play a role in cell division of animal cells• Maintains homeostasis in cell• Provides shape and structure to cell; more extensive in animal cells• Captures energy from the sun to produce glucose; site of photosynthesis• “transport bubbles”; used to move biomolecules, etc.• Structure that produces proteins in a cell• Cell postmaster; packages & ships biomolecules• Uses enzymes to disinfect, break down, and recycle• Outermost boundary of plant, fungal, & bacterial cells• Openings in membrane surrounding nucleus that allows for RNA to pass through
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PAGE 31 <CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS>
1. cell membrane- Maintains homeostasis in cell2. cell wall-Outermost boundary of plant, fungal, & bacterial cells3. Centrioles- Play a role in cell division of animal cells4. Chloroplast- Captures energy from the sun to produce glucose; site of
photosynthesis5. Chromatin- DNA wrapped protein; genetic code6. Cytoskeleton- Provides shape and structure to cell; more extensive in animal
cells7. Cytosol- “Cell Gel”8. Golgi apparatus- Cell postmaster; packages & ships biomolecules9. Lysosome- Uses enzymes to disinfect, break down, and recycle10. Mitochondria- Converts energy stored in glucose to ATP11. nuclear envelope- keeps nucleus separate from remainder of cell12. nuclear pores-Openings in membrane surrounding nucleus that allows for
RNA to pass through13. Nucleolus- produces ribsosomes14. Nucleus-Control center of eukaryotic cell15. Organelles-Term used to describe cell structures16. Ribosome-Structure that produces proteins in a cell17. rough ER- modifies and transports proteins; covered with ribosomes18. smooth ER- Site of detoxification & manufacture of lipids19. Vacuole- stores water and ions20. Vesicles- “transport bubbles”; used to move biomolecules, etc.
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PAGE 32 <VIRUSES>
Define in own words Virus: Capsid: Retrovirus: Lytic: Lysogenic:
capsid DNA
tail sheath
tail fiber
capsid proteins
RNA
surface proteins envelope
RNAcapsid
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PAGE 32 <VIRUSES>
Define in own words Virus: non-living particle made up of protein coat and
genetic material; cause illnesses Capsid: protein coat Retrovirus: virus with RNA as genetic material Lytic: Active infection where viruses replicate and burst
cells Lysogenic: Inactive infection where viral DNA (genes) is
replicated along with host cell DNA; no symptoms
capsid DNA
tail sheath
tail fiber
capsid proteins
RNA
surface proteins envelope
RNAcapsid
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PAGE 33 <VIRUSES VS CELLS VENN DIAGRAM>
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PAGE 33 <VIRUSES VS CELLS VENN DIAGRAM>
CELLS VIRUSES• 1000 Xs smaller• Carries out cellular functions• Cell Membrane• Considered non-living• Cytoplasm• Does not carry out cellular
functions• Evolve• Genetic material (DNA/RNA)• Grow and develop• Larger• Make up living things
• Made up of genetic material surrounded by protein coat (capsid)
• Microscopic• Obtain and Use Energy• Reproduces independently• Require host cell to reproduce• Respond to environment• Some contain nucleus and
organelles
• (hint- 3 in common)
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CELLS-Carries out cellular functions-Cell Membrane-Cytoplasm-Grow and develop-Larger-Make up living things-Obtain and Use Energy-Reproduces independently-Respond to environment-Some contain nucleus and organelles
BOTH-Evolve-Genetic material (DNA/RNA)-Microscopic
VIRUSES-1000 Xs smaller-Considered non-living-Does not carry out cellular functions-Made up of genetic material surrounded by protein coat (capsid)-Require host cell to reproduce
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PAGE 34<VIRUS REPRODUCTION>-TAPE IN LYTIC VS LYSOGENIC FOLDABLE
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PAGE 34<VIRUS REPRODUCTION>-descriptions for foldable; each # on diagram will have a bullet
LYSOGENIC CYCLELYTIC CYCLE• Assembly of new viruses• Attachment of virus• Cell division occurs as normal• Formation of proteins to form new viruses• Host cell DNA is digested• Insertion of viral DNA into host cell• Lysis of cell and release of new viruses• Rare Occasions- Prophage leaves host
chromosome and enters lytic cycle• Replication of Viral DNA• Viral DNA integrated into host cell DNA
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PAGE 34<VIRUS REPRODUCTION>
LYSOGENIC CYCLEInactive, asymptomatic
LYTIC CYCLEActive, Symptomatic
6-Assembly of new viruses
1- Attachment of virus
4- Cell division occurs as normal
5- Formation of proteins to form new viruses
3- Host cell DNA is digested
2- Insertion of viral DNA into host cell
7- Lysis of cell and release of new viruses
5- Rare Occasions- Prophage leaves host chromosome and enters lytic cycle
4- Replication of Viral DNA
3- Viral DNA integrated into host cell DNA
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PAGE 35 <CELL MEMBRANE>
Define:Phospholipid bilayer-Selective Permeability (Semi-Permeable)-Homeostasis-Equilibrium-
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PAGE 35 <CELL MEMBRANE>
Phospholipid bilayer- 2 layers of phospholipids where hydrophic tails are on inside and hydrophilic heads are on outside
Selective Permeability (Semi-Permeable)- Only allows some substances to enter and exit the cell
Homeostasis- Maintaining stable internal environment
Equilibrium- Concentrations are equal everywhere
Cholesterol
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PAGE 36 <TYPES OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT>
-O2, CO2
-H2O (osmosis)
-Sugars
-High to low concentration(with gradient)
-Low to high concentration (against gradient)
Cell membrane-(phospholipid bilayer)
protein
protein
(energy)
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PAGE 37 <OSMOSIS>
BEFORE AFTERTYPE OF SOLUTION
OUTSIDE CELLCELL
CHANGE
Shrink,Expand, or
Stays same?
Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?
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PAGE 37 <OSMOSIS>
BEFORE AFTERTYPE OF SOLUTION
OUTSIDE CELL
CELL CHANGE
Shrink,Expand, or
Stays same?
Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?
Expand
Stays same
Shrink
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic
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PAGE 38-39 <MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
CONCEPT MAP> Active transport Against Diffusion Endocytosis Equilibrium Exocytosis Facilitated diffusion High (2 times) Homeostasis Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic
Low (2 times) Osmosis Passive transport Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Protein pumps Selectively (Semi-) Shrink (Shrivel) Stay same Swell (Expand) With
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PAGE 38-39 <MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
CONCEPT MAP>
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PAGE 40 <CHEMICAL ENERGY> DRAW AND COLOR
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PAGE 41 <OBTAINING ENERGY> Autotroph
Definition in own words 2 drawings/examples
Heterotroph Definition in own words 2 drawings/examples
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PAGE 42 <PHOTOSYNTHESIS> 43 <CELL RESPIRATION >
Location:Reactants:Products:Organisms:
Location:Reactants:Products:Organisms:
# ATP producedGlycolysis:Kreb Cycle:ETC:
Equation: Equation:
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______captured
_______ released
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PAGE 42 <PHOTOSYNTHESIS> 43 <CELL RESPIRATION >
Location: chloroplastReactants: 6CO2 + 6H2O +energy Products: C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
Organisms: Autotrophs
Location: MitochondriaReactants: C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
Products: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energyOrganisms: Autotroph & heterotroph
# ATP producedGlycolysis: 2Krebs Cycle: 2ETC: 32TOTAL=36 ATP
Equation:6CO2 + 6H2O +energy → C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
Equation:C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 →6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
CO2
H2O
C6 H12 O6
O2
Sunlight energy
ATP for work
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PAGE 42 <PHOTOSYNTHESIS> 43 <CELL RESPIRATION >
Location: chloroplastReactants: 6CO2 + 6H2O +energy Products: C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
Organisms: Autotrophs
Location: MitochondriaReactants: C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
Products: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energyOrganisms: Autotroph & heterotroph
# ATP producedGlycolysis: 2Krebs Cycle: 2ETC: 32TOTAL=36 ATP
Equation:6CO2 + 6H2O +energy → C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
Equation:C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 →6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
CO2
H2O
C6 H12 O6
O2
Sunlight energy
ATP for work
matrixcristae
Outer membranegrana
stroma
thylakoid
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CHROMOSOME
PAGE 44 <CHROMOSOMES> draw and color
Centromere
chromatid chromatid
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PAGE 45 <CELL CYCLE> draw and color
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PAGE 46-47 <MITOSIS>
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASETELOPHASE
CYTOKINESIS
INTERPHASE (G1, S, G2)
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PAGE 47 <MITOSIS>
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASETELOPHASE
CYTOKINESIS
INTERPHASE (G1, S, G2)
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PAGE 48 <DNA> Color code and fill in blanks
DNA stands for: ___________________________________Monomers are called: ______________________________Each monomer contains: 1-2- 3-4 different Nitrogen bases: ________________________________________________________________________________ bonds with ______ and ______ bonds with ______
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PAGE 48 <DNA> Color code and fill in blanks
DNA stands for: deoxyribonucleic acidMonomers are called: nucleotidesEach monomer contains: 1-sugar (deoxyribose)2- phosphate 3-nitrogen base4 different Nitrogen bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine A bonds with T and C bonds with G
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PAGE 49 <3 Types of RNA>
__ RNA
__ RNA
__ RNA
______
______
RNA stands for: ___________________________________Monomers are called: ______________________________Each monomer contains: 1-2- 3-4 different Nitrogen bases: ________________________________________________________________________________ bonds with ______ and ______ bonds with ______
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PAGE 49 <3 Types of RNA>
__ RNA
__ RNA
__ RNA
______
______
RNA stands for: ribonucleic acidMonomers are called: nucleotidesEach monomer contains: 1-sugar (ribose)2- phosphate 3-nitrogen base4 different Nitrogen bases: adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine A bonds with U and C bonds with G
codon
anticodon
m
t
r
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PAGE 50 <Protein Synthesis>
Label the following structures:•Cell Membrane •nucleus•nuclear envelope•nuclear pore•tRNA•mRNA
•amino acid •polypeptide chain (protein)•codon •anticodon •ribosome
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PAGE 50 <Protein Synthesis>
polypeptide chain (protein)