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Transcript of Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) Standards and Classes Interactive Electronic...
Interactive Electronic Technical Manual Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM)(IETM)
Standards and ClassesStandards and Classes
By Don ReynoldsManTech Advanced Systems International, Inc.
Bonn, GermanyJanuary 2000
ETM/IETM Specifications ETM/IETM Specifications and Standardsand StandardsMIL-PRF-87268/9 (U.S. DoD)Metafile for Interactive Documents (U.S.
Navy)MIL-STD-2361 (U.S. Army)MIL-PRF-28001C with IED OS (CALS)AECMA 1000D (European Aircraft Mfg.)ATA 2100 (Air Transport Association)STEP Product Documentation (ISO)
FACTSFACTSThe availability of COTS products that
support an IETM specification/standard is inversely proportional to the complexity of that specification/standard
Most vendors are becoming less interested in DoD requirements and more interested in making products that work over Web
Important!!
IETM StandardizationIETM Standardization
IETM DTDs generally include dynamic constructs that require specialized (i.e. unique) authoring and presentation systems
We want neutral data (e.g., XML or SGML), but what is neutral???
U.S. DoD IETM SpecificationsU.S. DoD IETM SpecificationsMIL-PRF-87268
General content, style, format, and user interaction requirements for IETMs
Governs the look and feelMIL-PRF-87269
Database requirements for IETMsSeparates data into a generic layer and a
content-specific layer
TM/ETM/IETM TM/ETM/IETM Types/ClassificationsTypes/Classifications
U.S. Army and Air Force Data Types Type A, B, B+, C
U.S. Navy (CDNSWC) Classes Class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (Widely known)
JCALS Classes 1000 Class (1300, 1500, 1700) 2000 Class (2300, 2500, 2700) 3000 Class (3500)
ETM/IETM ClassesETM/IETM ClassesExisting ETMs/IETMs generally span
classesClasses exist to aid understanding, they
were not designed for contractual use
Classes & Converting Classes & Converting from Hardcopyfrom Hardcopy
Co
nvers
ion
Co
st
Class 1 Class 4
low-end estimate
high-end estimate
ETM Class 1ETM Class 1Electronically indexed page imagesDisplay: Full page-oriented electronic
viewingData: MIL-PRF-28002 (raster image),
Postscript, or PDF dataFunctionality: Access pages via intelligent
index, limited use of hotspotsNote: OK for TM data that rarely changes
ETM Class 2ETM Class 2Electronic scrolling document (also, page-
oriented or frame oriented)Display: Scrolling text/graphics windowData: ASCII text, possible HTML, XML, or
SGML tagging, bitmap graphicsFunctionality: Browse through scrolling
information with user selectable hot-spots on text or graphics
Classes 3, 4, 5 = IETMsClasses 3, 4, 5 = IETMsDifference between ETMs and IETMs
An IETM asks questions and responds accordingly to user-provided answers
An IETM employs context-dependent filtering, display is driven by conditions that are controlled by variables and expressions
Troubleshooting FlowchartTroubleshooting Flowchart
Port notLeaking
Yes
No
Check forExcessive
Port Leakage
Is SolenoidOperating
Yes
Are AirLines Clear
Yes
No
Check forBindingGuide
Is GuideBinding
PortLeaking
Yes
NoIs AirVenting fromPort Valve
No
“Interactive” Data
ETM Class 3 (IETM)ETM Class 3 (IETM)Display: Interaction through dialog boxes,
interaction functions per MIL-M-87268, less scrolling text
Data: ASCII text with XML or SGML tags, content tags rather than structure or format tags, MIL-D-87269 to the extent possible
Functionality: Dialog-driven interaction, logical display of information in accordance with content
ETM Class 4 (IETM)ETM Class 4 (IETM)Display: limited scrolling text (necessary
info only), interaction functions per MIL-M-87268, interaction via dialog boxes
Data: authored to a database, full conformance to MIL-D-87269, interactive features authored in, reduced redundancy
Functionality: same as Class 3
Class 3 vs Class 4 (1/2)Class 3 vs Class 4 (1/2)To the end user, Class 3 and 4 IETMs may
look and act the sameAuthoring and source data management
systems may be vastly differentClass 3 ETM authoring system may be an XML
or SGML editor and DBMS may be the computer’s file-system
Class 4 ETM authoring systems are usually custom designed and integrated with a COTS DBMS (too complicated to do with XML or SGML editor)
Class 3 vs Class 4 (2/2)Class 3 vs Class 4 (2/2)Class 4 is generally desirable for highly
complex systems (e.g. F-16, F-22, F/A-18, V-22, AEGIS Fire Control System, etc.)
Note: The advantages of supplying Class 4, fully attributed, MIL-PRF-87269 compliant, IETM databases to the government are not clear (generally, no other presentation system can be used to view the data)
ETM Class 5 (IETM)ETM Class 5 (IETM)Integrated Database IETMNot a clearly defined class but is intended
to be a superset of Class 4Accounts for integration of Class 4 IETMs
with other applicationsModel-based or rule-based expert system
diagnosticsTraining, Interactive Courseware
Hardcopy Hardcopy RequirementsRequirements
Producing both IETMs and traditional hardcopy TMs from the same data is generally more difficult as ETM Class increases
May be necessary Power outages, transportability, readability
(large drawings and schematics)
BEWARE
87269 and AECMA 1000D87269 and AECMA 1000DFundamentally different approachesAECMA 1000D is built on the Data Module
(DM) concept 87269 is built up from a Generic Layer
concept in concert with a Content Specific Layer
Both approaches have certain advantages and disadvantages
Data Organization/HierarchyData Organization/Hierarchy87269 allows for a recursive system
element to denote hierarchyThis can be used with or without a Standard
Numbering SystemIn 1000D, hierarchy can be delineated
through a Standard Numbering System and the Data Module CodeAs opposed to the nesting of DMs within the
markup
DynamicsDynamics87269 handles dynamic data with
embedded variables, expressions, and variable-driven conditional branching
Pre-conditions, Post-conditions, IF-NODEs, LOOP-NODEs, NODE-ALTs
These, however, have a negative impact on COTS product support
1000D has some dynamic capabilities with fault isolation information for simple traversement through Yes/No sequences
87269 and the Web87269 and the WebWe are currently looking at formulating a
Web-enabled alternative to 87269Direct translation of 87269 DTDs to XML
will not result in Web compatibilityThe functionality given by variables,
expressions, conditional-branching, etc. cannot be handled directly in XML by an XML-capable browser
Creative work-arounds are required
87269 and UML87269 and UMLDeveloping a UML model of the generic
layer and the O-level content specific layer in 87269
From this UML model we are examining Web-compatible alternatives that include XML, Java, etc.
Why UML?Why UML?To make 87269 constructs more specific
and comprehensible for developersUML is the latest OO modeling language,
standardized through the OMG, and continues to gain acceptance world-wide
87269 is Object Oriented in nature due to the use of architectural forms
Easy to move from UML to XML, Java, and C++ for implementation
Architectural Forms in UMLArchitectural Forms in UML
LOOP -NODE
IndexDec lare [0..1] : assertion
E x itCond : express ion
IndexA lter [0..1] : assertion
RepeatS eq : NODE -S E Q
S tart()
E val_Condit ion()
Update_Index ()
Term inate()
NODE -S E Q
S eqE l ements : Architec tural-Form s
Traverse()
1
1
1
1
A rchitec tural-Form s
id : ID
cdm : NA M E
ref : IDRE F
1
1..*
1
1..*
NODE -A LTS
Nodes : NODE
E val_A lts ()
NO DE
nam e : CDA TA
type : CDA TA
item id : CDA TA
precondit ions [0..*] : precond
pos tcondit ions [0..*] : pos tcond
Contents : Inform ationContent-Form s
prim itives [0..*] : prim itive
links [0..*] : link
Display ()
E val_P os t_Condit ions ()
E val_P re_Conditions ()
1 1. .*1 1. .*
Inform ationCont ent-Form s
1
0..*
1
0..*
IF-NODE
Condit ion : express ion
ThenS eq : NODE -S E Q
E lseS eq [0..1] : NODE -S E Q
Dec ide()
E val_E xpress ion()
Example
unary -operation
E xp : expre ss io n value
bi nary -op erat ion
Fi rs tE xp : e xpress ion
S econ dE x p : express ion
express ion
Result : P CDA TA
E valuate()
assertion
E xp : express ion
P rop : property
E valuate()
property
nam e : P CDA TA
type : CDA TA
value-type : CDA TA
dialog-ref : IDRE F
Get_value()
A ss ign_value()
pos tcond
P Condit ion : assertion
A ss ert ()
% prim it ive
(from Primi tives)
precond
Condit ion : express ion
E valuate()
Final CommentsFinal CommentsThere is much room for improvement in
the standardization of U.S. DoD IETMsThe primary U.S. DoD IETM database
specification 87269 is being examined to achieve improvements in interoperability at the source data level and improvements in Web compatibility
The Joint IETM Architecture is designed to improve interoperability at the user level