INTER-COUNTRIES RESEARCH For Manufacturing Advancement.pdf

8/14/2019 INTER-COUNTRIES RESEARCH For Manufacturing Advancement.pdf

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LLP PROJECT IRMA INTER-COUNTRIES RESEARCH

FOR MANUFACTURING ADVANCEMENT

STRATEGIC PROJECT GUIDELINES

Part I: Manufacturing Engineering Sector

IntroductionManufacturing engineering involves the analysis and modification of product designs so as

to assure manufacturability, the design, selection, specification, and optimization of the requiredequipment, tooling, processes and operations: and the determination of other technical matters

required to make a given product according to the desired volume, timetable, cost, quality level and

other specifications. Manufacturing engineering is a relatively new term applied to some aspects of

planning and control of manufacturing; it is a service function to the production department.

Manufacturing engineering as a planning activity takes place between product design and the

planning of the overall manufacturing process. Overall manufacturing planning is usually

considered within the profession of industrial engineering. But in attitudes of greater specialization,

manufacturing engineering may be considered a separate profession closely allied to industrial

engineering [1].

Manufacturing, in its broadest sense, is the process of converting raw materials into products.

It encompasses (l) the design of the product, (2) the selection of raw materials, and (3) the sequence

of processes through which the product will be manufactured.

Manufacturing is the backbone of any industrialized nation. Its importance is emphasized by the fact

that, as an economic activity, it comprises approximately 20% to 30% of the value of all goods and

services produced. A country's level of manufacturing activity is directly related to its economic

health. Generally, the higher the level of manufacturing activity in a country, the higher the standard

of living of its people.

The word manufacturing is derived from the Latin manu factus, meaning made by hand. The word

manufacture first appeared in 1567, and the word manufacturing appeared in 1683. In the modem

sense, manufacturing involves making products from raw materials by means of various processes,

machinery, and operations, through a well-organized plan for each activity required. The wordproduct means something that is produced, and the words product and production first appeared

sometime during the 15th century.

The wordproduction is often used interchangeably with the word manufacturing. Whereas manufacturing

engineering is the term used widely in the United States to describe this area of industrial activity, the

equivalent term in other countries is production engineering.

Because a manufactured item has undergone a number of processes in which pieces of raw material

have been turned into a useful product, it has a value-defined as monetary worth or marketable price. For

example, as the raw material for ceramics, clay has a certain value as mined. When the clay is used to

make a ceramic cutting tool or electrical insulator, value is added to the clay. Similarly, a wire coat hanger

or a nail has a value over and above the cost of the piece of wire from which it is made. Thus

manufacturing has the important function of adding value.Manufacturing is generally a complex activity involving a wide variety of resources and

activities, such as the following [2]:


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Product design Purchasing Marketing Machinery and tooling Manufacturing Sales Process planning Production control Shipping Materials Support services Customer serviceManufacturing activities must be responsive to several demands and trends:1. A product must fully meet design requirements and product specifications and standards.2. A product must be manufactured by the most environmentally friendly and economical

methods.

3. Quality must be builtinto the product at each stage, from design to assembly, rather than testedin after the product is made. Furthermore, the level of quality should be appropriate to the

product's use.

4. In a highly competitive environment, production methods must be flexible enough to respond tochanges in market demands, types of products, production rates, production quantities, and on-

time delivery requirements.

5.New developments in materials, production methods, and computer integration of bothtechnological and managerial activities in a manufacturing organization must constantly be

evaluated with a view to their appropriate, timely, and economical implementation.

6. Manufacturing activities must be viewed as a large system, the parts of which are interrelated.Such systems can now be modeled, in order to study the effect of factors such as changes in

market demands, product design, and materials. Various other factors and production methods

affect product quality and cost.

7.A manufacturing organization must constantly strive for higher levels of quality and productivity(defined as the optimum use of all its resources: materials, machines, energy, capital, labor, and

technology). Output per employee per hour in all phases must

be maximized. Zero-based part rejection (and consequent reduction of waste) are also an integral

aspect of productivity.

A. Description and Model of SWOT Analysis within the Manufacturing

Engineering Sector

A SWOTis a planning tool used to understand the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,

and Threats involved in a project or in a business. It involves specifying the objective of the

business or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are supportive or

unfavorable to achieving that objective.

SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats. There are several

ways of graphically representing the SWOT analysis matrix or grid.

The SWOT Model:

Internal

Strengths Weaknesses

Opportunities Threats

Positive

External

Negative orpotential tobe negative


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OpportunitiesOffensive-

make the most of these

Defensive-

watch competition closely

ThreatsAdjust-

restore strengths

Survive-

turn around

A SWOT analysisprocess generates information that is helpful in matching an organization

or groups goals, programs, and capacities to the social environment in which it operates. Note the

SWOT itself is only a data capture - the analysis follows.

Strengths Positive tangible and intangible attributes, internal to an organization. They are within the organizations control.

Weakness

Factors that are within an organizations control that detract from its ability to attain thedesired goal.

Which areas might the organization improve?Opportunities

External attractive factors that represent the reason for an organization to exist and develop. What opportunities exist in the environment, which will propel the organization?

Identify them by their time frames

Threats External factors, beyond an organizations control, which could place the organization

mission or operation at risk.

The organization may benefit by having contingency plans to address them if they shouldoccur.

Classify them by their seriousness and probability of occurrence.

SWOT Analysis Model within the Manufacturing Engineering Sector

Following SWOT analysis is based on assessing the effectiveness, efficiency and trendswithin manufacturing engineering education which is a strategic tool for revealing basic needs and

requirements of the subject. After defining four basic areas of SWOT analysis within the sector we

can seek ways to improve its performance in all aspects. This is done

by thorough SWOT results analysis and determining the critical issues that need to be

addressed. After ranking critical issues in order of importance, recommendations for action can be

made.There are four basic SWOT areas in presented grid. To the left and right youll find criteria

samples for evaluating each area. This are basically hints or FAQs, which can help you toidentify possible areas by revealing of which you can describe the current status of manufacturingengineering sector of interest.

Basically there are no required fields to fulfill. Nevertheless more information youll be able toput into the grid will allow more precise analysis of manufacturing engineering education sector.


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STRENGTHS WEAKNESSESCriteria examples Criteria examples

Capabilities? Gapsincapabilities?Competitiveadvantages? Lackofcompetitive

strength?Marketing-reach,distribution,awareness? Reputation,presenceandreach?Resources,Assets,People?

Sectormanagement?Experience,knowledge,data? Financials?Innovativeaspects? Knownsector

vulnerabilities?Locationandgeographical? Legislationmilestones,

deadlinesand

pressures?

Price,value,quality? Cashflow,start-upcash

availability?Uniquesellingpoints? Continuity,supplychain

robustness?Accreditations,qualifications,certifications? Pressuresonmanufacturingcore

activities?Processes,systems,IT,communications? Reliabilityofdata,developmentpredictability?Financialreserves,likelyreturns? Morale,commitment,leadership?Cultural,attitudinal,behavioural? Accreditations,licensing?

Managementcover,succession? Processesandsystems,etc?

Others? Others?OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

Criteria examples CriteriaexamplesMarketdevelopments? Politicaleffects?Newtechnologyadvancement? Legislativeeffects?Industrytrends? Environmentaleffects?Technologydevelopmentandinnovation? ITdevelopments?Globalinfluences? Marketdemand?Newmarkets? Newtechnologies,

services,ideas?Newtargetmarketsegments? Vitalcontractsandpartners?Geographical,export,import? Sustaininginternal

capabilities?NewUSP's? Obstaclesfaced?Newmajorcontracts? Sustainablefinancial

backing?Businessandproductdevelopment? Economy-home,abroad?Informationandresearch? Availabilityofstaff?Partnerships,agencies,distribution? Possibleforcemajeureimpacts?Volumes,production,economies? Othersectorsinfluence?Others? Others?

SWOT Analysis Model within the Manufacturing Engineering Sector for IRMA Project:


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Example of SWOT Analysis for Manufacturing Engineering Sector in IRMA Project:


1. Manufacturing Engineering (ME) covers vast

majority of industry

2. Rapidly developing field in all EU countries

3. Sustainable economical growth of the field

4. ME employs considerable amount of

employees

5. ME is a field supported by governments in

many EU countries

6. ME is also supported by EU authorities

7. ME is supported by educational sector

1. Vast and diversified field with different

mainstreams

2. Development of ME is dependant on many

additional factors

Opportunities Threats

1. Research of undeveloped potential of ME

2. Analysis of requirements of life-long learning

in ME

3.Comparative analysis of old and newly

accessed countries of EU

4.Cooperation improvement between

educational sector and ME sector5. Access to know-how in life-long learning by

all EU countries

1.Globalisation in all industrial sectors including

ME

2. Differentiation of development in individual

EU countries

B. Trends and Main Indicators in the Manufacturing Engineering SectorEngineering activities involved in the creation and operation of the technical and economic

processes that convert raw materials, energy, and purchased items into, components for sale to other

manufacturers or into end products for sale to the public. Defined in this way, manufacturing

engineering includes product design and manufacturing system design as well as operation of the

factory. More specifically, manufacturing engineering involves the analysis and modification of

product designs so as to assure manufacturability, the design, selection, specification, andoptimization of the required equipment, tooling, processes and operations: and the determination of

other technical matters required to make a given product according to the desired volume, timetable,

cost, quality level and other specifications [3].

Manufacturing is one of the most complex of human group activities. It comprises hundreds

or thousands of simultaneous and serial subactions, some of which occur in fractions of a second

while others take hours, months, or even years to have full effect. These actions may be material,

technical, informational, social or economic.

Historically, the function of manufacturing engineering was limited to developing and

optimizing the production process. In brief, the manufacturing engineering function bridges the gap

between the product design and full production. This can best be understood by considering the

total process through which a designer's concept becomes a marketable product:1. From the results of a needs analysis or market analysis, a product designer conceptualizes a

product and then drawings and one or more prototypes of this product are produced.


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2. The finalized prototype and its part drawings are released to the group responsible for the

manufacturing engineering function, which starts designing and building an economically

justifiable process by which the product will be produced.

3. When the manufacturing process developed by manufacturing engineering has beenthoroughly tried and proved workable, it is turned over to the production group, which

assumes responsibility for product manufacture.

This method is known as the serial method of product production or the conventional product-

production system design process (Fig. 1). A method developed after the serial method, known as

concurrent design/concurrent engineering, has been practiced in Japan since the late 1950s and

since around 1980 in the most progressive companies in the United States. Concurrent

design/concurrent engineering means the consideration of issues of product design, manufacture,

and use concurrently, but not necessarily simultaneously. Team is formed of all the necessary

specialists who meet periodically to review the status of the design, report on the success or

difficulties in satisfying their individual functional constraints, and collectively determine their next

steps. An alternative arrangement has the team meeting continually. The starting point for a newdesign includes all the history of previous products, how they were designed and manufactured, as

well as the institutions of people who did the work and who will do the next design. This concept is

important, because, by the time the concept validation phase is finished, 75% of the total life-cycle

cost of a product has been determined. Thus any downstream function can optimize only the

remaining 25% no matter what it does or how much money it spends [4].

Fig. 1 Flow chart showing the components of the serial method of product production

The planning and control of the mechanical means of changing the shape, condition, and

relationship of materials within industry toward greater effectiveness and value. Manufacturing

engineering is a relatively new term applied to some aspects of planning and control of

manufacturing; it is a service function to the production department.

As industry and technology evolve to greater levels of sophistication, complexity, and

specialization, the broad area of figuring out what to do becomes more involved and at the same

time better understood. By this process some of what had been originally performed by either the

production department or the industrial engineer becomes a separate activity with its ownbackground of knowledge, principles, and techniques.

Market needs

Productperformancespecification

Product design

Productionsystem

specification

Productionsystem design

Production

cast model

Productionsystem

technology

Investmentdecisionmethods


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Manufacturing engineering as a planning activity takes place between product design and

the planning of the overall manufacturing process. Overall manufacturing planning is usually

considered within the profession of industrial engineering. But in attitudes of greater specialization,

manufacturing engineering may be considered a separate profession closely allied to industrialengineering. Place of the manufacturing engineering in the chain Product Design Manufacturing

Engineering Industrial Engineering is presented on Fig. 2.

The purpose of manufacturing engineering is to refine and adjust the design of the product

(preferably with the product designer) to the problems involved in its proposed manufacture.

Conversely it should solve certain problems, mainly mechanical, such as those involved in

processing, tools, dies, and new or special equipment necessary to manufacture the product

efficiently and according to the established specifications.

Fig. 2 Place of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering in Process Realization of Product

Product design, manufacturing engineering, and industrial engineering overlap variously

according to the situation, policy, and organization. The techniques of manufacturing engineering

are mainly in the field of mechanical engineering, but some are closely related in concept and

performance to, if not directly derived from industrial engineering.Intelligent activity in manufacturing engineering requires a comprehensive understanding of

both the intention and meaning of the product design and the means and principles of industrial

Conceptual Design of Product, Study of Functions

Analyses of Product Design on Analytical Models

Production of Product Prototype, its Testing and Evaluation

Creation of Drawing Documentation, Users ManualsProductDesign

Analyses of Product Technology of Construction

Project of Technological Methods of Materials Processing

Design of Tools, Instruments and Manufacturing Machines

Creation of Technological Documentation, NC programsManufacturin

gEngin.

Design of Complex Manufacturing Systems

Planning, Control and Optimization of Production

Securing of Power, Observation of Terms, Costs

Implementation of Production in Manufacturing SystemsIndustrialEngineering

Technical Task

Product


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engineering. The manufacturing engineer often acts as liaison between product design and industrial

engineering [6].

C. Manufacturing Engineering in Higher EducationThe discipline of Manufacturing Engineering is evolving rapidly to meet the needs of

manufacturing industries. It is important for the development of the discipline to define a common

basis for communication and to strengthen networks among educators. This the only way we can

fully realize the benefits of the diversity in the discipline that exist nationally and internationally.

The IRMA Project is an opportunity for manufacturing educators to address issues related to global

shifts in manufacturing, shifts in jobs, pollution, international trade, and international

manufacturing.

Important areas in manufacturing engineering higher education:

Integrating Product Design into Manufacturing Engineering Curricula Education on Design and Manufacture of Sustainable Products Innovations in Manufacturing Engineering Education (Multimedia/Poster) Educational Methods for Manufacturing Engineering Education Globalization Issues in Manufacturing Education New Technologies for Manufacturing Engineers Building Connections for Manufacturing Engineering Education Teaching Teams in Manufacturing Engineering Education

Manufacturing is a vital part of most developed economies, and is these days a very highly-

developed activity, bringing together skills such as engineering, state of the art computer systems,

and high level business management.

Many people then that a Higher Manufacturing Engineering Degree is now the norm if

people want to work in any of the various roles offered by Manufacturing Engineering.Manufacturing Engineers can play a part in every aspect of the manufacturing process including

developing products, running operations, designing manufacturing systems, and advising and

supporting customers. As a graduateof a Manufacturing Engineering Degree program is possible to

work duties would centre on the manufacturing process, either in its totality or with focus on a

particular area. Engineers might design or develop new products, using your skills to produce

designs that were effective and could be manufactured economically. They might take

responsibility for supervising a production line from raw materials to finished product. Some people

with Manufacturing Engineering Degrees work as Sales Engineers, helping to sell products where

technical expertise is required to present the product to the customer.

With a Manufacturing Engineering Degree to engineer credit will find a surprisingly wide

range of possible jobs open to you, reflecting the breadth and depth of them degree studies. As wellas positions in manufacturing industry, them well-developed technology and problem-solving skills

will enable you to seek posts in consultancy firms, computer businesses, and financial institutions,

to mention only a few. Modern manufacturing depends increasingly on sophisticated technology,

and the knowledge engineers acquire through earning a Manufacturing Engineering Degree will

ensure that you are excellently equipped to forge a successful career.

Manufacturing engineers have the task of improving manufacturing processes to be better, faster,

and cheaper. The success of manufacturing engineers has a direct correlation to the advancement of

technology and the widespread availability of innovation, making this facet of engineering essential.

A professional in this field constantly reviews the allocation of resources, analyzes productivity,

and seeks ways to maximize production while minimizing cost. Manufacturing engineering careers

present challenging and rewarding opportunities that never fail to engage intellectual curiosity and

push the edge of innovative thinking.


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To achieve success in manufacturing engineering, quality education is an absolute must. Engineers

draw heavily on mathematical and scientific knowledge, and these are skills best developed in a

manufacturing engineering degree program. An excellent manufacturing engineering degree

program also provides students with an opportunity to fuse math and science with top-notchcommunications skills. But, how can a potential student decide if manufacturing engineering is the

right field to pursue? There are several things to consider.

First, a potential student should investigate the scope of his engineering interests. Manufacturing

engineering is just one facet of the engineering industry. A manufacturing engineer enjoys

improving the production process from start to finish. He or she has the ability to keep the whole

production process in mind as he or she zeroes in on a particular portion of the process. For

example, successful students in manufacturing engineering degree programs are inspired by the

notion of starting with a natural resource, such as a block of wood, and ending with a usable,

valuable product, such as a desk.

Secondly, earning a college degree in manufacturing engineering involves intense and thorough

study of advanced mathematics and science, including calculus, computer science, physics, andother upper level courses. Potential students should thrive in such courses. Proper preparation for

earning an engineering education includes high school courses in math, science, computers, and

computer assisted drafting.

Even within this highly specialized field of engineering, many choices exist. Whether a student is

interested in developing an initial set of engineering skills before pursuing a more intense degree

program, or whether a professional engineer is hoping to expand a general knowledge of

manufacturing engineering with an advanced degree, distance learning provides a plethora of

appealing opportunities.

Certificate Programs

Engineering certificate programs offer worthwhile options to both new students seeking an

introductory educational experience and current manufacturing engineering professionals who want

a more in-depth knowledge of their specialty. Online engineering certificate programs encourage

students to learn and improve skills in a narrow, specific facet of the field.

Improving key skills allows manufacturing engineering majors to develop a focused expertise that

could translate into stronger employment opportunities and job growth. In addition, when a student

completes the requirements for a certificate in engineering, most online degree programs allow that

student to transfer these credits towards a more advanced, intense degree program. Certificate

programs vary, and potential students should discuss particular degree programs with school

admissions counselors.

Associate Degree

Engineering students who commit to pursuing an Associate degree will discover opportunities inseveral engineering fields. Many programs allow students to take elective courses dedicated to

manufacturing engineering. Most Associate degree programs provide students with a thorough,

broad knowledge of engineering technology. Students who earn an Associate degree will also

qualify for many entry-level jobs in engineering technology fields. This is an attractive opportunity

for students to get their feet wet in the classroom and on the job before deciding to pursue a more

intense degree program.

Bachelor of Science in Engineering

The Bachelor of Science degree is the foundation for the majority of manufacturing engineering

careers. Most B.S. in Engineering programs focus heavily on the general concepts of engineering,

math, science, and technology. Known to be intense and rigorous, B.S. programs also place

immense emphasis on merging strong engineering skills with the ability to effectivelycommunicate. Students pursuing a B.S. in Engineering should also expect to study humanities,

history, and ethics. Online manufacturing engineering degree programs offer students this well-


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rounded education over the Internet, making the experience possible from anywhere with Internet

access.

Master of Science in Manufacturing Engineering

After a couple of years of work experience, many engineers find it necessary to increase theirknowledge of a specific niche of engineering in order to open doors to job promotion and career

advancement. Thus, many manufacturing engineers pursue a Master of Science in Manufacturing

Engineering degree. This degree program focuses on advanced technical skills, problem-solving

abilities, and a sophisticated understanding of everything involved in the manufacturing process.

M.S.M.E. degree programs allow students to specialize their talents and skills, which increases job

value and employability in advanced positions. Because most students make the decision to pursue

and M.S.M.E. while working, online degree programs are an attractive and convenient way for

students to study and plan for the future while maintaining present commitments.

Master of Science in Engineering Management

Potential students should consider the Master of Science Degree program in Engineering after a few

years of work experience. Most M.S.E.M. degree programs appeal to current engineers whoanticipate taking on their first management role. This advanced curriculum combines sophisticated

engineering knowledge with leadership training and project management courses. The goal of

M.S.E.M. degree programs is to develop engineering professionals who are effectively able to

manage and lead a group of engineers. Distance education is an advantageous way to pursue and

obtain an M.S.E.M. degree because it allows experienced engineers to continue working full-time

while advancing their skills, education, and training. Online degree programs also allow students to

focus more heavily on the unique management skills associated with specific fields of engineering.

Career options for aspiring manufacturing engineers

Industrial Engineer. The work of an industrial engineer is very similar to the work of amanufacturing engineer. This field requires knowledge of manufacturing processes. An

industrial engineer focuses on the product development process and seeks to constantly

streamline and improve manufacturing techniques. Professionals working in this field often

pursue advanced training in quality assurance and operations management. Industrial

engineers find work in several industries and enjoy various prospective job fields, including

manufacturing, technology, and service. As modern technology continues to advance,

industrial engineers are learning that the techniques developed to benefit the manufacturing

process also apply to most other industries.

Business Consultant. When a manufacturing company is having trouble addressingproblems, they often hire a business consultant to offer advice and potential solutions.

Successful engineering business consultants are experts in particular niches or industries.

Business consultants are able to look at problems objectively, formulate plans forimprovement, and most importantly, effectively communicate with clients. Business

consultants with degrees in manufacturing engineering are especially valuable to companies

seeking to update and streamline production and assembly procedures.

Operations Research Analyst. An operations research analyst studies processing andmanufacturing procedures in order to determine areas for improvement and growth.

Professionals in this occupation rely on extensive research and observation to form decision-

making methods and problem solving techniques. Like a manufacturing engineer, operations

research analysts are able to view the bigger picture of a production process in order to gauge

how to make the individual components of the process cheaper and more efficient. Operations

research analysts focus on the end result and continually try to improve their products. This

type of position is found in various parts of the engineering industry, including manufacturingengineering and industrial engineering.


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Engineering Technician. Engineering technicians apply scientific, mathematic, andengineering theories and methods to solve technical problems in various fields of engineering.

Most engineering technician jobs require an Associate degree, so job advancement and depth

is designed for a young professional who may still be exploring career interests. EngineeringTechnicians who work in the manufacturing industry serve as assistants to more experienced

engineering professionals for research, product design, manufacturing procedures and various

related tasks. The function of an Engineering Technician general involves more practical and

physical assignments like using an engineer's plan to build a prototype of a product or

utilizing computer assisted drafting tools to generate virtual models.

Engineering Managers. Engineering managers are experienced engineering professionalswho are successfully able to combine an immense command of engineering technique and

theory with excellent communication skills. In general, an engineering manager guides,

oversees, and directs teams of engineers and is responsible for the productivity and results of

his team. Many engineering managers work in the manufacturing industry, and a background

in manufacturing engineering is a solid foundation for future engineers hoping to pursue thisadvanced career path.

Information Systems Managers. Systems managers develop, modify, and monitorinformation systems. Information systems collect and track data, and they enable users to

recall and pull up information quickly. Information systems managers have to keep up with

the constantly improving and changing computer technology and create plans to implement

the latest technology on existing systems. In addition, systems managers coordinate and

supervise the efforts of teams of computer programmers, computer engineers and systems

analysts. Information systems managers rely on their manufacturing engineering degrees

constantly, in order to appropriately address the requirements of managing information

systems.

D. Best Practices that may be Improved by the Project IRMAFor instance, the excellence of enterprises and universities and their capacity to advance the

manufacturing technologies realization and education by the Project IRMA could be

analyzed/evaluated through the following topics:

Creative use of progressive tools for design phases using the modern tools with elements ofartificial intelligence as strategic approaches for implementation of modern technologies. It will

include the SW technologies (CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM/PLM), optimization of product design

focused on price and manufacturing costs, cooperation and out-sourcing on product design,

modern CAPP systems and their implementation

Use of sophisticated approaches during the production phases focused on new methods inorganization and management of manufacturing processes, ERP, MRP systems, logistics,innovation of manufacturing tools, visualization of manufacturing management

Implementation of out-sourcing methods of manufacturing processes management. Out-sourcingdecision making processes. Implementation phases of out-sourcing management.

Environmental impacts of cutting edge manufacturing technologies. Environmental approachesof waste management.

Nanotechnology in manufacturing processes. Development, testing and implementation ofnanotechnology use in modern manufacturing processes focused on improvement of

manufacturing process effectiveness. Environmental impact and risks of nanotechnology use in

manufacturing.

Project IRMA partners must to realize central, always up-to-date view on project plans,schedules, reports, and cost estimations in order to stay ahead of the competition. On the base of

this is recommended:


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improve the accuracy of all documents; speed up project time to market; collaborate efficiently with all partners and sub-partners in a global European environment; improve all works process to obtain operational transparency; and satisfy all portal customers, profitably.Best practices in Manufacturing Engineering and education

Best practices - copying the best Is this what we need? Global economic structure is changing day by day. Todays best practices

are not tomorrows. Learn whats best now and use innovation!

We must focus on creating future best practices!References

[1] BUMBALEK, S.: Manufacturing Engineering and their Place in Industry, Science and on

Universities. Manufacturing Technology, No. 4, 2000, pp. 3-4 (in Czech).[2] KALPAKJIAN, S. - SCHMID, S. R.: Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. Prentice-

Hall, New Yersey, 2001, 1148 p., ISBN 0-201-36131-0.

[3] NIEBEL, B. W. - GJESDAHL, M. S.: Production Engineering. American Technical

Publishers, 1971, 148 p., ISBN 92-833-1004-7.

[4] MARCINCIN, J. N.: Tasks and Purposes of Manufacturing Engineering and Industrial

Engineering. In: Proceedings of the conference New Trends in Manufacturing Technique

Operation. FVT Presov, 2001, pp. 453-455, ISBN 80-7099-723-0.

[5] VASILKO, K. - BOKUCAVA, G.: Manufacturing Technologies. ES FVT TU, Presov, 2001,

203 p., ISBN 80-7099-623-4 (in Slovak).

[6] VASILKO, K. - MARCINCIN, J. N. - HAVRILA, M.: Manufacturing Engineering. FVT TU

of Kosice with a seat in Presov, Presov, 2003, 424 p., ISBN 80-7099-995-0.

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