Intelligent use of energy: Renewable energy market. Diego Arjona Hanmer Springs, New Zealand...
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Transcript of Intelligent use of energy: Renewable energy market. Diego Arjona Hanmer Springs, New Zealand...
Intelligent use of energy:
Renewable energy market.
Diego Arjona
Hanmer Springs,
New Zealand
November 8th, 2004
National Commission for Energy Conservation
Introduction:
Energy:Balance between supply and demand.
Opportunity areas:Not all energy spent is used.Systems and equipment with low efficiency.Growing environmental impacts. Low share of clean and renewable energy sources.
Challenges:
Mexico has a large potential to produce conventional energy, however there are many opportunities to use it efficiently and use renewable resources: intelligent use of energy.
Mexico needs to increase the production of energy, through clean and renewable sources
There is no right to produce energy with non renewable sources, that is not to be used.
Intelligent Use of Energy:
Avoid waste:Do not spend energy that is not used; reduce waste.
Increase efficiency:Same service with lower consumption; efficient equipment and generation.
Promotes the use of clean and renewable energyMini-hydro, wind, biogas, solar, geo-thermal, etc.
Renewable sources in México
SourceWorld
CapacityMW
MexicoCapacity
MW
% Mexico vs.
World
Geo-thermal 8,365 838 10
Solar 532 14 2.6
Mini-Hydro 27,950 40 1.4
Biogas 35,000 17 0.05
Wind 30,400 2 0.005
Actions:
Supply increase:
(Reforms and new legislation for both, renewable and no-renewable energy)
Demand reduction:
(Energy efficiency campaign)
National Campaign:
Reforms: Campaign:Legislative action Executive action
Difficult consensus Easy consensus
High financial cost Low financial cost
Increase fossil fuels consumption
Decrease fossil fuels consumption
Increase pollution and CO2 Decrease pollution and CO2
Lack of involvement by local governments and society
Local governments and society can participate
Objective of the campaign:
To promote the Intelligent Use of Energy, through actions that:
A) Avoid waste
B) Increase efficiency
C) Promote clean and renewable energy sources
Benefits:
Economic:Lower costs.Reduction of energy imports.
Investments deferment.Jobs creation.
Increase ReservesDecrease the use of fossil fuels.
Environmental ProtectionReduction of local pollution and GHG emissions
(CO2).
Indicators:
1. Energy Consumption Statistics
In energy units
2. Renewable Energy Generation
Growth in the share of renewable primary sources of energy
Restrictions:
1. Same service, lower consumption:The Intelligent Use of Energy shall not affect:
1. Safety2. Well being and comfort3. Economic growth4. Environmental protection5. Quality6. Productivity
2. Disposal of inefficient equipment :Replaced equipment should be put out of service Disposal or recycling must be mandatoryThere should be financial support for the disposal effort
Main energy consumption agents:
1) Federal Government
2) States and Municipalities
3) Industries and Commerce
4) Homes and buildings
5) Transport
National Energy Consumption Matrix(% consumption; 2006 projection)
NationalNational
ConsumptionConsumptionFederal
GovernmentStates &
MunicipalitiesIndustries &
Commerce
Homes &
BuildingsTransport
Electricity
7.7 99.7 27.2 19.9 0.3
23.7 3.3 53.3 19.2 0.6 100.0
Natural Gas
56.3 0.0 32.0 3.5 0.0
72.3 0.0 26.2 1.4 0.0 100.0
LPG
0.3 0.2 8.0 40.1 3.4
1.3 0.0 25.0 61.7 12.0 100.0
Gasoline and Diesel
2.6 0.1 7.9 0.0 89.4
3.5 0.0 6.9 0.0 89.5 100.0
Other fuels
33.2 0.0 25.0 36.4 7.0
50.6 0.0 24.3 17.4 7.7 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
National Energy Consumption Matrix (Petajoules; 2006 projection)
National National ConsumptionConsumption Federal
GovernmentStates &
MunicipalitiesIndustries &
Commerce
Homes &
BuildingsTransport Total
Electricity 186.1 26.1 418.8 150.7 4.4 786.1
Natural Gas 1,360.3 0.0 492.5 26.7 0.7 1,880.2
LPG 6.5 0.1 122.8 303.1 58.8 491.2
Gasoline and
Diesel62.1 0.0 121.1 0.0 1,567.1 1,750.3
Other fuels 802.9 0.0 386.0 275.3 121.9 1,586.1
TotalTotal2,417.9
37.2%
26.2
0.4%
1,541.2
23.7%
755.8
11.6%
1,752.9
27.0%
6,493.96,493.9
100.0%100.0%
Potential:
Several sources estimate that the national energy savings potential in Mexico is in the long term in the range of
20%
National goal proposed
5%
Saving of the overall energy consumption of the country by December 2006
National Goal 2006
Electricity: 10,918 GWhTotal generation of six new power plants that started operation in August 2004Generation of the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant
Natural Gas : 257 MMcfdThree times the total production of the Poza Rica Process Center
70% of Pemex Petrochemical’s consumption
LPG : 18 Mbd25% of the Cangrejera processing plant’s production8% of total residential consumption
Gasoline and Diesel: 46 Mbd10% of the national supply and demand22% of gasoline imports
Impact on imports of NG:
Natural Gas : 20% imports reduction
Electricity (NG imports): 30% imports reduction
Total Impact in NG imports :
50% imports reduction
Direct Benefits:
Source: Save Price Benefit
Electricity 11,000GWh/yr
0.90$/kWh
9,900MM Pesos/yr
Natural Gas 94,000MMcf/yr
65$/Mcf
6,110MM Pesos/yr
LP Gas 6,500Mbarrel/yr
1,170$/barrel
7,605MM Pesos/yr
Diesel & Gasoline 17,000Mbarrel/yr
965$/barrel
16,405MM Pesos/yr
Total Direct Save 40,020
MM Pesos/yr
Possible driver of regional development Wind: several regions, mainly in Oaxaca state Minihydro: several regions, mainly in the south
and southwest regions of Mexico
Could be a source of employment Manufacture, design, installation and
operation of systems
Mexico has ratified the Kyoto Protocol Can participate in the Clean Development
Mechanism
Because RE is distributed generation The systems architecture of the future
Renewable energy impacts.
National capacities.
Ministry of Energy
Ministry of NaturalResources
Ministry ofAgriculture
RegulatoryEnergy
Commission
Federal Power
Commission
SharedRiskFund
RenewableEnergy
NationalEnergy
ConservationCommission
PrivateIndustry
Propertyowners
NationalWater
Commission
ResearchInstitutes
ANES
High initial cost of the technology. Poor information about the resources. Subsidies to end-users.
Mainly in residential and agricultural sectors
Lack of technical expertise. For project development.
No incentives. Large transaction costs.
Small projects are not economical.
Barriers to RE in Mexico.
Apply to intermittent renewable energy projects under the self-supply scheme.
Exchange electrical energy: energy is taken by the grid as it is produced and delivered as it is required.
Peak and base energy exchange rate: time-of-day value of electricity.
In operation since 2001.
Other services.Interconnection.Back up.Wheeling.
Resolution 140.
Energy sectorHydro and wind generation
Off-grid developmentsRural areas
Small remote equipment
Residential and commercial sectorsWater-heating solar collectors
Current areas of renewableCurrent areas of renewableenergy application in Mexicoenergy application in Mexico
For productive projects in agriculture Continuation of the FIRCO-Sandia
collaboration (1994-1999) 195 projects for 94 kW
A GEF project 8.9 MMUS$ donation 31.5 MMUS$ total
For market development Develop mechanisms for integration of a large
set of actors
More than 1100 systems up to 2003
Projects: FIRCO Program
Oaxaca´s state government is leading the effort Legislation (draft) Regional Commission (draft)
International meetings with wind power companies. Intermediation with land owners.
Potential: More than 32,000 MW 3,000 MW according to grid planning.
Preliminary wind power map NREL study, 2003
Other states: Zacatecas, Hidalgo, Quintana Roo, BC.
Projects: Oaxaca wind corridor
Biogas from landfill in Monterrey Municipalities self supply 7 MW capacity GEF funds and private investment. In operation since 2003
Wind Farm Capacity: 100 MW La Ventosa, Oaxaca CFE Bidding: 2004
Flagship projects.
Minihydro Resources
25 rivers6 regions
Ríos San Pedro,Acaponeta,Baluarte y Presidio
Ríos Armería,Marbasco,Ameca
Ríos Toscano,Aguililla,Coalcoman
Ríos Copalita,Río Verde,Quetzalapa
RíosTehuantepec & Papaloapan
Río Grijalva andUsumacinta.
ConaeVeracruz & Puebla 400 MW
Sun power
Photovoltaic energy Widely used in rural electrification,
pumping and communications systems
Solar heaters. New voluntary standard NMX.
Advisory Council for Renewable Energy PromotionAdvisory Council for Renewable Energy Promotion
Created by CONAE to act as a consulting body to analyze and discuss policy proposals and renewable energy promotion. Integrated by representatives from private, public, financial, commercial and academic organizations.
Conclusions:
The generation of power in Mexico from renewable sources is still very low; additional efforts have to be made to overcome this problem.
Notwithstanding the fact that energy law reforms in Mexico are needed to increase our production, the potential to save energy in the country is very big; actions should be taken in the short time to avoid waste and increase efficiency.
Conclusions:
Markets not gadgets: The problem is not technology but market
development.
A clear and specific legal framework is important to promote investment.
Development of a mechanism to cover the differential costs.
Incentives should be based on performance. Land rights and/or ownership is an
important issue. Regulatory instruments are in operation and
have made some projects financially feasible.
The law should integrate incentives that were specific to each technology and allowed its development. Incentives should change as technology does.
The law should eliminate the need for self supply associations and reduce the barrier for small projects.
A market for “green energy choice” should be established. Suppliers should be able to sell energy from a renewable source as a differentiated product.
Comments about the renewable energy law.