Intelligent Solutions More Than Fast, Reliable Fire Detection: Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature...

Intelligent Solutions

More Than Fast, Reliable Fire Detection: Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Enables Fire Prevention and Fire Monitoring

Speaker: Greg McElyea Americas Business Manager


Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology

Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection

Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology

Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished

Outline...

19.04.23 AP Sensing Confidential 2


AP Sensing – Linear Heat Series Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)

19.04.23 3AP Sensing Confidential

Fiber-optic Sensor Cable

for Temperature Sensing

Linear Heat Series

DTS Instrument



PC

UPS

Sensor Cable

20m Cable Surplus

Measurement Data

Power Supply

Alarm/Error

Reset

Heat Detection Zone(s)approx. 20m

FP

Typical DTS System SetupStainless steel tube

Stainless steel wires

FRNC Outer Sheath

PC = Personal Computer with DTS Configurator FP = Fire Panel or SCADA System UPS = Uninterruptable Power Supply or Battery Package DTS = Distributed Temperature Sensing instrument

FRNC Outer Sheath

2 std. MM telecom fibers

Polyamide Fibers

2 std. MM telecom fibers

Metal Sensor Cable

Metal-free Sensor Cable


DTS Measurement Technology


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142

Tem

pera

ture

[°C]

Exeeding a maximum temperature > 60 ° C

Distance [m]Exeeding the average temperature

by > 15 ° C

> 15 ° Cavg. Temp > 13 ° C

Exeeding a temperature increase within a certiain time > 13°C / 40s

40s

Alarm

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142Distance [m] Time [s]

AlarmAlarm

Zone concept enables different sections with different alarm criteria (sensitivity) Up to 256 zones per sensor cable - configurable… 3 different alarm types, 5 different criteria per zone - programmable…



Temperature-dependent lattice vibration

DTS Measurement PrincipleMeasurement of temperature through the evaluation of the backscattered laser

light components, stokes and anti-stokes

260 270 280 290 300 310

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.51160 1140 1120 1100 1080 1060 1040 1020 1000 980

back

scat

ter/W

/THz

/nm

70°C

-40°C

Raman Stokes

Raman Anti-Stokes

Location = 2 * tR * vL

DTS Instrument

Laser

Pulse Generator

Detector

Detector

Mirrors and Filters

Control, Acquisition & Analysis Circuitry



Huge local coverage of up to 2x 8km length or 96,000m² area without blind spots

Fast measurement time of 10s and short spatial resolution of 1m Quick and reliable alarming, virtually false-alarm free through 3 different,

freely programmable alarm criteria and confirmation cycles in up to 256 zones

Exact localization and size of any thermal event along the sensor cable

Simple, lightweight, flexible, robust standard sensor cable, easy to install Passive sensor cable, usable indoor and outdoor, absolutely immune to

humidity, dirt, dust, smoke, corrosion, electromagnetic fields or radiation

The sensor has extremely long lifetime and is virtually maintenance-free

Low laser power of only 17mW, class 1M laser is inherently eye-safe

Fire certifications from VdS (A1 / A2 ~ 30 ft NFPA spacing), FM under way

Certified for explosive environments ATEX zone 0, gas and dust

DTS - System Characteristics


Power Plants Parking Garages Storage Facilities Road- & Rail Tunnels Supply Tunnels Conveyor Belts Cable Trays False ceilings / floors / voids Production Halls Warehouses Cold Stores Floating Roof Tanks Transformator / Generators etc.

DTS is especially well suited for Fire Prevention, Fire Detection and Fire Monitoring over long distances or large areas

Typical Applications







Outline...




Classification of “Linear Heat Detection” Systems

Fire Detectors

Point Detectors

Lineardetectors

Smoke SmokeHeat Heat

Ionisation Detectors

Optical Detectors

Maxim

um & Differential

Flame Detection

Multi-Point System

s

Pressure & Resistance

D T S - Systems

Smoke assp. System

s

LHD-Systems

Opacim

eter



System ComparisonDigital Cable Analog Cable Pressurized Tube Multipoint System DTS System

Measurement Range (maximum) 1500 m 300m 100m 2500m 2 x 8000m(AP Sensing)

Local Discretization no no no 8m /fixed (smaller spacing leads to reduced

monitoring range.)

1 to 3m adjustable

VdS approved - ● ● ● ●

Alarm Temperature Range limited limited limited limited Infinite

Number of sensor data to detect incident (maximum)

1 1 1 312 2 x 8000 (continuous)

Number of alarm criteria to detect incident 1 2 2 2 5

Inherently Safe Operation in Hazardous Area (Ex –Zone)

- - ● - ●

Immune to Electromagnetic Interferences - - - - ●

Individually Configurable Sensor Cables - - - ● ●

Precise Localisation of Fire - - ● ●

Calculating Fire Size and Fire Spreading - - - - ●

Fire Monitoring Capabilities * - - - - ●

Maintenance Costs medium medium high medium low

* Fire Monitoring Capabilities: System is capable to withstand temperatures up to 1000°C to provide crucial information about the development of the fire.






Outline...




A fiber-optic linear temperature sensor can help to detect a potential fire in its early development phase Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potential fire sources Complete local coverage of long structures (like tunnels) or large areas (like big buildings) without “blind spots”

Pin-point alarm with exact temperature and location information enables quick intervention before the outbreak of a potential fire

Fire Prevention



Example 1: Coal Conveyor Belts in Power Plants Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potentially hot running rollers and smoldering fires Complete local coverage of long conveyor belts or a chain of multiple conveyor belts without “blind spots” Early alarming with exact location information enables an early exchange of hot rollers or the extinction of

smouldering fires caused e.g. by self-ignition of lignite dust

Fire Prevention – Coal Conveyor Belts

Alarm temperature has to be set relative to different day and night environmental temperatures No way to detect fires with DTS on a fast moving belt (10…20ft/sec) !



Example 2: Cable Trays, Cable Tunnels, Power Cables... Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of cable trays, cable

tunnels and power cables heating up under high current load Complete local coverage of long cable trays or cable tunnels

without “blind spots” Early alarming with exact location information enabling the

decrease of electrical current, the exchange of bad joint and splices, etc.

Local coverage can be increased by meandering the sensor cable The temperature difference and the temperature delay between

conductor and outside of the cable has to be considered

Fire Prevention – Cable Trays and Power Cables

1m – 1,5m



Fire Prevention – Pipe and Tube Leakage

Example 3: Leakage of Inflammable Liquids or Gases from Pipes and Tubes Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potentially leaking tubes and pipes, e.g. hydraulic oil Complete local coverage of long pipes and tubes without “blind spots” Early alarming with exact location information enables an early sealing of the leak and removal of a potential fire

load

In case of a gas pipe leakage a cold spot occurs (Joule Thomson effect). Leakages in a liquid pipe are typically recognized by a hot spot.



3D Visualization with AP Sensing’s Asset viewer






Outline...




Tunnel Fire Tests in Sweden, Norway, Switzerland


Fire Monitoring - What does DTS Provide?


T

X

T

X

DTS provides:

Precise localization of the fire (2-4m)

Dynamic fire/smoke size assessment

Dynamic fire/smoke spreading assessment

Radiation HeatPoint of Fire

Convection Heat Smoke

Tunnel Wind

Smoke Spreading

DTS Real Time Data

DTS Real Time Data

A

BA Low wind speed

B High wind speed

DTS reliably detects and localizes radiation and convection heat even under unfavorable conditions like wind



Fire Monitoring - Hidden Diesel Fire (HRR = 7.4MW)



Fire Monitoring - Hidden Diesel Fire (HRR = 7.4MW)

Alarm after 50 seconds

Fire Monitoring 6 minutes

“HotFoam” suppression

OK to enter area


Fire Monitoring – Functional Integrity of the Sensor Cable During the Fire Is Key!


Functional integrity tested and approved by IEC- standards

Temperature 750°C

Duration 2 hours

Result passed

The functional integrity over an extended period of time allows fire monitoring and provides crucial information about fire / smoke development.



Huge local coverage without blind spots

Exact localization and size of an event

Quick and reliable alarming, safe against false-alarms

Low maintenance cost, simple installation, long lifetime

Passive sensor cable, insensitive to harsh environments, immune to interference

No laser safety problems

DTS - System Advantages


Reference Examples




References from the Mine to the Grid …

Mining: Underground conveyer belt monitoring in ATEX Zone 0 (M1) / CH4

conditions

Storage: smoldering fire detection and hot spot localization

Power Plant: conveyer belts; storage facilities

Power Transmission: Power Cable Monitoring & Fire Detection (buried, ducts,

overhead lines)

Mining Storage Power Plant Power Transmission



5 Conveyers in coal mine with up to 8km of sensing cable on one conveyor Zone 0 operation for instrument and sensor cable

– Certification from Dekra/Exam Approval from German Government to run system

even under CH4 alarm and fiber break conditions for the time until sensor cable is repaired.

Further conveyers to be installed in the coming years

Germany: RAG – Conveyor Beltin Coal Mine



Spain: La Medusa – Dockside Coal Storage Coal storage monitoring for smoldering fires Capacity of 100.000 tons of coal Fire on November 14th 2007, extinguishing took 4 days 3 sensor cable rings are embedded in the wall Dual ended configuration



Italy: ENEL – Brindisi – Coal Conveyor Belts in Power Plant Smoldering fire detection underneath

fully covered coal conveyor beltsin coal power plant

Total of 12.5km of sensor cable Fully integrated into SCADA system 2 controllers with 4 channels each Loop configuration to continue monitoring

even in case of cable break.


Thank you for your attention!Greg McElyea

Americas Business ManagerOffice: 214-550-0677Cell: 214-471-3460

Email: [email protected]


Intelligent Solutions More Than Fast, Reliable Fire Detection: Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature...

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